scholarly journals Examining the Decline in the Economic Outcomes of Highly Educated Recent Immigrants to Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzna Qidwai

Canada has a long established history of accepting immigrants from diverse ethno-racial backgrounds to meet the labour market needs in the “knowledge based economy”. However, since the 1980s, there have been declines observed in the economic success of recent cohorts of immigrants. At the same time, there has been a shift in source country composition towards non-traditional source regions in Asia, Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe. This shift has been accompanied by an increase in the human capital of immigrants, in terms of their educational qualifications and work experience as a by-product of the new points system. An explanation for the economic decline is that the institutional barriers of prejudice and discrimination have barred recent immigrants from access to high skilled employment. Nevertheless, one should also consider the massive restructuring of the labour market and its effects on the most vulnerable cohorts: immigrants; women; racialized people and youth.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzna Qidwai

Canada has a long established history of accepting immigrants from diverse ethno-racial backgrounds to meet the labour market needs in the “knowledge based economy”. However, since the 1980s, there have been declines observed in the economic success of recent cohorts of immigrants. At the same time, there has been a shift in source country composition towards non-traditional source regions in Asia, Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe. This shift has been accompanied by an increase in the human capital of immigrants, in terms of their educational qualifications and work experience as a by-product of the new points system. An explanation for the economic decline is that the institutional barriers of prejudice and discrimination have barred recent immigrants from access to high skilled employment. Nevertheless, one should also consider the massive restructuring of the labour market and its effects on the most vulnerable cohorts: immigrants; women; racialized people and youth.


Author(s):  
Mariana Bălan

Abstract Even if the issue of youths’ inclusion in the labour market was always an important item on political agendas, during the last two decades this issue had particular relevance. In the last years, unemployment for this age group had unprecedented amplitude, reaching 20.6% in Romania in 2016. Modern societies provide for youths opportunities, still they are faced with major challenges related to the education and training and access to the labour force market. During the last decades, the world economy shifted in a continuous process from development based on traditional factors to the knowledge-based economy. The development of the knowledge-based economy leads to changes in labour force demand also: new skills and competences are required. As new technologies are implemented, the demand for high-skilled workers increases, especially for high-skilled ones in the field of Information and Communication (IC), and the demand for low-skilled workers decreases. The paper presents a brief characterisation of the labour force market at the level of Romania‘s regions of development and an analysis of the particularities of the youths’ labour market in the context of sustainable development and of the new economy as well as some advantages of using young labour force for sustainable development.


2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Kelly ◽  
Fergal J. O'Brien ◽  
Patrick J. Prendergast

In July 2018, Ireland will host the World Congress of Biomechanics in Dublin. This Congress is held once every 4 yr and is the premier meeting worldwide in its field, with over 3000 people expected to visit Dublin in July. The awarding of the 2018 Congress to Ireland is a reflection of the strength of biomechanics and bioengineering research in this country. To mark this event, herein we describe the development of biomechanics and bioengineering research in Ireland over the past 40 yr, which has grown in parallel with the medical device industry as well as the expansion of Government investment in science, innovation, and a knowledge-based economy. The growth of this activity has resulted in Ireland becoming established as a global hub in the field.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Снежана Тодосијевић Лазовић ◽  
Срећко Милачић ◽  
Радмило Тодосијевић

Резиме: Знање се не може трансплантирати, али се може стећи. Постоји ли идеалан или други тренутак за дефинисање оријентира будућности осим садашњег? Постоји: кад се тјелесна, духовна и интелектуална енергија младости и знања ослободи стереотипа и супротстави баналности и рутини свакодневног живљења. Интелектуална клима погодовала је настанку економије засноване на знању. А да ли су само знања из економије погодовала развоју економије засноване на знању? У односу на изазове будућности, космолошки аспект се повлачи пред антрополошким, човјека ставља у средиште пажње и настаје заокрет према специфично људској, психолошко-етичко-антрополошкој проблематици. И тек онда када се развијени смисао опредјељења према будућности – прогностичко-футуролошки, ухвати у раље живота са космолошким приступом, као нужност ће нам се отворити реконструктивна потреба, али и иновативни сазнајни аспекти за дефинисањем грандиозне визионарности какву смо понекад у прошлости осјећали. Економија заснована на знању се остварује позитивном комбинацијом аналитичко-истраживачких метода из разних научних области и благодарећи извршеном уопштавању долази до примјене на системе потпуно разнородних физичких карактеристика, било да се ради о живим, природним системима, или о вјештачким организационим системима које је компоновао човјек. Ради се о процесима преобликовања научне мисли. Кључне ријечи: наука, знање, будућност, технологија, ресурси, прогнозе, економија.Summary: Intellectual climate has served for development of the economy based on knowledge. But did only the knowledge from the economy seve for the development of economic knowledge? Knowledge can’t be transplanted but it can be acquired. Does the ideal or second moment for defining future landmarks except the present exist? It exists: when the physical, spiritual and intellectual energy of youth and knowledge is released from stereotypes and confronts banality and routine of everyday living. Relative to future challenges, cosmic aspect retreats before anthropological, it puts human in the center of attention and creates a turning point toward specific human, psychological-ethnical-anthropological problematic. Then, when the developed sense of preference toward future, prognostic-futurological, is caught in the jaws of life with cosmic approach, reconstructive need as well as innovative noetic aspect fir defining grandiose visions as we felt in the past will unfold as a necessity. Knowledge based economy is realized by positive combination of analytic research methods from different scientific fields and thanks to generalizing it comes to application on systems with diverse physical characteristics, whether it’s about living natural systems or artificial organizational systems that were made by man. It’s about process’ of remaking of scientific thought. As much as people thought about future throughout the history of human kind, they were always burdened with values of their time. In this paper we are attempting to give an answer on the following question: „Knowledge based economy, with characteristics of universal diffusion , will either awaken, lower or in future eliminate existing or create new divisions? Undeveloped countries must create their own defensive system for their own national and economical identity conservation. We are talking about economic and political freedom. That is why mobilization of knowledge and prudent people is needed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Nanki Nath

The published research related to history of signs presents a generic commentary. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed scrutiny of the essence and the narrative behind the evolution of signs [focus: shop signs]. According to The Complete Encyclopedia of Signs and Symbols, ‘Signs are vehicles for information and meaning, operating on many different levels – the universal and particular, intellectual and emotional, spatial and temporal, spiritual and material.’ Later periods of human civilization witnessed a conscious shift from the traditional industry to a knowledge-based economy that inculcates information-digitization. These signs were not only reflections of owners’ tastes and personality, but also formed the ethnic makeup of a street market. Gradually in the digital age, commercially oriented signs started giving continuity to public spaces and built streetscapes. This paper brings forth an emergence of signs and shop signs in India, rest of the Asian Pacific Rim countries followed by European countries and finally the Western Pacific Rim countries in North and South America


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Farah

The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have been able to achieve rapid economic growth over the past 40 years, which has largely been the result of vast reserves of oil and gas. However, the 21st century has seen a global shift towards establishing knowledge-based economies, through moving away from the dependence on oil to promoting business, tourism, and other sectors. This has changed the nature of jobs demanded by the labour market in the GCC and has resulted in a radical shift in the type of education that needs to be provided. The consequence of these changes has been an increasing disconnect between the education sector and the labour market, the impact of which is yet to be seen. This policy paper will look beyond the quantity of education provision in the UAE and focus on how the quality of education can be improved in order to better contribute to economic growth and competitiveness. It will first provide the context for this discussion, followed by a review of the literature on returns to education, paying particular attention the quality of education as a determinant of economic competitiveness. Next, the paper will consider the case of the UAE and will address the missing link between the education system and the labor market. Finally, it will conclude by offering a number of recommendations that could help policymakers improve the quality of education in the UAE in order to create a truly knowledge-based economy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 391-404
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mrozińska

Knowledge-based economy and cooperation in the conditions of globalisation and the economic integration result in shifts in the job market, which became the cause of development in higher education in Poland. Suitability of the offer of Polish universities to the demands of future employers represents an embodiment of the educational aspirations of future employees. The aim of the article is to analyse the processes that occur in the structure of the studies at universities in correlation to the changes visible on the labour market in individual voivodeships. The study shows the changes that took place in the structure of the education fields chosen by students as well as in the structure of the labour market. It uses measures for structural analyses and examines the intensity, rate and stability of the adaptation of these structures in the years 2008–2014. The study shows differences in the characteristics of adaptive processes in the fields of study and structure of labour markets in voivodeships in Poland.  


Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen

This chapter assesses the dominant understanding of what graduate labour is. This continues to influence how we currently understand the work that graduates perform, their status, and the role of higher education in the economy. The chapter outlines the discourse on modern capitalism and in particular the knowledge economy and explains how it changed our vision of the graduate labour market. Contemporary society is portrayed as ever more complex, differentiated, and dependent on specialized knowledge. As a result graduate workers are understood to have a special place within the economy and labour market and their skills and abilities to be crucial for economic development. The chapter then contrasts these ideas with academic contributions criticizing the main assumptions of the knowledge-based economy discourse. Yet despite these contributions, the dominant discourse has not been fundamentally changed or been fundamentally challenged within the public domain.


Author(s):  
William A. Galston

This chapter considers how the response of Americans to their country's economic, social, and political dysfunction has set the stage for a distinctively American populism. Many ordinary citizens hold American elites (often of both political parties) responsible for what has gone wrong over the past generation, and there is some basis for their view. At the same time that trust in expertise has declined, meritocratic norms and practices have propelled highly educated Americans to the highest reaches of the economy, media, and politics. This group has benefited from the transition to a knowledge-based economy as well as from freer flows of goods, people, and capital. Leaders have made at best half-hearted efforts to insulate average Americans from the negative consequences of these trends or to compensate them for their losses.


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