The Concentric Structure of the Wisdom Poem in Job 28

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Ruth Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Ring Structure ◽  
Central Unit ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Concentric Pattern ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Concentric Structure

The enigmatic wisdom poem of Job 28:1–28 stands apart from the rest of the book of Job in style and structure. Most read this poem in linear progression as three strophes (vv. 1–11; 15–19; 23–28) with an intervening refrain (vv. 12–14; 20–22). In this study, it is suggested that the poem has been presented in the form of a concentric or compositional ring structure, which juxtaposes arguments rather than presenting them in a linear fashion. According to this structure there are five compositional units, the centre of which holds the main point of the text (A, B, C, B1, A1). A central section (C vv. 15–19), maintains the traditional view of the supreme value of wisdom. The central unit is surrounded by two inner parallel sections each beginning with a rhetorical question concerning the location of wisdom (Sections B vv. 12–14 and B1 vv. 20–22), and two outer sections (A vv. 1–11 and A1 vv. 23–28) in which two contrasting ways of acquiring wisdom are presented: by independent human effort presented in the form of a mining metaphor (A vv. 1–11); or by contemplation of God’s omnipotent creative power and reverence for Him resulting in right behaviour (A1). Each of the major units also follows a concentric pattern.

Structure and Allusion in the Apostrophe Zion (11QPsa 22:1–15)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Ruth Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
Biblical Allusions ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Concentric Structure

Abstract The Apostrophe to Zion (11QPsa 22:1–15) is a Second Temple song structured as an alphabetic acrostic. A tripartite structure at alphabetic units ע-ת, ט-ס, א-ח with each part enclosed by inclusio has also been observed. In this paper it is proposed that the song also displays a seven part concentric structure, comprising A//A1—an opening and closing invocation to praise at units א-ב// ר-ת; an outer circle B//B1 units ג-ח//ע-ק in which a vision of the glorious future of Zion is recalled; an inner circle C//C1 units ט-כ//מ-ס in which past saving events are recalled and reflected upon in terms of the wisdom doctrine of retribution, and finally, a central section D at unit ל in which the hope of Zion is reaffirmed. Within this concentric structure the poet balances two biblical allusions to Isa 66:10–11 and Dan 9:24 in such a way that they enter into dialogue one with the other. In this the poet shares what appears to be a common Second Temple interpretive strategy of viewing earlier scriptural texts in the light of later ones.

scholarly journals Ketika Allah "Diam": Analisis Retorika Ayub 39:4-15

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Arif Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Book Of Job ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Life Values ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

Arif Wicaksono, When God Is "Silent": Analysis of Rhetoric Job 39: 4-15. While referring to the contemplation of life's struggles, the book of Job is often one of the best stories in strengthening the faith of the congregation. Unfortunately, some approaches to the strengthening of faith in the book of Job take only in the first and second chapters, then immediately look at the last chapter of this book. It is rare to find the discussions touching the dialogs contained in the middle of this book. But if we want to look closely, the dialogues between Job and his friends, Job with God and God's answer to Job give a lot of life values about how believers should behave in temptation. This paper has a purpose to present one the topic of contemplation drawn from the dialogue between God and Job when God posed rhetorical questions to Job. The approach used in studying texts is a literal context approach with the aim of exploring the meaning of every word in Hebrew and the context that influences the text. What is to be expected in this discussion is that the reader can understand God's providence for the temptations his people experience in the rhetorical question raised to Job. Arif Wicaksono, Ketika Allah "Diam": Analisis Retorika Ayub 39:4-15. Saat memberikan rujukan perenungan terhadap pergumulan hidup, sering kali kitab Ayub dijadikan salah satu kisah terbaik dalam menguatkan iman jemaat. Sayangnya beberapa pendekatan  terhadap penguatan iman dari kitab Ayub hanya mengambil dalam pasal pertama dan kedua kemudian meloncat pada pasal terakhir dari kitab ini. Jarang sekali pembahasan-pembahasan menyentuh dialog-dialog yang terdapat dalam bagian tengah dari kitab Ayub.Padahal jika mau melihat dengan baik dialog-dialog antara Ayub dan teman-temanya, Ayub dengan Tuhan dan jawaban Tuhan kepada Ayub memberikan banyak sekali nilai-nilai kehidupan tentang bagaimana seyogyanya orang percaya bersikap dalam pencobaan.Tulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk megetengahkan salah satu topic perenungan yang terambil dari dialog antara Allah dengan Ayub saat Allah mengajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan retorik kepada Ayub. Pendekatan yang dipakai dalam menelaah teks menggunakan pendekatan literal konteks, dengan tujuan menggali makna dari setiap kata dalam bahasa Ibrani dan konteks yang mempengaruhi teks.Diharapkan dalam pembahasan ini pembaca dapat memahami pemeliharaan Allah atas pencobaan yang dialami umat-Nya dalam pertanyaan retorik yang disampaikan kepada Ayub.

Fluctuations in Perceptual Organization and Orientation and Perception of Apparent Movement

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B. Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Unit ◽  
Perceptual Unit ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Apparent Position

Three main percepts of a static flat stimulus were reported, one veridical and two with apparent internal depth but which varied in the degree of perceptual organization. In one of these, the entire stimulus formed a single perceptual unit which “reversed” perspective as a unit in a fashion similar to a Necker cube. This percept elicited no reports of apparent movement, but the other percept did. In the latter, the offset central section formed one perceptual unit that was blurred, and the sharp, distinct parts on either side of it formed another unit. The central unit underwent figure-ground reversals, while the adjacent slats of both elements “changed” orientation independently. The changes in apparent position accompanying the latter fluctuations were often perceived as being due to movement of the central section in the frontal plane.

Small Angle Electron Scattering From Vacuum Condensed Metallic Films

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
J. Silcox ◽  
R. H. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Metallic Films ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Kinematical Theory

Recent work has drawn attention to the possibilities that small angle electron scattering offers as a source of information about the micro-structure of vacuum condensed films. In particular, this serves as a good detector of discontinuities within the films. A review of a kinematical theory describing the small angle scattering from a thin film composed of discrete particles packed close together will be presented. Such a model could be represented by a set of cylinders packed side by side in a two dimensional fluid-like array, the axis of the cylinders being normal to the film and the length of the cylinders becoming the thickness of the film. The Fourier transform of such an array can be regarded as a ring structure around the central beam in the plane of the film with the usual thickness transform in a direction normal to the film. The intensity profile across the ring structure is related to the radial distribution function of the spacing between cylinders.

Immunoelectron microscope detection of C-type natriuretic peptide in normal human atrial tissue

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Chi-Ming Wei ◽  
Margaret Hukee ◽  
Christopher G.A. McGregor ◽  
John C. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
The Brain

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a newly identified peptide that is structurally related to atrial (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). CNP exists as a 22-amino acid peptide and like ANP and BNP has a 17-amino acid ring formed by a disulfide bond. Unlike these two previously identified cardiac peptides, CNP lacks the COOH-terminal amino acid extension from the ring structure. ANP, BNP and CNP decrease cardiac preload, but unlike ANP and BNP, CNP is not natriuretic. While ANP and BNP have been localized to the heart, recent investigations have failed to detect CNP mRNA in the myocardium although small concentrations of CNP are detectable in the porcine myocardium. While originally localized to the brain, recent investigations have localized CNP to endothelial cells consistent with a paracrine role for CNP in the control of vascular tone. While CNP has been detected in cardiac tissue by radioimmunoassay, no studies have demonstrated CNP localization in normal human heart by immunoelectron microscopy.

Mimetic Monsters

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Timothy Beal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Edge Of Chaos ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

This article reads between two recent explorations of the relationship between religion, chaos, and the monstrous: Catherine Keller’s Face of the Deep and Author's Religion and Its Monsters. Both are oriented toward the edge of chaos and order; both see the primordial and chaotic as generative; both pursue monstrous mythological figures as divine personifications of primordial chaos; both find a deep theological ambivalences in Christian and Jewish tradition with regard to the monstrous, chaotic divine; both are critical of theological and cultural tendencies to demonize chaos and the monstrous; and finally, both read the divine speech from the whirlwind in the book of Job as a revelation of divine chaos. But whereas one sees it as a call for laughter, a chaotic life-affirming laughter with Leviathan in the face of the deep, the other sees it as an incarnation of theological horror, leaving Job and the reader overwhelmed and out-monstered by God. Must it be one way or the other? Can laughter and horror coincide in the face of the deep?

Chow Rings, Decomposition of the Diagonal, and the Topology of Families (AM-187)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Voisin
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chow Groups ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Complete Intersections ◽  
Algebraic Varieties ◽  
Chow Ring ◽  
Hodge Structures ◽  
Chow Rings ◽  
Geometric Methods ◽  
The Right

This book provides an introduction to algebraic cycles on complex algebraic varieties, to the major conjectures relating them to cohomology, and even more precisely to Hodge structures on cohomology. The book is intended for both students and researchers, and not only presents a survey of the geometric methods developed in the last thirty years to understand the famous Bloch-Beilinson conjectures, but also examines recent work by the author. It focuses on two central objects: the diagonal of a variety—and the partial Bloch-Srinivas type decompositions it may have depending on the size of Chow groups—as well as its small diagonal, which is the right object to consider in order to understand the ring structure on Chow groups and cohomology. An exploration of a sampling of recent works by the author looks at the relation, conjectured in general by Bloch and Beilinson, between the coniveau of general complete intersections and their Chow groups and a very particular property satisfied by the Chow ring of K3 surfaces and conjecturally by hyper-Kähler manifolds. In particular, the book delves into arguments originating in Nori's work that have been further developed by others.

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