scholarly journals Vitamin D and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases - a Review

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Mariya Zh. Miteva ◽  
Boyan I. Nonchev ◽  
Maria M. Orbetzova ◽  
Snejana D. Stoencheva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
The Impact

The essential biological action of vitamin D is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and preserving bone health. In recent years there have been reports about the extraskeletal actions of vitamin D and its role in the regulation of immune system. Vitamin D supplementation appears to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infections and be able to reduce all-cause mortality. Deficiency of vitamin D has been found to correlate with the increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are relatively common autoimmune disorders affecting more than 5% of general population. It has been shown that vitamin D receptors (VDR) and 1-alpha hydroxylase are expressed in papillary thyroid cancer and normal thyroid tissue, suggesting local synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D in the thyroid. While VDR gene polymorphism has been found in much research to be associated with AITDs, very few studies have examined the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the incidence of AITDs in humans with conflicting results. This review focuses on the association between vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases and summarizes the results of vitamin D supplementation studies in patients with AITD.

Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases (part 1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
N. V. Volkova ◽  
A. V. Solntseva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Autoimmune Pathology

Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and Graves’ disease (GD) are common autoimmune diseases, and their prevalence assessed as 5 % of general population. Currently, selective immunosuppressive agents for pathogenetic treatment of autoimmune pathology are being developed. Vitamin D with the known anti­inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, is also of great interest. The first part of the article reviews the roles of various immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases, which is necessary to reveal the therapeutic potential of calcitriol in these disorders. Classically, AIT was considered to be mediated by T­helpers type 1 (Th1), and GD — by T­helpers type 2 (Th2). This misunderstanding was based on the idea that humoral immunity is controlled by Th2 cytokines, and cellular immunity — by Th1. In the past decades, the role of new subsets of immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases is being studied, displacing the traditional paradigm of Th1/Th2 dichotomy. It has been established that T­helpers type 17 (Th17) play an important role in the development of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, previously classified as Th1­dependent pathologies. The involvement of T­ and B­regulatory lymphocytes in the autoimmune process is also of particular interest. It was found that these cells accumulate in inflamed thyroid tissue in patients with thyroid pathology, but they are unable to suppress the immune response effectively. Further research will help to find out which immune cells can become targets for vitamin D agonists in the complex treatment of autoimmune diseases.

scholarly journals To Supplement or not to Supplement? The Rationale of Vitamin D Supplementation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Nerviani ◽  
Daniele Mauro ◽  
Michele Gilio ◽  
Rosa Daniela Grembiale ◽  
Myles J. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by abnormal activation of the immune system, chronic inflammation and organ damage. Lupus patients are more prone to be vitamin D deficient. However, current evidence is not conclusive with regards to the role played by vitamin D in SLE development, progression, and clinical manifestations. Objective: Here, we will summarise the current knowledge about vitamin D deficiency prevalence, risk factors, molecular effects, and potential pathogenic role in SLE. We will focus on the link between vitamin D deficiency and lupus clinical manifestations, and on the clinical trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation in SLE. Method: A detailed literature search was performed exploiting the available databases, using “vitamin D and lupus/SLE” as keywords. The relevant interventional trials published over the last decade have been considered and the results are reported here. Conclusion: Several immune cells express vitamin D receptors. Thus, an immunomodulatory role for vitamin D in lupus is plausible. Numerous observational studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels and clinical/serological manifestations of SLE with contrasting results. Negative correlations between vitamin D levels and disease activity, fatigue, renal and cardiovascular disease, and anti-dsDNA titres have been described but not conclusively accepted. In experimental models of lupus, vitamin D supplementation can improve the disease. Interventional trials have assessed the potential therapeutic value of vitamin D in SLE, but further larger studies are needed.

RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASES

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulbuz Sezgin ◽  
M. Esref Ozer ◽  
Oya Uygur Bayramicli ◽  
A. Melih Ozel ◽  
Fehime Aksungar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Immunological Mechanisms of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Shift in The Traditional TH1/TH2 Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Tatjana Zaķe ◽  
Sandra Skuja ◽  
Aivars Lejnieks ◽  
Valērija Groma ◽  
Ilze Konrāde
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Th17 Lymphocytes ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Thyroid Autoantigens ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) mainly include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and Graves’ disease (GD), which are characterised by the presence of circulating antibodies against various thyroid autoantigens and infiltration of the thyroid gland by autoreactive lymphocytes. Despite the significant advancement in the knowledge of AITD pathogenesis in the last decade, the specific immunological mechanisms responsible for development of the disease are not thoroughly understood. Classically, HT has long been considered as a T helper (Th)1-mediated disease, while a Th2-driven autoimmune response is dominant for GD development. However, this classification has changed due to the description of Th17 lymphocytes, which suggested participation of these cells in AITD, particularly HT pathogenesis. Moreover, a shift in the balance between Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells has been observed in thyroid autoimmunity. We have observed overexpression of IL-17, the prominent effector cytokine of Th17, within thyroid tissues from HT and GD patients in our studies. The present review will focus on recent data regarding the role of Treg and Th17 lymphocytes in AITD pathogenesis. In addition, the impact and proposed mechanisms of the predominant environmental factors triggering the autoimmune response to the thyroid will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Human Microbiota in Endocrinology: Implications for Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prognosis in Thyroid Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Docimo ◽  
Angelo Cangiano ◽  
Roberto Maria Romano ◽  
Marcello Filograna Pignatelli ◽  
Chiara Offi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Human Microbiota ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
The Impact

The human microbiota is an integral component in the maintenance of health and of the immune system. Microbiome-wide association studies have found numerous diseases associated to dysbiosis. Studies are needed to move beyond correlations and begin to address causation. Autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) are one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders with an increasing prevalence, higher than 5% worldwide. Most frequent manifestations of ATD are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. The exact etiology of ATD remains unknown. Until now it is not clear whether bacterial infections can trigger ATD or modulate the efficacy of treatment and prognosis. The aim of our review is to characterize the microbiota and in ATD and to evaluate the impact of dysbiosis on treatment and prognosis. Moreover, variation of gut microbiome has been associated with thyroid cancer and benign nodules. Here we will characterize the microbioma in benign thyroid nodules, and papillary thyroid cancer to evaluate their implications in the pathophysiology and progression.

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