scholarly journals Discourse between the Regional and Universal Nature of the Functioning of the League of Arab States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kuchyk ◽  
Svyatoslav Vasyltsiv
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
World War ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Arab States ◽  
League Of Arab States ◽  
Second World

Discussion of the political situation in the modern Arab statehood does not take into account the participation of the League of Arab States in the debates about the inception of the UN system, which arose after the Second World War. At an early stage, this institution did not have a full-fledged universalism, and the integration cooperation of the League of Arab States was confined to a security policy framework. Subsequently, the desire to influence the nature of the ideas and institutions that would shape the United Nations was completely lost. The League of Arab States has also never been committed to the logic of the global south. However, the UN can occasionally be disavowed in the diplomatic processes of the League, which have been tactically used by member states as a channel to maximize regional influence on internal Arab challenges other than the global order. Key words: Arab League; United Nations; Middle East; North Africa; regionalism; sovereignty; universalism; security.

ON THE ROLE AND RELEVANCE OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Михаил Елизаров
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
International Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Second World

Born out of the ashes of the Second World War, the United Nations has made a major contribution to maintain international peace and security. Based on common goals, shared burdens and expenses, responsibility and accountability, the UN helped to reduce the risk of a repetition of a Word War, to reduce hunger and poverty, and promote human rights. But today, the legitimacy and credibility of the UN have been seriously undermined by the desire of some countries to act alone, abandoning multilateralism. So, do we need the UN today?

Weltmacht im Abseits

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
Second World ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

The election of Donald Trump as the 45th President of the United States surprised the world and aroused great anxiety. His ‘America First’ rhetoric had already fuelled concerns that his presidency would be radical during the presidential election campaign in 2016. Above all, it seemed to cast doubt on the US’ claim to global leadership, which was regarded as the foundation of the global order that the US had helped to form since the Second World War. From both an internal and external perspective, this book examines the social, institutional and international reasons for the USA’s foreign and security policy under Trump. With contributions by Hakan Akbulut, Florian Böller, Andreas Falke, Gerlinde Groitl, Steffen Hagemann, Lukas D. Herr, Gerhard Mangott, Marcus Müller, Sonja Thielges, Charlotte Unger and Jürgen Wilzewski.

European Industrial Policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 593-620
Author(s):  
Patrizio Bianchi ◽  
Sandrine Labory
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
World War ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines industrial policy implemented in European countries across time, especially after the Second World War and in recent years. It briefly shows that industrialization never occurs without strong supporting industrial policy to provide the enabling conditions for the deep structural changes involved, such as infrastructure and capabilities, especially human capital. Industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is associated with the creation and consolidation of nation states, leading to national perspectives on industrial development and industrial policy, at the expense of regional imbalances. After the Second World War, three phases of industrial policy take place: strong and selective intervention in the first three decades of the period, market-led approaches in the 1980s and 1990s, and a more pragmatic approach at the turn of the century, where deep structural changes require industrial and institutional adjustments. With globalization and the emerging new technological paradigm of Industry 4.0, innovation and skills, as well as the territorial roots of industrial development, seem to be important aspects of industrial policy today. The chapter also argues that the multilevel governance policy framework has to adapt to current disruptions, particularly in Europe.

Smoke and Mirrors: Globalized Terrorism and the Illusion of Multilateral Security

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-526
Author(s):  
Navin A. Bapat
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
World War ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Rapid Responses ◽  
Ballistic Missile Defense ◽  
Second World

Smoke and Mirrors: Globalized Terrorism and the Illusion of Multilateral Security, Frank P. Harvey, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004, p. x, 345.Following the second Gulf War, international observers were quick to criticize the unilateral behaviour of the United States. Without a UN mandate, the allies had undermined the very institution they had created to foster multilateralism following the Second World War. Yet, Frank Harvey makes the case that not only is unilateralism the new trend in American foreign policy, it is desirable in an age of terrorism and nuclear proliferation. Harvey begins by scrutinizing the foundations of multilateralism and their applicability to the post 9/11 world. He concludes that not only is the higher moral ground associated with multilateralism a fallacy, but that multilateralism can be dangerous in an era where rapid responses to security threats are needed. To justify his conclusions, Harvey examines both the buildup to the 2003 Iraq conflict and the issue of Ballistic Missile Defense. He concludes with an analysis of future U.S. and Canadian security policy.

United Nations Use of Mass Communications in Korea, 1950–1951

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
Leon Gordenker
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mass Communications ◽  
World War ◽  
North And South ◽  
Second World

In divided Korea before the hostilities of June 1950, the thirty-eighth parallel marked a break in communications almost as sharp as the political separation. No direct diplomatic channels have existed between north and south since the second World War.

Asian sub-continent Repatriation of 250,000 persons

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (157) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Review ◽  
World War ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
Second World

From September 1973 to March 1974, more than 250,000 persons have been moved from one side of the Asian sub-continent to the other in a vast operation involving the extensive co-operation of the ICRC. It was possible for this repatriation operation to be carried out only through the positive stand adopted by the three countries concerned and the co-operation shown by Switzerland, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the ICRC. Since the end of the Second World War, this is the most extensive repatriation operation undertaken by the ICRC, and its sheer size compels us to give in the pages that follow a summarized account of what has been accomplished. The relief efforts, though of considerable magnitude, undertaken by the ICRC since 1971 in support of prisoners, internees and civilians in the Asian sub-continent, will not be touched upon here, as they have been mentioned on several occasions in past issues of the International Review.

scholarly journals Acceptance and adoption of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of trust in politics and trust in science

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Dohle ◽  
Tobias Wingen ◽  
Mike Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
World War ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Total N ◽  
Second World

The United Nations have described the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as the worst global crisis since the second world war. Behavioral protective measures, such as good hand hygiene and social distancing, may strongly affect infection and fatality rates worldwide. In two studies (total N = 962), we aimed to identify central predictors of acceptance and adoption of protective measures, including sociodemographic variables, risk perception, and trust. We found that men and younger participants show lower acceptance and adoption of protective measures, suggesting that it is crucial to develop targeted health messages for these groups. Moreover, trust in politics and trust in science emerged as important predictors for the acceptance and adoption of protective measures. These results show that maintaining and ideally strengthening trust in politics and trust in science might be central for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals International bureaucracy and the United Nations system

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svanhildur Thorvaldsdottir ◽  
Ronny Patz ◽  
Steffen Eckhard
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
International Bureaucracy ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Second World ◽  
Nations System

Built on the administrative system of the League of Nations, since the Second World War, the United Nations has grown into a sizeable, complex and multilevel system of several dozen international bureaucracies. Outside of a brief period in the 1980s, and despite growing scholarship on international public administrations over the past two decades, there have been few publications in the International Review of Administrative Sciences on the evolution of the United Nations system and its many public administrations. The special issue ‘International Bureaucracy and the United Nations System’ aims to encourage renewed scholarly focus on this global level of public administration. This introduction makes the case for why studying the United Nations’ bureaucracies matters from a public administration perspective, takes stock of key literature and discusses how the seven articles contribute to key substantive and methodological advancements in studying the administrations of the United Nations system.

scholarly journals History Issues and Japan’s Bid for Permanent Membership in the UN Security Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Karol Żakowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Un Reform ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World ◽  
States History

The article examines the impact of history problems on Japan’s long-lasting efforts to gain permanent membership in the United Nations (UN) Security Council. It analyzes both the domestic stimuli behind Tokyo’s stance on the UN reform and the external constraints on the UN Security Council enlargement. It is argued that while problems with Japan’s bid for permanent membership in the UN Security Council stemmed mainly from divergent interests of member states, history issues constituted an additional obstacle that weakened Tokyo’s position in negotiations on the UN reform. The discourse on lack of repentance by Japan for the atrocities committed during the Second World War was instrumentally used by the country’s rivals, mainly China and South Korea, all in the effort to hinder Tokyo’s efforts on the international arena.

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