Stylistic features of Yunus Abdullahi's “Yalaimi’s” Arabic praise poems to Prophet Mohammed

Eulogizing the prophet has generated controversies among the Muslims just as this genre of poetry has been mostly ignored and seen as having no significant content. In the Islamic era (Al-AsrulIslami) the prophet permitted Hassan bnThabit to compose poem to defend Islam and praised him. Later he condemned referring to him as Allah or son of Allah as a form praise. The aim of this study is to identify the methods used by the poet to eulogies the Prophet and describe the stylistic feature of the poem. The method of research is descriptive and analytic. The result of the study reveals that the author used three major methods to praise the prophet which include reference to his spiritual status, emphasis on his practices and tradition and describing his religious struggle. The styles used by the author include clarity of language, use of imagery, Iqtibas (adaptation and citation of Quran verses) and rhetorical question. It is recommended therefore, that the poems should be completely translated to English for wider circulation.

Exploring correspondence between social culture, and employees’ subjective well-being: A mystery revealed!

Wondering about, «what does 'A happy workplace' mean? », has always been a rhetorical question. Be that as it may, this study examined the underlying implicit correspondence between social culture and employee subjective well-being. Previous research studying well-being predictors and constraints has failed to propose a precise model that exposes the different determinants of employee subjective well-being. To address this gap, this paper considers cultural dimensions, as subjective well-being predictors, and it considers individuals' emotional and cognitive experiences, as mediating factors. Online surveys were administered to 500 participants, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The astonishing results have revealed that people operating in organizations with higher power distance are less likely to have well-being, on the other hand, employees at workplaces dominated by an Individualistic mindset are more prone to have a fulfilling work life.

So be Hudprom! 1963 Reform of Kharkiv State Institute of Arts: Myths and Facts About the Role of Rector M. Shaposhnikov in the Preservation and Reorganization of Kharkiv Art Institute

The article is dedicated to the famous reform of Kharkiv Institute of Arts in 1963. The article provides an overview of the causes and consequences of reform of an ordinary art institute (KSIA) into essentially new Art and Industrial Institute (KAII). The historical and cultural basis of that reform is also examined. For the first time in 60 years of existence of Art and Industrial Institute and its successor, the modern Academy (KSADA), photocopies of documents from KSADA archives are provided reflecting the logic and tools of implementation of that complex and controversial reform. The article features the orders of the rector of KSIA and KAII. Thanks to the analysis of these documents, it is proved that in fact training of art designers in Kharkiv began in October 1962, that is almost a year before the legal registration of KAII. We publish a fragment of Rector M. Shaposhnikov’s report, read at the 21st session of Presidium of Academy of Arts of the USSR (December, 1963), which discussed the initial state of industrial art education in Kharkiv. Particular attention is paid to the problem of qualitative renewal of the KAII teaching staff, which began in 1967, when the first art designers graduated. The central place in the publication is given to the person of Mykhailo Shaposhnikov (1909–1987), rector of Kharkiv Art Institute of that time. Portrait of personality of the then Rector of KSADA is given: as a person, as a head of an institute, as an experienced manager. There are some recollections of eyewitnesses of that reform and of the rector himself. The final part of the article says that the 1963 reform was the bifurcation point from which the development of modern Kharkiv art school began, in which all the “muses of art” and modern directions of creativity are represented. The article ends with a rather rhetorical question: “Could the modern Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts exist if not for creative determination and some managerial adventurism of Rector M. Shaposhnikov?...”.

/ka-/ negative prefix of Choswateng Tibetan of Khams (Shangri-La, Yunnan)

Choswateng Tibetan, spoken in the south-eastern corner of the Khams region, has three negative prefixes: /ȵi-/, /ma-/, and /ka-/. The first two are derived from two morphemes which are ubiquitous across Tibetic languages, whereas the third is a newly generated negative prefix found in Choswateng Tibetan as well as its surrounding dialects belonging to the rGyalthang subgroup of Khams and its neighbours. This article describes the morphological feature and use of the prefix /ka-/ in Choswateng Tibetan. Morphologically, the prefix /ka-/ can co-occur with most verbs except for the copulative verb /ˊreʔ/. Pragmatically, the prefix /ka-/ occurs and is restricted in the following ways: (1) expresses ‘definitely not’ for statements regarding the self, and ‘possibly not, judging from the speaker’s knowledge’ for statements regarding others; (2) co-occurs with egophoric and sensory evidentials; (3) is not used for a negation of accomplished aspect; and (4) does not deprive the function of the other two negative prefixes. These two analyzes are mutually related; it is suggested that the reason why /ka-/ cannot co-occur with the copulative verb /ˊreʔ/ is triggered by a contradiction of implied evidentials: /ka-/ is related to egophoric and sensory, whereas /ˊreʔ/ is statemental. Following the description of its use, we discuss the origin of /ka-/, claiming a possible grammaticalization from an interrogative word gar (‘where’ in Literary Tibetan and common throughout the rGyalthang area) in a rhetorical question to a prefix. Referring to several morphological features of /ka-/, we consider its grammaticalization as ongoing, but most advanced in Choswateng Tibetan.

Linguistic and Cultural Study of the Implicit Negation in Spanish

The article considers the category of negation in Spanish as one of the most important components of its culture. Being a language universal and a fundamental category of any culture, negation realizes a great variety of communicative functions. Their study leads to a better understanding of the communicative behavior of the foreign culture representatives. The article presents different points of view on the nature of negation, by analyzing and summarizing different approaches made by different scientists all over the world to the study of this linguistic phenomenon, thus highlighting two main aspects of investigation of negation: formal (syntactical) and conceptual (communicative). When functional capacity of the category in forming negative meanings within real communicative process is studied, the importance should be given to the cognitive and pragmatic features, irrespective of the set grammar rules of negation. In this connection, the article analyzes those forms of negation which are not expressed grammatically. The author has selected and analyzed a number of speech patterns, conveying negative meanings in the process of communication and the following groups were singled out among them: affirmative exclamation, rhetorical question, ironic response. The author stresses that in spite of being manifested at all levels of the language, the implicit negation does not have any fixed marker of expression and it’s always difficult to differentiate it in the context. However, its profound study will help to understand better the communicative behavior of the foreign-language speaking participants in the dialogical interaction. The article examines the comparative aspects of the negation study at the confluence of Russian and Spanish speaking cultures, spotting the differences in the linguistic world pictures.

The ironic syllogism: A rhetorical use of unmarked questions

Rhetorical questions are an important feature of Israelite rhetoric as exemplified in the Hebrew Bible. This paper builds on scholarship regarding rhetorical questions and irony to reevaluate one form of unmarked question. Previous scholarship called it an alarmed or surprised rhetorical question, characterized by the speaker’s heightened emotional state and linked by a vav to a previous thought to which it lies in opposition. This paper argues that the construction is better understood as a rhetorical strategy, whereby the speaker takes the opinion or suggested course of action of the interlocutor and restates it as the conclusion to a syllogism, after providing premises that make the conclusion absurd. This construction is called an ironic syllogism, as the absurd conclusion is a pseudo-quote said ironically. The pseudo-quote could still be considered an unmarked conducive question since it expects a negative reply from the addressee.

LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF A RHETORICAL QESTION (BASED ON GERMAN-LANGUAGE MATERIAL)

This article presents an overview of linguistic research of rhetorical question and describes its linguistic features. Different situations of use of rhetorical questions and their connection with syntactic structures and lexical composition of the statements are identified in this article. They are supported by examples from written and spoken German-language communication. It was found out in the research that linguistic structure of rhetorical questions is very diverse and not always is an indicator of the question being rhetorical.

A New Way of Managing Drilling Required Bridging Old Divides

Drilling a well by the book has its downsides. A major downside of these plans in a PDF book format is they “do not include all the information needed to drill a well.” For those doing the work, they have the added downside of “not being formatted to match the real-time workflow.” And the plans are a one-way form of communication. “The pre-spud meeting might be the first time the driller is exposed to that well program,” said Matt Isbell, senior drilling engineering advisor for Hess who presented an alternative to that system at the 2021 IADC/SPE International Drilling Conference and Exhibition (SPE 204050). The paper coauthored by Hess, Nabors, and Halliburton described a process to replace the book with instructions and information delivered on a screen as needed while drilling. The goal was to provide a common view of the plan and the information needed to build a well for the driller and other parties working on the rig or remotely. The new digital system streamlined a process that included 20 separate documents using various templates plus multiple file-sharing sites and emails. “As the pace and complexity increases, how do we better manage this as a single system,” said Isbell. His response to the rhetorical question: “Why not just email files back and forth?” was “We believe we have reached the point where we cannot just send information back and forth in time to efficiently drill the well.” In addition to offering a step-by-step version of the plan, this resource offers a range of instructions and resources—from the well geometry and potential hazards to best practices and instructions on automated procedures. It replaces the book which was never a good problem-solving tool. “If you wanted to find out anything afterward, you had to troll though a 100-page document,” said Moray Laing, director of digital value well construction engineering for Halliburton. The paper coauthor remembers those books when he was working offshore many years ago. Halliburton helped address the technical challenge with a system it has been working on for 3 years, which is also being used by Aker, BP, and Maersk, who are working on a system for remote operating centers to manage offshore operations. Other companies, such as Schlumberger and drilling advisors Corva, are working on new ways to deliver drilling instructions which incorporate the drilling plan in the displays. What was different, and difficult, about the Hess-led effort was the collaboration to create a unified plan for the display. “The goal was a system pulling it all together, integrating a series of steps,” Laing said. He was referring to what he described as a complex well-construction plan based on Hess’ design that would be executed by Nabors. The digital well plan required Hess and Nabors to agree on how the work should be done and how that should be communicated to those building the plan. When the partners began meeting to figure out how to do that, however, they discovered some very basic differences such as differing definitions of the word “activity.”

Subjectlessness in «Solitary Thoughts» by V.V. Rozanov as a Means of Expressing the Subjective

The article examines the expression of subjectlessness in « Solitary Thoughts» by V.V. Rozanov, a work of an innovative language and genre form. The genre peculiarities of the work determine a significant number of one-part sentences that are used by the writer in the traditional language function. At the same time, the author's style is most characterized by the combination of different types of these sentences in one paragraph. A very important function of these structures in the text is the stylistic function. The reception of anaphora is based on one-part sentences; expressive antonymy in their structure; on the basis of these constructions, a rhetorical question and a language game are built; an original and unexpected metaphor; examples of the author's word creation are also noted on the basis of one-part structures. This type of sentences is also used to create an ironic effect. The methods of using one-piece structures reflect the uniqueness and originality of the artistic world of V.V. Rozanov. Subjectlessness acts as a means of expressing the intimate author's principle, deep personal experience, which has a mystical, metaphysical nature of «truly Russian, Russian element». On the basis of the explication of the leading compositional-speech dominants and the specifics of their linguistic embodiment at the syntactic level of the language, innovative fiction is represented in the work. This allows us to consider the work of V.V. Rozanov as a high example, which reflected the richest intellectual and emotional world of the author himself.