scholarly journals Private space flights: legal regulation in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Оleksandr Zadorozhny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
The Usa

The emergence of demand for space travel, the emergence of commercial enterprises and travel agencies in the space industry,the development of vehicles designed exclusively for transporting tourists into space – all this suggests that space may soon turn froma scientific object into a common destination. Therefore, today the legal regulation of private space flights is a promising issue, giventhat there is no such legislation in Ukraine. We turn to the analysis of the legislation of the United States of America to assess whatarray of regulations we will have to master if we want to develop private space flights at home.A private space flight is a space flight or development of space flight technology that is conducted and paid for by an entity otherthan a government agency. Depending on the purpose, private space flights are divided into flights for the purpose of transportation ofcargoes, and flights within the framework of space tourism.The article presents an overview and analysis of the legislation of the USA regulating private space flights, in particular, flightsfor the purpose of transportation of cargoes, and flights in the framework of space tourism. The author highlights a chronological formationof the commercialization of space, which clearly shows the gradual transition of the United States from a complete reluctanceto allow private space flights to the recognition of the indisputable economic feasibility of such activities. A significant shift in this areahas taken place since 2015, when five directives on space policy, the National Space Strategy and orders on the exploration, extractionand use of space resources were adopted.The author analyzes the main sources of space law in the United States. It was found that mostly, the legislation does not keepup with innovations in the commercialization of space, thus, there is a situation when first comes a relationship (flight of a tourist orcargo into space), and then – the legislative regulation of such relations.

scholarly journals Private space flights: legal regulation in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 382-388
Author(s):  
Оleksandr Zadorozhny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
The Usa

The emergence of demand for space travel, the emergence of commercial enterprises and travel agencies in the space industry,the development of vehicles designed exclusively for transporting tourists into space – all this suggests that space may soon turn froma scientific object into a common destination. Therefore, today the legal regulation of private space flights is a promising issue, giventhat there is no such legislation in Ukraine. We turn to the analysis of the legislation of the United States of America to assess whatarray of regulations we will have to master if we want to develop private space flights at home.A private space flight is a space flight or development of space flight technology that is conducted and paid for by an entity otherthan a government agency. Depending on the purpose, private space flights are divided into flights for the purpose of transportation ofcargoes, and flights within the framework of space tourism.The article presents an overview and analysis of the legislation of the USA regulating private space flights, in particular, flightsfor the purpose of transportation of cargoes, and flights in the framework of space tourism. The author highlights a chronological formationof the commercialization of space, which clearly shows the gradual transition of the United States from a complete reluctanceto allow private space flights to the recognition of the indisputable economic feasibility of such activities. A significant shift in this areahas taken place since 2015, when five directives on space policy, the National Space Strategy and orders on the exploration, extractionand use of space resources were adopted.The author analyzes the main sources of space law in the United States. It was found that mostly, the legislation does not keepup with innovations in the commercialization of space, thus, there is a situation when first comes a relationship (flight of a tourist orcargo into space), and then – the legislative regulation of such relations.

scholarly journals Az atomerőművek üzemidejének meghosszabbítása az Egyesült Államokban és Magyarországon

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (28) ◽  
pp. 344-375
Author(s):  
Anita Paulovics
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
The Usa

This paper is about the legal regulation of the extension of the operation time of nuclear power plants.  In Hungary the most important document in this respect has been the National Energy Strategy analyzed in the paper. In Hungary, the legal regulation of the extension of the time limit of the operation-permit of nuclear power plants is modelled on that of the United States. For this reason, the paper examines the rules in force in the USA on the extension of the operation time.  It could be of interest for several European countries considering to extend the operation time of their nuclear power plants.

scholarly journals Features of Measures to Prevent Fraud Committed by Women: the Experience of Ukraine, the EU Countries and the United States

Dixi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Viktoria Babanina
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes approaches to the prevention of female fraud in order to identify the best ways to combat fraud committed by women. Theoretical approaches to the measures to prevent crimes committed by women, in particular, female fraud were examined. Peculiarities of the legal regulation of the prevention of female fraud in Ukraine have been studied. The conclusion was made about the insufficiency of normative acts aimed at combating female fraud in Ukraine. In addition, the investigation revealed that measures taken in Ukraine to prevent female fraud were poor and insufficient. In parallel, the experience of the EU countries and the USA in the prevention of female fraud was analyzed in the article. The programs and methods of prevention of crimes committed by women in the USA and the EU have been studied. Based on this analysis, proposals to improve approaches to the prevention of female crime, in particular, female fraud, have been developed. In particular, the conclusion was made that preventive work among the population as well as creation of special programs to work with women would be relevant.

scholarly journals GENOMIC RESEARCH LEGAL REGULATION SYSTEM: EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND THE USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-564
Author(s):  
Emil V. Alimov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article is devoted to the analysis of the genomic research legal regulation in the Russian Federation and the USA. In the United States, in addition to the legislation great importance is attached to medical and scientific institutions self-regulation, and such information is usually open. It is concluded that in Russia, despite the presence of both state and non-state scientific institutions engaged in genomic research, the mechanism of self-regulation as a whole is fragmented. It is also noted that Russia and the United States have specific legal regulation of these relations, which is reflected in the text of the article. For example, in the United States, unlike Russia, most organizations conducting genomic research, including genomic testing, are non-governmental. Currently, the general trend in the legal regulation of genomic research in Russia and the USA is the active development of normative legal regulation. Moreover, a significant difference in the approaches of these countries is the active role of the US states in the development of regional legal regulation on these issues. Despite the fact that Russia is a federal state, the subjects of the Russian Federation are significantly limited in the genomic research legal regulation possibilities. This is largely due to both legal and political reasons that were given in this article. In the United States, a number of statutes have been adopted at the state level that regulate genomic research in such aspects as health insurance, confidential of personal information, the prohibition of discrimination, screening of newborns, and certain types of clinical and scientific research. It should be noted that the genomic research regulation in the United States is not integrated into a single national consolidated act, which is a feature of this legal system. A comparative legal study of the fundamentals of legal regulation and self-regulation of genomic research in Russia and the USA made it possible to understand the specifics of regulation of these issues in different legal systems. The positive regulatory experience in conducting genomic research in the United States can be used to improve the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in this area.

scholarly journals Sources of Legal Regulation of Mergers, Acquisitions, Consolidations, Joint Stock Companies in Russia and Corporations in the United States

2015 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
S. E. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

The article outlines general characteristics of the sources of law, regulating relations associated with mergers, consolidations, acquisitions of joint stock companies in Russia and corporations in the United States respectively in the Russian legislation and the legislation of the United States and individual States. Both in Russia and in the USA there is a constitutional separation of powers between the Federal authorities and the Subjects of the Federation/States respectively. In both countries legal regulation of mergers and acquisitions of corporations is carried out first of all by a number of laws. These laws fall into three main groups: securities laws, antitrust (competition) laws and civil and joint-stock legislation in Russia and corporate laws in the US. All the three groups are federal laws in Russia, while in the US the first two are federal too, but the last one is state laws. It is necessary to highlight the important role of judicial decisions in the United States on legal regulation of mergers, acquisitions, takeovers in comparison with Russia, which is due to the differences in the legal systems of the states in question. However, although Russia is not a state of case law, such legal acts as the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Commercial Court will undoubtedly have an impact on law enforcement practice and, consequently, on the regulation of relevant relations. Of particular importance are the findings of the Constitutional Court, whose decisions may cancel acts or their separate provisions provided they are recognized as unconstitutional. Such acts are repealed. Decisions of courts and other bodies based on acts or their separate provisions, recognized by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation unconstitutional, are not subject to execution and shall be revised in accordance with the Federal law. The US case law implies existence of a hierarchy of precedents according to which decisions adopted by the higher courts are binding for cases adjudicated in lower courts. Judicial decisions have a major impact on the regulation of mergers and acquisitions of corporations, in particular, the state corporate Laws. The article analyses the main similarities and differences of sources of legal regulation of mergers, consolidations, acquisitions of joint stock companies in Russia and corporations in the United States.

scholarly journals PUBLIC LAW MEANS AGAINST THE UNFAIR COMPETITION: ASPECTS OF RUSSIA AND THE USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Сергей Кубанцев ◽  
Sergey Kubantsev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Usa

The issues of the legal regulation of social relations in the sphere of counteraction of unfair competition are raised in present article. The author outlines the legislative tools which are used in Russia and the United States for the regulation of liability for such acts. Also the author identifies the similar and different ways of legal regulation of these social relations. In this context the most relevant fact is the fact that the legal regulation of these issues in the United States started in the beginning of XX century, and the Russian legislator started to learn them only in the end of XX century. The purpose of the present article is to study the antitrust laws of Russia and the USA; to identify the features of the historical development of legal provisions in this field; to make a comparison of the administrative and penal sanctions on persons violating the rules of fair competition, but not only in a view of the responsibility, but in context of the prevention of such offences; to make a comparative analysis of definitions and levels of responsibility for violations in this sphere. The set of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used during preparing of this article: the dialectical method, the method of analysis and synthesis, logical method, method of comparative law, sociological, historical, formal-logical and other scientific methods. The study was made not only on the basis of the standard manual but also the case law of the higher judiciary. At the end of the study the author comes to the conclusion on necessity of the improvement of legislation in the field of counteraction of unfair competition, in particular in the direction of the creation of the criminal liability institute for legal persons in Russian legislation and the development of the concept of penetration under the corporate veil in the public legal sectors.

scholarly journals Bankruptcy Procedure for Individuals in Russia and the USA: Comparative Legal Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (64) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Boltenkova ◽  
Vladimir S. Sinenko ◽  
Sergey A. Rubanov ◽  
Oksana S. Lilikova ◽  
Aleksey Yu. Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bankruptcy Procedure ◽  
Russian Law

Bankruptcy is the legitimate procedure by which monetarily troubled firms, people, and sporadically governments settle their obligations. The insolvency procedure for firms assumes a focal job in financial aspects, since rivalry drives the most wasteful firms bankrupt, subsequently raising the normal proficiency level of those remaining. This study provides a comparative analysis of the most significant aspects of bankruptcy for individuals in Russia and the United States. The objective of the study was to determine the conditions involved in declaring a citizen insolvent in US and Russian law, for which we studied the ways of filing applications in these countries, as well as some methods of abuse by creditors that reduce the effectiveness of the bankruptcy institu-tion, and the ways to minimize them. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals were made to improve the legislation that governs people's bankruptcy. These proposals are based on the positive experience of the United States in the field of legal regulation of insolvency institutions.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE LEGAL INSTITUTION OF SELF-DEFENSE IN THE USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Тимур Шаяхметов ◽  
Timur Shayakhmetov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Legal Institution ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Protection

This article reviews the development of the legal institution of self-protection in the criminal law of the United States and its lawenforcement practice. The problems of the two-level division of criminal legislation on the illegal self-defense and legal regulation in the field of defense in the territory of the home and private property are viewed in the paper. On the examples of precedent decisions of highest judicial bodies of US on the affairs with the circumstances of self-defense the conditions of validity of the use of deadly opposition in relation to the offender, as well as other legal aspects of self-defense are analyzed. A brief overview of the main trends of the evolution of the United States legislation on the considered institute is given. In the conclusion of this work the strong and weak points of the existing regulatory framework of the right to self-defense in the United States are shown, as well as an assessment of its application in practice.

scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF MARRIAGE IN FACT IN RUSSIA AND THE USA

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Анна Назарова ◽  
Anna Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Us States ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

This article is devoted to the analysis of legal regulation of marriage in fact in the Russian Federation and the United States. The purpose of this work is due to an increase in the number of marriage in fact and as a consequence the need for legal regulation of these relations. For a comprehensive study the author uses comparative legal method that takes into account the experience of not only Russia, but also foreign states. The author examines the legal regulation of marriage in fact in Russia and the United States; defines the legal norms, which is applied for the regulation of relations between the actual spouses, current Russian legislation and the legislation of the states of the USA. In the issue the researcher comes to the conclusion that neither in Russia, nor in the US states in the regulation of marriage in fact, special marriage and family provisions are not applied. At the same time the factual spouses are under legal protection. In Russia, the legal regulation of the relations developing between the actual spouses, no different from the regulation of corresponding relations of other persons. In some US states the actual spouses have special rights and duties, the scope of which is substantially less than the amount of the rights and duties of legal spouses.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND THE USA ON THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE INTERNAL LABOR ORDER AND THE WAY OF ITS LENDING FOR UKRAINE

Social Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Padalka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Domestic Labor ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Labor Regulations ◽  
The Usa

The article analyzes the peculiarities of foreign experience of legal regulation of domestic labor regulations. The specifics of legal regulation of domestic labor regulations in European countries and in the USA are investigated.The ways of borrowing positive foreign experience in the national labor legislation are indicated. Emphasis is placed on the experience of Germany in the regulation of internal labor regulations: 1) a clear consolidation of the rights and responsibilities of employees and employers at a centralized level; 2) implementation of the principle of “mutual trust” of the employee and the employer in the legislation; 3) use of consultations with employee representative bodies in approving internal labor rules; 4) imposing a ban on posting orders on the bulletin board containing the names of employees and the nature of their violations of internal labor rules.In addition, there is an example of France, where for the first time among all other European countries the principle of "bilateral cooperation" ("laissez fair, laissez passer") was enshrined, which limits the state's participation in the economic life of the employer, but provides basic guarantees for the protection of workers' labor rights in this case. their violations. It is also interesting that, within the framework of internal labor regulations, the French legislator introduces the concept of "effective working time", and there is a so-called "compulsory period" during which an employee, without being in the permanent and immediate disposal of the employer, is obliged stay at or near your place of residence so that you can arrive at your place of work and fulfill your responsibilities.It examines the legal regulation of domestic employment in the UK, which is based on contractual and local legal frameworks, which contributes to the dynamic regulation of labor and related relations.It is noted that the rules of domestic labor in the United States are approved, as in England, by a single employer without any consultation with trade unions. United States labor law is two large blocks of legal rules: employment law (labor law) and labor law (collective labor law).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document