scholarly journals Journey of Signs and Shop Signs From Prehistory to Digital Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Nanki Nath
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Published Research ◽  
North And South

The published research related to history of signs presents a generic commentary. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed scrutiny of the essence and the narrative behind the evolution of signs [focus: shop signs]. According to The Complete Encyclopedia of Signs and Symbols, ‘Signs are vehicles for information and meaning, operating on many different levels – the universal and particular, intellectual and emotional, spatial and temporal, spiritual and material.’ Later periods of human civilization witnessed a conscious shift from the traditional industry to a knowledge-based economy that inculcates information-digitization. These signs were not only reflections of owners’ tastes and personality, but also formed the ethnic makeup of a street market. Gradually in the digital age, commercially oriented signs started giving continuity to public spaces and built streetscapes. This paper brings forth an emergence of signs and shop signs in India, rest of the Asian Pacific Rim countries followed by European countries and finally the Western Pacific Rim countries in North and South America

Transatlantic Radicalism

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Organizational Ties ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Political Radicalism

The Atlantic Ocean not only connected North and South America with Europe through trade but also provided the means for an exchange of knowledge and ideas, including political radicalism. Socialists and anarchists would use this “radical ocean” to escape state prosecution in their home countries and establish radical milieus abroad. However, this was often a rather unorganized development and therefore the connections that existed were quite diverse. The movement of individuals led to the establishment of organizational ties and the import and exchange of political publications between Europe and the Americas. The main aim of this book is to show how the transatlantic networks of political radicalism evolved with regard to socialist and anarchist milieus and in particular to look at the actors within the relevant processes—topics that have so far been neglected in the major histories of transnational political radicalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Individual case studies are examined within a wider context to show how networks were actually created, how they functioned and their impact on the broader history of the radical Atlantic.

scholarly journals Forty Years of the Description of Brown Spider Venom Phospholipases-D

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Helena Gremski ◽  
Hanna Câmara da Justa ◽  
Thaís Pereira da Silva ◽  
Nayanne Louise Costacurta Polli ◽  
Bruno César Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brown Spider ◽  
Hemolytic Toxin ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Spiders of the genus Loxosceles, popularly known as Brown spiders, are considered a serious public health issue, especially in regions of hot or temperate climates, such as parts of North and South America. Although the venoms of these arachnids are complex in molecular composition, often containing proteins with distinct biochemical characteristics, the literature has primarily described a family of toxins, the Phospholipases-D (PLDs), which are highly conserved in all Loxosceles species. PLDs trigger most of the major clinical symptoms of loxoscelism i.e., dermonecrosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and acute renal failure. The key role played by PLDs in the symptomatology of loxoscelism was first described 40 years ago, when researches purified a hemolytic toxin that cleaved sphingomyelin and generated choline, and was referred to as a Sphingomyelinase-D, which was subsequently changed to Phospholipase-D when it was demonstrated that the enzyme also cleaved other cellular phospholipids. In this review, we present the information gleaned over the last 40 years about PLDs from Loxosceles venoms especially with regard to the production and characterization of recombinant isoforms. The history of obtaining these toxins is discussed, as well as their molecular organization and mechanisms of interaction with their substrates. We will address cellular biology aspects of these toxins and how they can be used in the development of drugs to address inflammatory processes and loxoscelism. Present and future aspects of loxoscelism diagnosis will be discussed, as well as their biotechnological applications and actions expected for the future in this field.

Fladmark + 40: What Have We Learned about a Potential Pacific Coast Peopling of the Americas?

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J. Braje ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson ◽  
Torben C. Rick ◽  
Loren Davis ◽  
Tom Dillehay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Monte Verde ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Forty years ago, Knut Fladmark (1979) argued that the Pacific Coast offered a viable alternative to the ice-free corridor model for the initial peopling of the Americas—one of the first to support a “coastal migration theory” that remained marginal for decades. Today, the pre-Clovis occupation at the Monte Verde site is widely accepted, several other pre-Clovis sites are well documented, investigations of terminal Pleistocene subaerial and submerged Pacific Coast landscapes have increased, and multiple lines of evidence are helping decode the nature of early human dispersals into the Americas. Misconceptions remain, however, about the state of knowledge, productivity, and deglaciation chronology of Pleistocene coastlines and possible technological connections around the Pacific Rim. We review current evidence for several significant clusters of early Pacific Coast archaeological sites in North and South America that include sites as old or older than Clovis. We argue that stemmed points, foliate points, and crescents (lunates) found around the Pacific Rim may corroborate genomic studies that support an early Pacific Coast dispersal route into the Americas. Still, much remains to be learned about the Pleistocene colonization of the Americas, and multiple working hypotheses are warranted.

Hitler's Jewish Refugees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
South America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Jewish Refugees ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

This book describes the experience of Jewish refugees as they fled Hitler to live in limbo in Portugal until they could reach safer havens abroad. As the Nazis launched the Holocaust, Lisbon emerged as the best way station for Jews to escape Europe for North and South America. Jewish refugees had begun fleeing the continent in the mid-1930s from ports closer to home. But after Germany defeated Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France, and Italy joined the war, all in the spring of 1940, Lisbon became the port of departure from Europe. Jewish refugees from western and eastern Europe aimed for Portugal. An emotional history of fleeing, the book probes how specific locations touched refugees' inner lives, including the borders they nervously crossed or the overcrowded transatlantic ships that signaled their liberation.

An annotated type catalogue of the camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) held in the Zoological Museum Hamburg

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4375 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANILO HARMS ◽  
NADINE DUPÉRRÉ
Keyword(s):  
Zoological Museum ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Solifuges are an enigmatic and poorly studied group of arachnids. Commonly referred to as camel spiders or sun spiders, these animals are voracious predators of small animals and found in arid biomes of the Old World and the Americas. In this paper, we provide a catalogue for the solifuges (Arachnida: Solifugae) that are held at the Center of Natural History in Hamburg. The collections in Hamburg are predominantly historical and were accumulated by Karl Kraepelin between 1889 and 1914 with the help of other famous arachnologists such as Ferdinant Karsch and Eugène Simon. The re-study of these collections indicates that there are 38 type species and 65 type specimens from 10 families. We provide a detailed account of this material, including collection data, taxonomic updates, measurements and high-resolution images for species that are either poorly or not at all illustrated. Most specimens (70%) were collected in Africa as part of colonial expeditions or field surveys but there are also types from Western Asia (11%), and North and South America (19%). We provide an overview of the history of this collection, including a summary of the field surveys during which the specimens were collected and the arachnologists who described the material. Overall, this is the third-largest collection of solifuges in Germany with a distinct biogeographical focus and one of the largest collections of camel spiders in Europe. 

A Short History of Bioengineering Research in Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Kelly ◽  
Fergal J. O'Brien ◽  
Patrick J. Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Short History ◽  
World Congress ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Innovation

In July 2018, Ireland will host the World Congress of Biomechanics in Dublin. This Congress is held once every 4 yr and is the premier meeting worldwide in its field, with over 3000 people expected to visit Dublin in July. The awarding of the 2018 Congress to Ireland is a reflection of the strength of biomechanics and bioengineering research in this country. To mark this event, herein we describe the development of biomechanics and bioengineering research in Ireland over the past 40 yr, which has grown in parallel with the medical device industry as well as the expansion of Government investment in science, innovation, and a knowledge-based economy. The growth of this activity has resulted in Ireland becoming established as a global hub in the field.

The Haitian Revolution in Atlantic Perspective

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Geggus
Keyword(s):  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Saint Domingue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
Free People ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Of all the Atlantic revolutions, the fifteen-year struggle that transformed French Saint-Domingue into independent Haiti produced the greatest degree of social and economic change, and most fully embodied the contemporary pursuit of freedom, equality, and independence. Between 1789 and 1804, the Haitian Revolution unfolded as a succession of major precedents: the winning of colonial representation in a metropolitan assembly, the ending of racial discrimination, the first abolition of slavery in an important slave society, and the creation of Latin America's first independent state. Beginning as a home-rule movement among wealthy white colonists, it rapidly drew in militant free people of colour who demanded political rights and then set off the largest slave uprising in the history of the Americas. Sandwiched between the colonial revolutions of North and South America, and complexly intertwined with the coterminous revolution in France, Haiti's revolution has rarely been grouped with these major conflicts despite its claims to global significance.

1. The Atlantic slave trade

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Heather Andrea Williams
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Middle Passage ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Slavery had long existed in Europe and Africa, but the history of the Atlantic slave trade begins in the 1440s with Portuguese exploration of West Africa. ‘The Atlantic slave trade’ charts the increased demand for slave labor in Portugal and the Christian justification of African enslavement. In the 1490s, the journeys of Christopher Columbus to the Caribbean and North and South America opened up mineral-rich and fertile lands on which European countries planted their flags and the Christian cross. More than 12 million Africans boarded the ships, but nearly 2 million died during the Middle Passage. Of those who survived, only about 5 percent went to North America, with most going to South America and the Caribbean.

scholarly journals Examining the Decline in the Economic Outcomes of Highly Educated Recent Immigrants to Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzna Qidwai
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination

Canada has a long established history of accepting immigrants from diverse ethno-racial backgrounds to meet the labour market needs in the “knowledge based economy”. However, since the 1980s, there have been declines observed in the economic success of recent cohorts of immigrants. At the same time, there has been a shift in source country composition towards non-traditional source regions in Asia, Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe. This shift has been accompanied by an increase in the human capital of immigrants, in terms of their educational qualifications and work experience as a by-product of the new points system. An explanation for the economic decline is that the institutional barriers of prejudice and discrimination have barred recent immigrants from access to high skilled employment. Nevertheless, one should also consider the massive restructuring of the labour market and its effects on the most vulnerable cohorts: immigrants; women; racialized people and youth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document