scholarly journals Removal of dyes from aqueous solutions by adsortion on mixtures of fly ash in batch and column techniques

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean

Adsorption and removal of commercial dyes were studied in aqueous suspensions of fly ash mixtures with a sandy clay loam soil of low organic matter content. The commercial dyes, acid orange 7, acid yellow 23, disperse blue 79, basic yellow 28 and direct yellow 28 represent the widely used nitroazo structures. Batch and column experiments were carried out at equilibrium conditions for concentrations of dyes between 5 and 60 mg l-1. The logarithmic form of Freundlich equation gave a high linearity and the k constants are increasing with the increase of fly ash content in adsorbent mixtures and the affinity between the adsorbent surface and adsorbed solute. The mean removed amounts of dyes by adsorption batch experiments in soil mixture with 20% fly ash content were up to 53.0% for acid yellow 7, 44.9% for acid yellow 23, 99.2% for direct yellow 28, 96.8% for basic yellow 28 and 88.5% for disperse blue 79. The removal of dyes from column experiments decrease with the increase of the solution concentration form 10 to 50 mg l-1 at 20 °C, showing the process to be highly dependent on the concentration of the solution. The mean removed amounts of dyes by adsorption on columns of soil mixture with 20% fly ash content and for initial concentration of dye solutions 50 mg l-1 were up to 33.8% for acid yellow 7, 59.4% for acid yellow 23, 84.2% for direct yellow 28, 98.2% for basic yellow 28 and 60.3% for disperse blue 79.

EFFECTS OF SOIL PROPERTIES AND AMENDMENTS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF ZINC IN SOILS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MACLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Extractable Zn

In a soil incubation experiment with different rates of Zn, the amounts of Zn extracted with 0.005 M DTPA, 1 M MgCl2, and 0.01 M CaCl2 increased with an increase in the organic matter content of a neutral sandy loam soil and with alfalfa added as an organic amendment. Addition of muck and peat increased the amount of Zn exchanged with 1 M MgCl2 but decreased the amount soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2, whereas addition of clay increased the amount of exchangeable Zn but decreased the amounts in the DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl2 extracts. Liming of an acid sandy loam soil (pH 4.9) to about the neutral point reduced the amounts of extractable Zn markedly. A pretreatment of the soils with phosphate almost invariably increased the amounts of extractable Zn. In a corresponding pot experiment, the highest rate of Zn (250 ppm) reduced the yield of corn slightly, prevented the growth of lettuce, and reduced the yield of alfalfa markedly when these crops were grown successively in the acid soil. The concentration of Zn reached levels of 792 ppm in the corn and 702 ppm in the alfalfa. Addition of 50 ppm Zn to the acid soil restricted the growth of lettuce and increased the concentration of Zn to 523 ppm. Despite discrepancies, the concentrations of Zn in the plants as influenced by soil organic matter, organic amendments and liming were usually in accord with the amounts of Zn extracted from the soils. But the P pretreatment tended to decrease the concentration of Zn in corn and lettuce. The mean weight concentrations of Zn in the three species were correlated significantly with the amounts of Zn extracted with 0.005 M DTPA (r = +0.73), 1 M MgCl2 (r = +0.93) and 0.01 M CaCl2 (r = +0.90).

scholarly journals Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Arachis hypogea Rhizosphere Microbial Community

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-100
Author(s):  
Progress Oghenerume ◽  
Samuel Eduok ◽  
Basil Ita ◽  
Ofonime John ◽  
Inemesit Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Amended Soil

We evaluated the effect of 4000 mg zinc oxide (ZnO, 99%, 30 nm) nanoparticle on the physicochemical and microbiological properties of organic manure amended ultisol and loam soil cultivated with Arachis hypogaea using standard methods. The results indicate varying effects on the physicochemical properties in relation to the soil type. The pH of the control ultisol at 7.85 ± 0.17 and 8.3 ± 0.12 in the amended ultisol whereas, the control loam was 7.15 ± 0.17 and 7.41 ± 0.11 in the amended soil indicating 1.06- and 1.04-times higher difference than the controls respectively.  Phosphorus concentration at 57.82 ± 0.54%, 50.81 ± 0.22% and 55.97 ± 0.04%, 59.97 ± 0.02% was 1.14 times lower in the ZnO amended ultisol and 1.07 times higher in amended loam soil compared to the respective controls. The organic matter content in the control and amended ultisol was 2.28 ± 0.32% and 0.91 ± 0.02%, 3.68 ± 0.36% and 0.36 ± 0.02% in the control and amended loam soil. The concentration of nitrate in the control ultisol was 0.05 ± 0.01% and 0.03 ± 0.01% in the amended soil. The nitrate in the control loam soil was 0.08 ± 0.01% relative to 0.02 ± 0.01% in the treated soil and these differences were significant at p = 0.05. The concentration of nutritive salts was reduced and in contrast iron, copper, exchangeable acids, exchange capacity, clay and silt increased in the amended soils. Further to this, heterotrophic ammonia and nitrate-oxidizing bacterial population were inhibited in the amended soils and denitrifying organisms were stimulated. The organisms were members of the genera Pseudomonas, Xanthobacter, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Citrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Agromyces and Rhizobium. ZnO nanoparticles altered the soil physicochemical properties which exacerbated the negative effect on microbial abundance and varied with the soil type.

The value of a poultry litter and wheat mixture in the drought feeding of weaner sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
PJ Austin ◽  
DL Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Mixture ◽  
The Mean

At the end of 23 weeks the mean daily dry matter intake of Merino weaners was 190 g of poultry litter and 235 g of wheat. The mean weekly body weight gain, 210 g per sheep, was not significantly different to weaners that consumed a mean daily dry matter intake of 365 g of wheat grain and gained 180 g weekly. The mean digestible organic matter content of wheat and poultry litter were calculated to be 88 and 31 per cent respectively. Weaners fed wheat only were not supplemented with limestone (1.5 per cent) for 13 weeks by which time two of the eight weaners had serum calcium levels below 8 mg per 100 ml. One of these weaners had gained weight, the other had lost weight and died three weeks after limestone supplementation. The addition of limestone did not increase the mean serum calcium levels significantly, but at the end of the trial all weaners had levels above 8 mg per 100 ml. ' Serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase and bilirubin concentrations were higher for weaners fed wheat-litter mixture, but below levels normally associated with liver dysfunction. Reasons for caution in the use of poultry litter in the manufacture of commercial feedstuffs for ruminants are discussed.

Leaching of Oxyfluorfen in Container Media

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz ◽  
Clyde L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Bentgrass was used to bioassay oxyfluorfen in leaching experiments done in columns of soilless potting media and soils, with herbicide incorporated into the upper 2 to 4 cm. Depth of herbicide leaching increased in order in the following soils: peat and sand (1:1) mix, Stockton clay soil, Yolo fine sandy loam soil, and redwood bark and sand (3:1) mix. Depth of leaching was not related to soil organic matter content. Equilibration experiments showed that peat adsorbed 4 to 5 times more oxyfluorfen than redwood bark. Less leaching was observed in potting mixtures containing peat than bark. Raising the oxyfluorfen dose from 20 to 200 ppmw increased the depth of leaching and concentration of herbicide in the leachate, while a 10-fold increase in water volume had only a limited effect. Twenty ppmw of oxyfluorfen incorporated in the top of a peat-containing potting medium has a low risk of leaching out of the container.

scholarly journals Simpanan Karbon Padang Lamun di Kawasan Pantai Nusa Lembongan, Klungkung, Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
I Ketut Suta Negara ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
I Nyoman Giri Putra
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Carbon Deposits ◽  
Bottom Substrate ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystem ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

The seagrass ecosystem has great potential in absorbing of CO2 concentration in atmosphere, results of the process photosynthesis will be stored in form of biomass during seagrass still alive. The research purpose was to know carbon storage from the seagrass ecosystem at the top substrate (leaves) and bottom substrates (rhizome and roots) in Nusa Lembongan coastal area, Bali. The research location is divided into three stations with 27 points. Carbon stock was analyzed by using invasion method consisting of calculating the value of ash content, organic matter content and carbon content. The results found three seagrass species in the Nusa Lembongan coastal area: Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides. The most dominant spesies is the Thalassia hemprichii. The carbon stored at the top substrate (leaf) is 21.08 gC/m2 and the bottom substrates (rhizome and root) are 52.67 gC/m2. The total estimated carbon deposits in the Nusa Lembongan coastal area is 65.98 tonnes with carbon deposits in the bottom substrate are larger than the top substrate, which is 71% or 47.12 tons on the bottom substrate while 29% or 18.86 tons on the top substrate.

Napropamide Adsorption, Desorption, and Movement in Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Huang Wu ◽  
Normie Buehring ◽  
J. M. Davidson ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Soil columns and soil thin-layer chromatography were used to evaluate the mobility of napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N,-diethylpropionamide] in various soils. The surface-applied herbicide did not move deeper than approximately 6 cm in a Teller sandy loam soil after a water application of 10.2 cm. The Rfvalues for napropamide and two reference herbicides were in the order of fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] > napropamide > terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine]. The mobility of each herbicide was reduced with an increase in clay and organic matter content. Carbon-14 ring labeled napropamide was used to determine the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the herbicide in various soils. The Rfvalues obtained with napropamide and each soil agreed with the adsorptive characteristics. Small applications of a muck soil to a sand (2%, w/w) significantly increased herbicide adsorption and decreased herbicide desorption.

Flumetsulam mobility in two Mississippi soils as influenced by irrigation timing

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris H. Tingle ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Patrick D. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Loam Soil

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate14C-flumetsulam mobility in two Mississippi soils of varied texture and organic matter content following delays in irrigation. Mobility was evaluated using packed soil columns, 25 cm deep, under unsaturated–saturated flow conditions. Irrigation timings included 0, 3, and 5 d after flumetsulam application. Flumetsulam mobility (defined as the amount collected in leachate) decreased from 45% to no more than 20% of the applied in the Prentiss sandy loam soil when irrigation was delayed 3 or 5 d. With the Okolona soil, flumetsulam recovery in the leachate was 21, 14, and 6%, respectively when irrigation occurred 0, 3, and 5 d after application. Flumetsulam proved to be mobile when irrigation immediately followed application, with 6 to 45% recovered in the leachate from all soils evaluated. The Prentiss soil retained 6% of the applied flumetsulam in the upper 5 cm and the Okolona soil retained 22% when irrigation immediately followed flumetsulam application. When the irrigation interval was delayed at least 3 d, the Okolona soil retained 40% in the upper 5 cm, whereas the Prentiss soil retained 10%. Flumetsulam mobility was dependent on irrigation timing and soil type.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DITHIOPYR, SEED PLACEMENT. AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT ON GROWTH OF TOLERANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE WEEDS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 587f-587
Author(s):  
Nanik Setyowati ◽  
Leslie A. Weston
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Loam Soil

Dithiopyr (Dimension, Monsanto) is a turfgrass herbicide currently under evaluation for use in ornamentals. Granular herbicide depth and seed placement were evaluated in greenhouse studies with tolerant or susceptible weeds. Dithiopyr was applied preemergence to weeds at the rate of 2.24 kg/ha to Maury silt loam soil. Weed seeds were planted routinely at 0.64 cm depth. Dithiopyr placed at the soil surface or 0.64 cm in depth caused the greatest injury to seedlings, followed by dithiopyr at 1.28 cm depth. Dithiopyr at 2.54 and 3.81 cm below the surface had no effect upon seedling growth. When seeding depth was investigated, seed placed at 0.64, 1.28 or 1.91 cm below the surface showed greatest seedling injury when dithiopyr was routinely applied at 0.64 cm depth. Seed placement on the soil surface resulted in the least injury to weeds. Peat moss was added to Maury silt loam soil and to sand to investigate the influence of organic matter upon activity. Soil with 2% peat resulted in the least injury to selected weed seedlings while sand, and sand plus up to 3% peat showed greatest injury. Sand amended with 5 and 6% peat also resulted in less injury to weed seedlings. Ivy leaf morningglory and KY 31 fescue were most tolerant of dithiopyr while barnyardgrass and large crabgrass were most sensitive. Dithiopyr uptake, translocation and metabolism studies will be conducted with susceptible and tolerant weed and woody ornamental species.

scholarly journals Compost Mulch, Canola Cover Crops, and Herbicides affect soil Fertility, Apple Tree Yield, and Nutrition

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 893E-893
Author(s):  
Ian Merwin ◽  
Michael Biltonen ◽  
John A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Loam Soil

Three orchard groundcover management systems (GMSs) were established in a newly planted apple (Malus domestica cvs. Liberty, Nova Easygro, and NY84828-12 on Malling 9 rootstock) orchard on a silty-clay loam soil (Aeric Ochraqualf). The GMSs were applied in 2-m-wide strips within tree rows as follows: 1) a 6-cm-thick mulch layer of composed manure, straw, sawdust, and vegetable plant wastes applied in May 1992 and 1994; 2) a “green manure” cover crop of canola (Brassica campestris cv. Humus) seeded in mid-August each year and tilled under the following May; and 3) Post-emergence applications of N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate) herbicide (2.0 kg a.i./ha) in mid-May and July each year. After 3 years of GMS treatments, apple tree growth and trunk cross-sectional area were similar in all three systems. Fruit yield and yield efficiency were greater in glyphosate and compost than in canola GMSs, and `Liberty' was the most productive cultivar. Topsoil N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and organic matter content were all substantially greater in the compost GMS. Leaf N, K, and P concentrations were consistently greater in trees in compost plots; leaf Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn concentrations were lower in compost GMS. Weed growth was rank and difficult to control in the compost mulch, but this GMS substantially enhanced orchard soil fertility.

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