Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases (part 1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
N. V. Volkova ◽  
A. V. Solntseva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are common autoimmune diseases, and their prevalence assessed as 5 % of general population. Currently, selective immunosuppressive agents for pathogenetic treatment of autoimmune pathology are being developed. Vitamin D with the known anti­inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, is also of great interest. The first part of the article reviews the roles of various immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which is necessary to reveal the therapeutic potential of calcitriol in these disorders. Classically, AIT was considered to be mediated by T­helpers type 1 (Th1), and GD — by T­helpers type 2 (Th2). This misunderstanding was based on the idea that humoral immunity is controlled by Th2 cytokines, and cellular immunity — by Th1. In the past decades, the role of new subsets of immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases is being studied, displacing the traditional paradigm of Th1/Th2 dichotomy. It has been established that T­helpers type 17 (Th17) play an important role in the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, previously classified as Th1­dependent pathologies. The involvement of T­ and B­regulatory lymphocytes in the autoimmune process is also of particular interest. It was found that these cells accumulate in inflamed thyroid tissue in patients with thyroid pathology, but they are unable to suppress the immune response effectively. Further research will help to find out which immune cells can become targets for vitamin D agonists in the complex treatment of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases - a Review

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Mariya Zh. Miteva ◽  
Boyan I. Nonchev ◽  
Maria M. Orbetzova ◽  
Snejana D. Stoencheva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
The Impact

The essential biological action of vitamin D is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and preserving bone health. In recent years there have been reports about the extraskeletal actions of vitamin D and its role in the regulation of immune system. Vitamin D supplementation appears to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infections and be able to reduce all-cause mortality. Deficiency of vitamin D has been found to correlate with the increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are relatively common autoimmune disorders affecting more than 5% of general population. It has been shown that vitamin D receptors (VDR) and 1-alpha hydroxylase are expressed in papillary thyroid cancer and normal thyroid tissue, suggesting local synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D in the thyroid. While VDR gene polymorphism has been found in much research to be associated with AITDs, very few studies have examined the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of AITDs in humans with conflicting results. This review focuses on the association between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases and summarizes the results of vitamin D supplementation studies in patients with AITD.

RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASES

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulbuz Sezgin ◽  
M. Esref Ozer ◽  
Oya Uygur Bayramicli ◽  
A. Melih Ozel ◽  
Fehime Aksungar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals The prevalence of autoimmune endocrine diseases in vitiligo patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
E. A. Troshina ◽  
V. A. Volnukhin ◽  
V. A. Petrov ◽  
N. F. Nuralieva ◽  
M. Yu. Yukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Endocrine Diseases ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
History Of

Vitiligo is a common polygenic autoimmune disease in which the foci of depigmentation are formed on the skin and/or mucous membranes as a result of the death of melanocytes. There are several hypotheses for the pathogenesis of the disease, the leading role among them is played the autoimmune hypothesis. This review summarizes the available literature data on the prevalence and structure of comorbid endocrine autoimmune pathology in vitiligo patients. In most studies conducted in Europe, America and Asia the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (including autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves disease), diabetes mellitus and autoimmune adrenal insufficiency was higher in vitiligo patients than in the general population. The results of some studies indicate a frequent association of vitiligo with autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. In the structure of comorbid pathology the highest prevalence was in autoimmune thyroid diseases. A number of studies have established a higher prevalence of autoimmune endocrine diseases in women, as well as in nonsegmental vitiligo patients and in cases of family history of vitiligo and/or other autoimmune diseases. In addition, it was shown that the prevalence of endocrine diseases increases with increasing area of depigmentation. The data obtained justify the advisability of conducting a timely examination of vitiligo patients with the aim of early detection of comorbid diseases and the appointment of appropriate treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of the identified associations on the course of vitiligo and comorbid endocrinopathies, as well as the effectiveness of therapy and the quality of life of patients.

Is vitamin D a player or not in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases?

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica D'Aurizio ◽  
Danilo Villalta ◽  
Paolo Metus ◽  
Paolo Doretto ◽  
Renato Tozzoli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid
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