scholarly journals ISS - a Platform for Developing a System for Hypogravitational Disturbances Countermeasures in Interplanetary Missions

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Elena V. Fomina ◽  
◽  
Natalya A. Senatorova ◽  
Viktoriya V. Kirichenko ◽  
Ivan V. Vagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
The State ◽  
Range Space ◽  
Medical Safety ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Interplanetary Missions

The paper contains modern understanding of gravity-dependent changes in human body systems that occur during space flight and of modern problems, the solution of which will bring humanity closer to ensuring medical safety in interplanetary missions. Particular consideration is given to the state of the systems limiting physical performance, which is a factor that largely determines the success of planetary activities in ultra-long-range space flights. Hypogravitational disturbances countermeasures used on the ISS are described, with emphasis on some features that are specific to the ISS partners. Prospects for development of countermeasures for hypogravitational disorders in interplanetary missions are considered.

International cooperation in isolation studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
А.Р. Куссмауль
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Space Flights

Изоляционные эксперименты, предоставляющие возможность изучения действия факторов космического полета на организм и отработки технологий для использования на борту космических кораблей, космических и напланетных станций, также являются платформой для эффективной международной кооперации. Координация усилий приводит к взаимообогащению сторон (знания, опыт, технические, финансовые и методические возможности сторон) и дает возможность повысить эффективность проводимых исследований. Такое сотрудничество позволит обеспечить жизнедеятельность человека в дальних космических полетах и сделать возможной широкую коммерциализацию космических технологий. Isolation experiments providing an opportunity to study the effects of space flight factors on human body and to develop technologies for use on board spacecraft, space and planetary stations serve also as a platform for international cooperation. Coordination of efforts leads to mutual enrichment (knowledge, experience, technical, financial and methodological capabilities of parties) and increase the effectiveness of research. Such cooperation will ensure the human life being in long-distance space flights and widespread commercialization of space technology.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional Changes in Peripheral Immune Organs in Space Flight and Weightlessness Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
A. A. Kordenko ◽  
V. V. Shishkina ◽  
A. N. Kordenko ◽  
D. A. Atyakshin ◽  
D. A. Sokolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Prolonged Stay ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

Currently, there are many studies devoted to the problems of immunity in space flights. It has been proven that both short-term and long-term stay in space significantly reduces the immune function of the body. There are cases of the development of infectious diseases in astronauts during the flight, there is evidence of an increase in the activity of viruses and microorganisms that can affect the health of crew members. In the light of the upcoming expedition to Mars, it is especially important to study exactly what changes in the immune system can be triggered by prolonged stay in zero gravity and other factors of space flight and what preventive measures can help preserve the health of astronauts both during the flight itself and after its completion. The state of the immune system in space has been studied at various levels, from molecular to organ. There was a change in the morphological parameters of the immune system organs, violations of the ratio of their morpho-functional zones, and cellular composition. Various disorders in signaling pathways of differentiation, activation and death of immune system cells are shown. One of the most studied topics is the decrease in the activity of T-lymphocytes recorded by many researchers, however, even in this matter, the mechanisms of the violations occurring and their connection with the conditions of space flight have not been fully clarified. The relevance of methods for modeling microgravity conditions, such as various types of hanging, rotation on a clinostat, and immobilization is due both to their greater availability for research compared to space flights, and the importance of studying the role of various factors associated with flight in changes occurring in the human and animal bodies. This article presents an overview of publications devoted to a wide range of issues related to the state of the immune system in space flights and ground simulation conditions and attempts to combine the results of various levels of research – molecular, cellular and morphological.

Standardization of Equipment and Methods of Medical Control in Manned Space Flights and Issues of Telemedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
L.B. Strogonova ◽  
◽  
Yu.A. Vasin ◽  
R.A. Gardunio ◽  
A.N. Knyazev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Flight ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Space Technology ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Medical Control ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Manned Space Flights

Since April 1961, all manned space flights have been accompanied by medical control ensuring flight safety. Medical control in space flight has a technological and medical methodology that allows, at a distance from medical specialists, to make an adequate medical decision for the current situation. This work would be impossible if there were no measures taken to unify and standardize equipment and techniques. Telemedicine technologies developed on the basis of flight medical control. The origin of the word telemedicine comes from the expression «telemetric medical information», adopted in space technology. The issues of mutual development and mutual enrichment, standardization of methods and equipment of two areas of medicine, medical control in extreme situations and general telemedicine are considered in this article.

scholarly journals Wavelet introscopy of human organism bionets

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Gennady M. Aldonin ◽  
◽  
Vasily V. Cherepanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
The Creation

In domestic and foreign practice, a great deal of experience has been accumulated in the creation of means for monitoring the functional state of the human body. The existing complexes mainly analyze the electrocardiogram, blood pressure and a number of other physiological parameters. Diagnostics is often based on formal statistical data which are not always correct due to the nonstationarity of bioprocesses and without taking into account their physical nature. An urgent task of monitoring the state of the cardiovascular system is the creation of effective algorithms for computer technologies to process biosignals based on nonlinear dynamic models of body systems since biosystems and bioprocesses have a nonlinear nature and fractal structure. The nervous and muscular systems of the heart, the vascular and bronchial systems of the human body are examples of such structures. The connection of body systems with their organization in the form of self-similar fractal structures with scaling close to the “golden ratio” makes it possible to diagnose them topically. It is possible to obtain detailed information about the state of the human body’s bio-networks for topical diagnostics on the basis of the wavelet analysis of biosignals (the so-called wavelet-introscopy). With the help of wavelet transform, it is possible to reveal the structure of biosystems and bioprocesses, as a picture of the lines of local extrema of wavelet diagrams of biosignals. Mathematical models and software for wavelet introscopy make it possible to extract additional information from biosignals about the state of biosystems. Early detection of latent forms of diseases using wavelet introscopy can shorten the cure time and reduce the consequences of disorders of the functional state of the body (FSO), and reduce the risk of disability. Taking into account the factors of organizing the body’s biosystems in the form of self-similar fractal structures with a scaling close to the “golden ratio” makes it possible to create a technique for topical diagnostics of the most important biosystems of the human body.

scholarly journals Private space flights: legal regulation in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Оleksandr Zadorozhny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
The Usa

The emergence of demand for space travel, the emergence of commercial enterprises and travel agencies in the space industry,the development of vehicles designed exclusively for transporting tourists into space – all this suggests that space may soon turn froma scientific object into a common destination. Therefore, today the legal regulation of private space flights is a promising issue, giventhat there is no such legislation in Ukraine. We turn to the analysis of the legislation of the United States of America to assess whatarray of regulations we will have to master if we want to develop private space flights at home.A private space flight is a space flight or development of space flight technology that is conducted and paid for by an entity otherthan a government agency. Depending on the purpose, private space flights are divided into flights for the purpose of transportation ofcargoes, and flights within the framework of space tourism.The article presents an overview and analysis of the legislation of the USA regulating private space flights, in particular, flightsfor the purpose of transportation of cargoes, and flights in the framework of space tourism. The author highlights a chronological formationof the commercialization of space, which clearly shows the gradual transition of the United States from a complete reluctanceto allow private space flights to the recognition of the indisputable economic feasibility of such activities. A significant shift in this areahas taken place since 2015, when five directives on space policy, the National Space Strategy and orders on the exploration, extractionand use of space resources were adopted.The author analyzes the main sources of space law in the United States. It was found that mostly, the legislation does not keepup with innovations in the commercialization of space, thus, there is a situation when first comes a relationship (flight of a tourist orcargo into space), and then – the legislative regulation of such relations.

Long-range space objectives

Eos ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 65 (41) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
L. J. Lanzerotti
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Range Space

To Poikilon (Plato, Alfarabi, Aristotle)

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-181
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Bennington
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The State ◽  
The One

Plato’s characterisation of democracy in terms of to poikilon (multiplicity, variegation, motley) is rehearsed, reinforced with reference to Alfarabi, and shown to persist in contemporary thinkers such as Badiou. The persistent analogy between the State and the human body, in Plato and beyond, is shown to be tendentially incoherent, and its incoherence stressed. Aristotle’s more hospitable treatment of motifs of multiplicity and diversity is explored, and his apparent belief in the superiority of Absolute Monarchy or the One Best Man is shown, contra Derrida, to rely on an unduly hasty reading of the Politics. Rather, the One Best Man’s affinity with the undecidable pair of Beast and God introduces a complication into the structure of sovereignty that is read against Heidegger’s understanding of a line in Sophocles’ Antigone that Derrida strangely ignores.

A Visual Comparison of Psychological Profiles between Able-Bodied and Wheelchair Athletes

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Henschen ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Ron French
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The State ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Mental Skills ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Wheelchair Athletes

The purpose of this study was to visually compare the psychological profile of 33 male wheelchair athletes who competed in track and field events, with previous results of able-bodied athletes. Based on the data gathered using the Profile of Mood States and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory the wheelchair athletes demonstrated a profile similar to that of able-bodied athletes. This finding was discussed in terms of mental skills that may be developed by wheelchair athletes because of their injuries, possible influence of medication, and higher level of demonstrated anger.Considering that the human body is made for movement, it is a universally accepted fact that sports are one of the activities that are extremely healthy for man. Unlike the machines invented by man, the human machine deteriorates with inactivity. (Monnazzi, 1982, p. 85)

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