scholarly journals Assessment and Modeling the Influence of Nitrogen Input in the Soil on Groundwater Nitrate Pollution: Plain of Upper- Cheliff

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-755 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Input ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Potato Crops

<div> <p>The present study associates groundwater nitrate pollution with agricultural activity in the Upper-Cheliff wich is known for intensive farming practices. The indicatory kriging method is used in order to elaborate a map of the spatial probability distribution of nitrate concentration that exceeds a threshold value of 50ppm during high watering period for the year 2012. The obtained results show that the areas exceeding nitrate concentrations of 50 ppm, occupy more than 80% of the Upper-Cheliff aquifer area. It appears, from this map, the most affected areas are those for which the level of intensification of the N-fertilizers is the strongest (zone of garden farming, potatoes in particular) throw condensed.These results are coherent with the experimental data, which show an average nitrate concentration value of 75 ppm, significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO)&rsquo;S standards.</p> <p>In this study, the total nitrogen brought to the soils of the Upper-Cheliff is estimated at 247 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> for this year, and compared to the results of New Computer models such as PILOTEN used to analyze alternative management practices together with soil, plant, and climate characteristics to determine the amount of nitrogen leached under the potatoes crops. The result of this model show that 60% of nitrogen input is leaching under potato crops which is relevant to the map showing the spatial evolution of nitrate. Nitrate pollution in the groundwater of the Upper-Cheliff appears to be significant and driven by the application of both inorganic fertilizer and land use.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Pharmaceutical Data Integrity: issues, challenges and proposed solutions for manufacturers and inspectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Sia Chong Hock ◽  
Vernon Tay ◽  
Vimal Sachdeva ◽  
Chan Lai Wah
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Record Management ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
The Uk

Data Integrity, which is data deemed Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original, Accurate, Complete, Consistent, Enduring, and Available (ALCOA-plus), has been the focus of the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. With the growing use of computerized systems and rising prevalence of outsourcing manufacturing processes, ensuring data integrity is becoming more challenging in an increasingly complex pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. To address this issue, multiple legislation and guidance documents such as ‘Data Integrity and Compliance with CGMP Guidance for Industry’ from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ‘GxP’ Data Integrity Guidance and Definitions from the UK Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), and ‘Guidance on Good Data and Record Management Practices’ from the World Health Organization (WHO), have been published in recent years. However, with rising data integrity issues observed by FDA, WHO, MHRA and other pharmaceutical inspectors even after these guidance documents have been published, their overall effectiveness is yet to be determined. This paper compares and evaluates the legislation and guidance currently in existence; and discusses some of the potential challenges pharmaceutical manufacturers face in maintaining data integrity with such legislation and guidance in place. It appears that these legislation and guidance are insufficient in maintaining data integrity in the industry when used alone. Last, but not least, this paper also reviews other solutions, such as the need for a company culture of integrity, a good database management system, education and training, robust quality agreements between contract givers and acceptors, and performance of effective audits and inspections, to aid in maintaining data integrity in the manufacturing industry. These proposed solutions, if successfully implemented, can address the issues associated with data integrity, and raise the standard of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing worldwide.

scholarly journals Home Based Management of Uncomplicated P. falciparum Malaria in Children Below Five Years in Delta State

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Edjophe Arute ◽  
Valentine Uche Odili
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
World Health ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
African Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Choice Of Therapy

Background: The world health organization (WHO) estimates that every 45 seconds an African child dies of malaria while several others lay ill. Also, studies have shown that home-based management of malaria could improve prompt access to antimalarial medications for African children. Objective: This study aimed at assessing the home based management practices among care givers of children below five years in Delta State. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey used to assess the home based management practices of malaria in children under age five. 459 consenting Caregivers of children under five (6 to 59 months) were purposively selected from different churches during Sundays and Wednesdays midweek services through balloting from two communities in Central and North Senatorial Districts of Delta State (Oghara and Obiaruku). Prior to the commencement of the study, the caregivers were thoroughly counselled on the objectives of the study, and a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for administration in English, Urhobo and Ukwuani languages. Results: The study revealed that 86.93% respondents have good knowledge of malaria, and 60% commenced treatment within 24hrs. It also showed that 58.4% preferred anti-malarial combination therapies with arthemether-lumefantrine combination accounting for 34.0% drug options. Drug sources for home based malaria management were mainly from Pharmacy 40.5%, Drug sellers such as chemist 55.1% while information sources on choice of therapy and dosage were mainly from chemist 32.7%; health personnel 25.7%; neighbours 7.5% and self-based on previous experience 36.6%. Conclusion: The study revealed very good knowledge of malaria and good management practices as well as good treatment seeking behaviours amongst the caregivers.

scholarly journals Chlorate formation in water distribution systems: a modeling study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulvio Boano ◽  
Silvia Fiore ◽  
Roberto Revelli
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
World Health ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Health Organization

Chlorine-based disinfection agents are known to favor the production of disinfection by-products (DBPs), whose concentrations are restricted by international guidelines to ensure a safe consumption of drinking water. Hence, it is important to understand the behavior of DBPs within water distribution networks (WDNs) to avoid users' exposure to concentrations higher than guideline values. The build-up in chlorate concentration resulting from chlorinated disinfectants is here simulated with the EPANET 2.0 software for one benchmark WDN serving about 130,000 inhabitants. Chlorate generation was accounted by means of an empirical model, considering different boundary conditions (physicochemical features of raw water, disinfectant dose). The gathered results indicate that increases in chlorate concentration within the considered WDN are narrow. Chlorate neo-formation in the WDN is, however, strictly related to the initial amount of chlorate released by the water treatment plant, i.e., to the input value in the WDN. If chlorate concentration in treatment plants is kept below 700 μg/L (i.e., World Health Organization guideline), depending on the mixing conditions in tanks, the simulation results referred to the considered WDN show that the DBP build-up within the network is limited (in any case lower than 5–7% of the threshold value).

A CYCLE THRESHOLD VALUE-BASED EPIDEMIC PROGNOSTICATION TO MONITOR LONG-TERM EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS OF SARS-COV-2 VIRUS

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Aditi Munmun Sengupta ◽  
Diptendu Chatterjee ◽  
Bibhuti Saha
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered as the sensitive proof for detecting the viral infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus obtained from respiratory samples. The quantitative values for the analysis are benecial for estimating the transmissibility of people who test positive for SARS-CoV-2. This can be further achieved by analyzing the samples by semiquantitative means through the interpretation of the cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-PCR that represent the rst cycle of PCR at which a detectable signal appears during the assays. The Ct value shows a correlation between high viral load and disease infectiousness, which is observed with other respiratory viruses, including the inuenza B infection and rhinovirus infection. Hence, the present study aims to analyze the surveillance of COVID-19 to monitor longer-term epidemiologic trends and trends in deaths due to COVID-19. In order to achieve this aim, the present review was reported to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis statements (PRISMA) for analyzing the Ct value-based epidemic predictions and to monitor long-term epidemiologic trends of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Total 33 studies have been nalized for nding out the results of the study. The epidemiologic parameter and a representative of the surveillance data for reporting to the World Health Organization were fullled by analyzing the systematic review and metaanalysis of the selected study. Moreover, the evaluation of the impact of the pandemic on the health care system and society was achieved by analyzing the studies mentioned here.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Assessing Groundwater Pollution Hazard by Nitrates from Agricultural Sources: Application to the Gallocanta Groundwater Basin (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6321
Author(s):  
José María Orellana-Macías ◽  
María Jesús Perles Roselló ◽  
Jesús Causapé
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Nitrogen Input ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
The Eu

Groundwater pollution by nitrates from agricultural sources is a common environmental issue. In order to support risk analysis, hazard maps are used to classify land uses according to their potential of pollution. The aim of this study is to propose a new hazard index based on nitrogen input and its connection with nitrate concentration in groundwater. The effectiveness of the Nitrogen Input Hazard Index was tested in the Gallocanta Groundwater Basin (Spain), a highly polluted area, declared as a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone. Agricultural data at a plot scale were used to estimate the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of each crop, and the correlation between nitrogen input and nitrate concentration in groundwater was explored. The resulting hazard map allows us to delimit the most hazardous areas, which can be used to implement more accurate nitrate pollution control programs. The index was proven to successfully estimate nitrogen input influence over groundwater nitrate concentration, and to be able to create hazard maps. The criterion used to create categories was empirically based on nitrate concentration thresholds established by the EU Nitrate Directive. The Nitrogen Input Hazard Index may be a useful tool to support risk analyses of agricultural activities in vulnerable areas, where nitrate pollution could endanger human water supply.

scholarly journals A Chelation-Enhanced Fluorescence Assay Using Thiourea Capped Carbonaceous Fluorescent Nanoparticles For As (III) Detection In Water Samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mohammadi ◽  
Somayeh Mohammadi ◽  
Abdollah Salimi ◽  
Rezgar Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Herein, we designed a sensitive and selective “Turn-On” fluorescence nanosensor using water-soluble carbonaceous fluorescent nanomaterials (CFNs) functionalized with thiourea (CFNs-thiourea) for efficient detection of trace amounts of arsenic (III) in aqueous samples. The CFNs and CFNs-Thiourea were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The emission peak intensity of proposed nanosensor at 425 nm was gradually enhanced on arsenite addition in wide detection range (3.3–828.5 µg L-1) attributed to the binding of arsenite species with sulfur groups of CFNs-thiourea. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.48 µg L-1 being much lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold value of 10 µg L-1. Furthermore, the as prepared thiourea -CFNs exhibited an superb selectivity for As (III) compared various cations and anions such as; NO3−, NO2−, F−, Ni2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, F-, Cl-, Mn2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Al3+ and As (V) at 100 folds concentration of As (III). The turn on fluorescence nanosensor was successfully exploited for quantification of arsenic in spiked water samples with acceptable efficiencies.

scholarly journals Study of knowledge, behaviour and practice of biomedical waste among health personnel

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjuman Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Biomedical Waste ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Healthcare wastes are of great importance due to its hazardous nature. As World Health Organization (WHO) indicated, some of healthcare wastes are considered the most hazardous and potentially dangerous to human health and pollute the environment. With this background this study was undertaken to assess awareness, behavior and practices healthcare personnel about biomedical waste, its hazards and management.Methods: This one cross-sectional study was conducted at S.V.B.P. hospital associated with L.L.R.M. medical college, Meerut. A total of 291 healthcare personnel who consented for interview were interviewed biomedical waste management rules and observed for biomedical waste management practices by using redesigned and a pretested questionnaire. The data was analysed by using SPSS software.Results: Awareness regarding bio-medical waste management rules was 67% in doctors, 60% in nurses, 57% among lab technicians, but the sanitary staff was not aware about this. Awareness about category of BMW, number, colour coding, disposed content, labelling and cover of waste containers and segregation of waste were more among nurses and lab technicians in comparison to doctors but minimum among sanitary staff. All the respondents (100%) doctors, nurses and lab technicians knew that HIV and Hepatitis B transmitted through Bio medical waste but their awareness regarding Hepatitis C and other diseases was very low. 74% of sanitary Staff did not know that these diseases could be transmitted through bio medical waste.Conclusions: Healthcare facilities should get their healthcare personnel trained from accredited training centers.

GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS AND QUALITY UNDER INTENSIVE CROPPING SYSTEMS

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. GUMTANG ◽  
M. F. PAMPOLINO ◽  
T. P. TUONG ◽  
D. BUCAO
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Service Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

A study was conducted from October 1994 to March 1996 to assess groundwater dynamics and quality in relation to landuse and farm input of nitrogen fertilizer in a highly diversified and intensive agricultural area at Magnuang, Batac, Ilocos Norte. Monthly groundwater depths, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH were determined in 19 agricultural and domestic wells. In the dry season, sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) had a higher irrigation requirement and caused more groundwater level decline than other crops. EC (700–3000 μmho cm−1) and HCO3− (90–500 ppm) in all wells exceeded the FAO threshold quality for irrigation but were not related to farm management practices. Eight wells showed near or above the World Health Organization NO3-N limit (10 ppm) for drinking water. High nitrogen fertilizer input increased the mean NO3-N (r2 = 0.45, p < 0.002). The percentage of the wells' service area under rice cultivation in the wet season accounted for 84% (p < 0.001) of the variation in NO3-N among the wells. The mean NO3-N declined as the percentage of service area under rice increased. This was related to the denitrification process in the flooded fields and the lower levels of nitrogen fertilizer for rice compared with other crops.

scholarly journals OPD Management Of General Surgical Patient In Covid-19 Situation – Ayurvedic And Modern Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan Garje
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Help Desk ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
The People ◽  
Outpatient Departments ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract   On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization declared Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 as a pandemic and hence lockdown imposed in India resulted in a significant depletion in surgical practices even after unlock down. There were some guidelines for patient care in general surgical practice have been published, overall, publications focusing exclusively on guidelines on starting surgical outpatient departments (OPD) after the COVID-19 lockdown amidst the on-going pandemic are lacking. We hereby propose the evolving knowledge in changes in OPD management practices for general surgeons in the COVID- 19 era. The priority on online registration (e-registration) should be given impetus and become the new norm supplemented by telephonic and spot registration for the uneducated patients.  The article also mentions the duties of the help desk, OPD hall supervisor and the new norms of air conditioning, ventilation, safe use of elevators, sanitization of OPD premises and biomedical waste disposal. The optimum and safe utilization of human & material resources DO’s and DON’Ts for patients & health staff have also been proposed.  In Ayurveda, a concept similar to the epidemic is narrated by Acharya Charak under a broad heading ‘Janapadodhwamsa’. The word ‘Janapadodhwamsa’ comprises of two words Janapada (large population) & Udhvamsa (destruction) which means the diseases affecting & causing damage of a large number of people. Factors which are familiar to the people under a particular community like air (Vayu), water (Jala), habitat (Desha) and seasons (Kala), Sinful acts (Adharma) in the form of war, affliction by attacks of monsters, demon, alliants (Rakshas) etc. & curses (Abhishap) are responsible for ‘Janapadodhwamsa. . These diseases can be considered as either airborne or waterborne infectious diseases or diseases occurring due to soil contamination or conditions arising due to weather or seasonal hazards. Further, under the heading of Adidaivika Bala Pravritta Vyadhi (diseases arising due to such causes that cannot be controlled by human intelligence), terms such as Sansargaja and Upsragaja are mentioned which indicate that there are certain diseases which can be transmitted directly from infected persons to healthy persons such as contagious diseases or certain diseases can be transmitted by respiration/air borne Keywords: COVID 19, Outpatient, general surgery, Corona virus, OPD, Janapadodhwamsa’

scholarly journals WELLS AND BOREHOLES PHYSICOCHEMICAL WATER QUALITY EVALUATION IN THE ATAKPAMÉ COMMUNE UNDER AGRICULTURE AND MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IMPACT .

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Most of the drinking water supplies of Atakpamé town is assured by wells and boreholes. The quality of this water is threatened by human activities. This study is to evaluate the impact of agricultural techniques and wastewater management on the evolution of the physicochemical quality of well and borehole water, for an understanding of the acquisition of groundwater mineralization in this commune. The water was collected and analyzed and, the results submitted to statistical processing using the software XLSTAT 2018.6 shows that the most downgrading physicochemical parameters are pH, conductivity and nitrates, compared to World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Factor analysis and correlation between the parameters explain the source of nitrate pollution which is linked to the farming and other human activities. The hydro chemical facies represented in the Piper diagram using the diagram software are in majority chlorinated, sodipotassic. Qgis software led to the spatial representation of the nitrate pollution. This pollution is high in Abotèssè, Aféyé-Kpota, Idiotsè and Ikotadi localities. The Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) of sampled water point gives four important homogeneous subgroups for future sampling selecting a point while representing the subgroup under surveillance.

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