scholarly journals Citrulline as a biomarker of short bowel syndrome in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
K. Y. Marakhouski ◽  
A. A. Svirsky ◽  
A. M. Makhlin ◽  
N. D. Shmeleva ◽  
Z. I. Kuvaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Citrulline Level ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Children Under 5

Purpose. To determine the diagnostic significance of blood citrulline level when estimating the short bowel syndrome (SBS) in children under 5 years old. To determine the blood citrulline level in children of different age. Methods. The examined group (N=31) included children under 5 who underwent small or small and large intestine resection and developed (15 children) or not developed (16 children) clinical signs of SBS. The control group included children who underwent no surgery on the GIT and had no congenital malformations and clinical signs of enteropathy (N=42). To determine the level of citrulline, overpressured high performance liquid column chromatography was used. Statistical analysis of the results was done with MedCalc® version 18.11.3. Results. Mean level of blood citrulline is 28.9 µmol/l in the examined group (95% CI 23.2–34.6) and 30.5 µmol/l in the control group (95% CI 25.0–35.1). Reliable data of the ratio between blood level citrulline and age of the child were obtained both among operated and non-operated children. The odds ratio of determining citrulline in blood was below 24.4 µmol/l in development of SBS clinical picture and amounted to 4.08 р < 0,05. Additional use of ROC analysis confirms the presence of interrelation between citrulline level and absence or presence of SBS clinical signs with 100% specificity and 43% sensitivity. The area under curve (categorical variable showing whether SBS is present or lacking) is 0,746, р = 0,005. Conclusion. Determination of serum citrulline as a diagnostic marker of short bowel syndrome in children under 5 found low sensitivity but high specificity. Thus, blood citrulline index can be used as a biomarker to diagnose SBS, to describe the course of SBS in detail and determine the risk of severe forms of this pathology in children under 5.

scholarly journals Biodistribution of the radiophamarceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) after massive small bowel resection in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dâmaso de Araújo Chacon ◽  
Irami Araújo-Filho ◽  
Arthur Villarim-Neto ◽  
Amália Cínthia Meneses Rêgo ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Massive Resection ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Misleading Interpretation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate (Na99mTcO4) in organs and tissues, the morphometry of remnant intestinal mucosa and ponderal evolution in rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The short bowel (SB) group was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C) rats were not operated on, and soft intestinal handling was performed in sham rats. The animals were weighed weekly. On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of Na99mTcO4, with mean activity of 0.66 MBq was injected intravenously into the orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The biopsies were washed with 0.9% NaCl.,The radioactivity was counted using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated. Biopsies of the remaining jejunum were analysed by HE staining to obtain mucosal thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in %ATI/g of the Na99mTcO4 in the organs of the groups studied (p>0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was significantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In rats with experimentally-produced short bowel syndrome, an adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa reduced weight loss. The biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicated.

The effect of respiratory diseases on serum lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme patterns in calves

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nagy ◽  
Cs. Tóthová ◽  
I. Paulíková ◽  
G. Kováčl ◽  
H. Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

AbstractIn this study we examined the serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzyme patterns in 28 calves of a lowland black spotted breed and its crossbreeds at the age of 2-6 months suffering from clinically noticeable manifested respiratory diseases - bronchopneumonia (BRD Group). As a control group we used 35 clinically healthy calves of the same age, breed and nutrition (Healthy Group). The sick calves did not show clinical signs or pathological lesions on other organ systems. The results found in sick calves showed a significantly higher total activity of LDH than in clinically healthy animals (P<0.01). The mean activity of LDH was 2012 U/l in healthy calves and in calves with respiratory diseases 2529 U/l. The differences in all LDH isoenzyme patterns between both groups of animals were significant (P<0.001) and in calves with respiratory diseases are characterized by a marked increase of the LDH 1 fraction and a decrease in the proportion of the other four LDH isoenzymes. Our results differ from those observed and presented in respiratory diseases in human medicine or in sheep. The explanation for the obtained results in calves and the determination of their diagnostic significance needs further studies and investigations using more animals with various severity of clinical signs and pathological changes, including analysis and determination of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns in healthy and affected cattle lung tissue.

scholarly journals Do the Serum DAO Activity and the Plasma Citrulline Level correlate with enteral adaptation in pediatric cases of short bowel syndrome?

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Masahiro Chiba ◽  
Akira Toki ◽  
Akihide Sugiyama ◽  
Rie Suganuma ◽  
Tomokazu Nakagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Plasma Citrulline ◽  
Citrulline Level

scholarly journals Increased Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome is not Affected by Parenteral Nutrition

2019 ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. CINKAJZLOVÁ ◽  
Z. LACINOVÁ ◽  
J. KLOUČKOVÁ ◽  
P. KAVÁLKOVÁ ◽  
H. KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Circulating Levels

The aim of our study was to assess the presence and degree of intestinal leakage in subjects suffering from short bowel syndrome (SBS) and its modification by parenteral nutrition. To this end we assessed circulating levels of selected makers of intestinal permeability including zonulin, fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP-2), citrulline and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2). We also measured lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) as a marker of circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide acting through the CD14 molecule. Eleven SBS and 10 age- and BMI-matched control subjects were included into the study. The effect of parenteral nutrition was assessed after 14 days, 6 and 12 months from its initiation, respectively. At baseline, SBS patients had increased gut permeability as measured by zonulin (47.24±2.14 vs. 39.48±1.20 ng/ml, p=0.006) and LBP (30.32±13.25 vs. 9.77±0.71 µg/ml, p<0.001) compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, SBS subjects had reduced FABP-2, unchanged citrulline and increased sCD14 and GLP-2 relative to control group. Throughout the whole study period the administered parenteral nutrition had no significant effect on any of the studied parameters. Taken together, our data show that patients with short bowel syndrome have increased intestinal permeability that is not affected by parenteral nutrition.

scholarly journals The short bowel syndrome in children: peculiarities of etiopathogenesis, clinical signs and treatment (analysis of literature and own observations)

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
O. M. Gorbatyuk ◽  
A. S. Lavryk ◽  
V. V. Kucheruk
Keyword(s):  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Treatment Analysis

The short bowel syndrome in children: peculiarities of etiopathogenesis, clinical signs and treatment (analysis of literature and own observations)

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of three simple and rapid dry eye tests: Lid parallel conjunctival folds, tear meniscus height and tear ferning

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-24
Author(s):  
Bojana Dacic-Krnjaja ◽  
Milan Hadzi-Milic ◽  
Jelena Potic ◽  
Danijela Raonic ◽  
Milenko Stojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Meniscus Height ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to assess the diagnostic value of three simple dry eye (DE) tests: lid parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), tear meniscus height (TMH), and tear ferning (TF). Methods. Diagnostic DE tests LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were performed in 100 patients. Eighty of them were referred to us by rheumatologists and general practitioners either during evaluation for Sj?gren?s syndrome, or because of DE symptoms. Control group was made of 20 patients, with no DE relating symptoms. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was used for DE symptoms? evaluation. Results of LIPCOF, TMH and TF tests were compared with results of Copenhagen criteria (CC) DE tests i.e., tear fluorescein break up time, Schirmer I and Rose Bengal tests. Ability of tests to recognize DE in various grades according to Dry Eye Work Shop (DEWS) report score system was assessed. Results. Compared to CC, sensitivity of LIPCOF and TMH was high: 92.8% and 83.5%, while specificity was low: 34.4% and 49.2%, respectively. TF had low sensitivity of 59.1% but high specificity of 82.7%. Mean values of both LIPCOF and TMH differed significantly (F = 7.222, p < 0.001 and F = 11.802, p < 0.001) between control group and all DEWS DE grades, but not among different grades of DE. Conclusions. Diagnostic tests TMH and LIPCOF showed high sensitivity which makes them excellent screening DE tests. Low sensitivity of TF suggests that it is not truly a good screening test on its own, but its high specificity is of definite value.

scholarly journals Low sensitivity of three-phase bone scintigraphy for the diagnosis of repetitive strain injury

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Juarez Amorim ◽  
Elba Cristina Sá de Camargo Etchebehere ◽  
Graciella Dalla Torre ◽  
Mariana da Cunha Lopes de Lima ◽  
Allan de Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bone Scintigraphy ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Repetitive Strain Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Repetitive Strain ◽  
Low Sensitivity

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The diagnosis of repetitive strain injury (RSI) is subjective and solely based on clinical signs and physical examination. The aim of this paper was to assess the usefulness of three-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) in diagnosing RSI. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study at the Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: Seventy-three patients (mean age 31.2 years; 47 males) with clinical suspicion of RSI in the upper limbs were studied. A total of 127 joints with suspicion of RSI were studied. The shoulders, elbows and wrists were analyzed semi-quantitatively, using the shafts of the humeri and ulnae as references. The results were compared with a control group of 40 normal individuals. The patients’ signs and symptoms were used as the "gold standard" for calculating the probabilities. RESULTS: From visual analysis, abnormalities were observed in the flow phase for four joints, in the blood pool phase for 11 joints and in the delayed images for 26 joints. Visual analysis of the joints of the control group did not show any abnormalities. Semi-quantitative analysis showed that most of the patients’ joint ratios were normal. The exceptions were the wrists of patients with left-sided RSI (p = 0.0216). However, the sensitivity (9%) and accuracy (41%) were very low. CONCLUSION: TPBS with semi-quantitative analysis has very low sensitivity and accuracy in the detection of RSI abnormalities in the upper limbs.

scholarly journals The utility of Coccidioides antigen and antibody detection in cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of canine central nervous system coccidioidomycosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Christine D. Butkiewicz ◽  
Cody J. Alcott ◽  
Janelle Renschler ◽  
Lawrence J. Wheat ◽  
Lisa F. Shubitz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the detection of Coccidioides antigen and antibody in CSF in the diagnosis of CNS coccidioidomycosis in dogs. ANIMALS 51 dogs evaluated for CNS disease in a single specialty center in Tucson in 2016. PROCEDURES Excess CSF after routine analysis was banked after collection from dogs presented to the neurology service. Samples were tested by EIA for presence of Coccidioides antigen and antibody. Clinical data were collected from medical records retrospectively. RESULTS 22 dogs were diagnosed with CNS coccidioidomycosis (CCM) or another neurologic disease (non-CCM). These groups of dogs overlapped in the presenting complaints, MRI results, and routine CSF analysis results. Four dogs, all with CCM, had positive antigen EIA results. With clinical diagnosis used as the reference standard, CSF antigen testing had low sensitivity (20%) but high specificity (100%) for diagnosis of CCM. Ten dogs with CCM and 4 dogs with other diagnoses had antibody detected in CSF by EIA. Sensitivity of CSF antibody testing was 46%, specificity was 86%, and positive and negative predictive values for the study population were 71% and 68%, respectively. Clinical Relevance Diagnosis of CNS coccidioidomycosis in dogs in an endemic region was hampered by overlap of clinical signs with other neurologic disorders and the low sensitivity of confirmatory diagnostics. The evaluated Coccidioides-specific EIAs performed on CSF can aid in the diagnosis. A prospective study is warranted to corroborate and refine these preliminary findings

Evaluation of a card test for procalcitonin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Meriç Yilmaz ◽  
Gülsen Yilmaz ◽  
Hatice Akay ◽  
Murat Duranay ◽  
Doğan Yücel
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Laboratory Sign ◽  
Card Test

Background: Peritonitis is an important complication in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) has recently been identified as an inflammation marker and recommended as a new potential marker in CAPD peritonitis. We aimed to study a card test for PCT and compare the results with the conventional markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell (WBC) count. Patients and methods: A total of 40 CAPD patients; 20 patients with an episode of peritonitis and 20 patients without any clinical or laboratory sign of infection were included in the study. PCT, CRP, ESR, WBC and dialysate cell count were performed at the beginning of the clinical signs of peritonitis. Results: CRP and ESR had the highest sensitivities (100% for both) but lower specificities (55 and 10%; respectively) and PCT had the highest specificity with a relatively low sensitivity (100 and 70%) according to the calculated results. Conclusions: The card test for PCT seems to be suitable for the adjunctional use in CAPD peritonitis, with its shorter turn-around time, appropriateness for near-patient testing and high specificity.

Infectious Mononucleosis in an Outpatient Population

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (10) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm L. Brigden ◽  
Sandra Au ◽  
Susan Thompson ◽  
Sean Brigden ◽  
Patrick Doyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heterophile Antibody ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Hematology Analyzers

Abstract Objectives.—To determine the sensitivity and specificity of 2 modern hematology analyzers in flagging heterophile-positive patients; to determine if heterophile-positive, instrument-flagged specimens contain a larger number or a different spectrum of atypical lymphocytes; to document the overall sensitivity and specificity of Hoagland's morphologic criteria in identifying heterophile-positive patients in an outpatient population with a clinical diagnosis of mononucleosis; and to examine whether individual morphologic features might aid in the diagnosis of suspected infectious mononucleosis. Design.—A prospective study of patients referred with a clinical diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis who subsequently tested positive for the heterophile antibody. The control group consisted of a similar population of patients who tested negative for the heterophile antibody. Intervention.—Hematology profiles of peripheral blood samples were determined with Coulter STKS and Sysmex NE-8000 analyzers. A corresponding Wright-Giemsa–stained blood smear was subsequently examined by a single skilled technologist, who performed a 200-cell white blood cell differential and a 200-cell lymphocyte differential. A specific morphologic search was made for the presence of smudge cells or lymphocytes with cloverleaf nuclei. Results.—Using a combination of all flagging criteria, the 2 analyzers identified 156 (86.2%) of 181 heterophile-positive patients as meriting further review. The sensitivity and specificity values of the Coulter analyzer in predicting positive heterophile status for the blast flag were 41% and 97.1%, respectively; for the variant lymphocyte flags, 72.4% and 79.1%, respectively; and for both flags, 40% and 98.1%, respectively. For the Sysmex analyzer, the sensitivity and specificity values in predicting positive heterophile status for the blast flag were 43.4% and 88.6%, respectively; for the variant lymphocyte flag, 15.8% and 90.8%, respectively; and for both flags, 10.5% and 96%, respectively. Considering the classic criteria developed by Hoagland, a lymphocytosis of at least 50% was present in 120 (66.3%) heterophile-positive patients, while an atypical lymphocytosis of at least 10% of the total WBC count was noted in 135 patients (74.6%). The sensitivity and specificity values of a lymphocytosis ≥50% for diagnosing heterophile-positive status were 66.3% and 84.5%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of an atypical lymphocytosis ≥10% were 74.6% and 92.3%, respectively. The presence of smudge cells or cloverleaf lymphocyte nuclei was verified as having high specificity but low sensitivity for suggesting a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. Conclusion.—Although a number of patients did not meet Hoagland's criteria for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, the flagging systems of modern hematology analyzers successfully identified most cases as requiring further review.

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