Guia do oceanógrafo: Manuseio de cabos e acessórios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Katsuragawa ◽  
Luiz Vianna Nonato ◽  
Francisco Luiz Vicentini Neto
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oceanographic Research ◽  
Sampling Operation ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Load Handling

Oceanography is a multidisciplinary science that deals with the physical, chemical, geological e biological aspects of the marine environment. As most of the sciences, oceanographic research relies heavily on sampling procedures, which can be rather simple, as obtaining a water sample at sea surface, or very complex, as bringing an uncontaminated sediment sample from hadal regions (up to 11,000 m deep) to the surface. Despite the sampling operation complexity, it is of primary importance the use of the adequate instrumentation, as well the expertise of the instrument operator. Ideally, the operator should have a good knowledge of the technical characteristics of the instruments themselves, as well as the correct procedures for their operation. In addition, he should be well acquainted to the ship equipment employed in the deployment, operation and retrieval of those instruments, including cables, winches and cranes. Only if these aspects are taken in account a reliable and safe operation can be attained. In this way, this guide was conceived as a basic reference for researchers in their on-board operations, although certainly being useful for a wide range of outdoor activities. It was based on the authors years of experience in field work onboard research and fishing vessels. It includes notions on nautical cables, onboard load handling equipment and hardware, basic ropework, basic net weaving and repairing and a nautical glossary.

1,4-Diazepines: A Review on Synthesis, Reactions and Biological Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Rashid ◽  
Aisha Ashraf ◽  
Sahibzada S. Rehman ◽  
Shaukat A. Shahid ◽  
Adeel Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Synthesis Reactions ◽  
Potential Use

Background:1,4-Diazepines are two nitrogen containing seven membered heterocyclic compounds and associated with a wide range of biological activities. Due to its medicinal importance, scientists are actively involved in the synthesis, reactions and biological evaluation of 1,4-diazepines since number of decades.Objective:The primary purpose of this review is to discuss the synthetic schemes and reactivity of 1,4- diazepines. This article also describes biological aspects of 1,4-diazepine derivatives, that can be usefully exploited for the pharmaceutical sector.Conclusion:This review summarizes the abundant literature on synthetic routes, chemical reactions and biological attributes of 1,4-diazepine derivatives. We concluded that 1,4-diazepines have significant importance due to their biological activities like antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. 1,4-diazepine derivatives with significant biological activities could be explored for potential use in the pharmaceutical industries.

Kean Miltos: The Well-Known Iron Oxides of Antiquity

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Photos-Jones ◽  
A. Cottier ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
L. G. Mendoni
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Mineral

The island of Kea in the North Cyclades was well known in antiquity for its miltos, a naturally occurring red iron oxide valued for its colour and wide range of applications. By combining geological field work, physico-chemical analytical techniques, simulation (heating) experiments as well as simple laboratory tests, this paper describes the study of Kean iron oxides in an attempt to characterize this material which is still largely elusive in the archaeological record. The present work corroborates previous observations about the superior quality of some Kean iron oxides. Furthermore, it puts forward the hypothesis that miltos may have been considered an industrial mineral, and as such may have been used as an umbrella term for a variety of materials including mineralogically distinct purple as well as red iron oxides.

scholarly journals Nesting of Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) on man-made structures in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Sidorenko ◽  
V. D. Siokhin
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Breeding Territory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Great Cormorants

In Ukraine the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo Linnaeus, 1758) uses a rather wide range of habitats for nesting: islands, trees and shrubs, reedbeds and a variety of man-made structures. In general, the strategy of nesting on man-made structures is uncommon both in Ukraine and Europe, and Cormorantsdo this only in the absence of other sites suitable for nesting. Special research onCormorant colonies on technogenic constructions was carried out during the field expeditions by the Research Institute of Biodiversity of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems of Ukraine in 2002–2003 and 2012–2016. Besides this, we used retrospective and current data from the literature and Internet resources. Most of the field work was carried out by making surveys by boat and on foot. As a result, we found 8 Cormorant colonies on technogenic constructions in Ukraine: gas platforms in the Sea of Azov (near the village Strilkove, Henichesk district of Kherson region); sunken ships – targets for bombing training near the Arabat Spit (these are also known as «ship islands»); electricity pylons of the high-voltage Enerhodar Dnipro Power Line where it crosses the Kakhovka Reservoir; the dock in Yahorlyk Bayk, used in the past as a target for bombing training bombing; artificial island-platforms on Lake Chernine (Kinburn Peninsula); an artificial island on the Sasyk Lagoon (Odessa region); artificial islands, made as navigation markers on the Kremenchuk and Kiev reservoirs. The study found that in most cases the accompanying species was the CaspianGull (Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811), which actively destroys the Cormorants’ nests and eats their eggs and chicks. The number of nests in the colonies varied greatly (5–30 nests on the navigation marker islands and ca. 2 000–2 300 on the «ship-islands» and gas platforms). This is due, primarily, to the area of the breeding territory. The research found that fierce territorial competition was observed in most of the colonies both with Caspian Gulls and between Cormorants. In addition, we observed anthropogenic interference in the colonies by fishermen and workers conducting routine maintenance work (as happened in the case of electricity pylons and gas platforms). The benefit of this study is that it is the first research in Ukraine conducted at national level onthis type of nesting by Cormorants. Moreover, the study examines the history of emergence of these nesting territories and population dynamics of the Great Cormorant from the time of initial settlement of the breeding sites till the present.

Investigating Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis in the surface layer at an ideal desert field site using fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Hilland ◽  
Andreas Christen ◽  
Roland Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Taylor’s frozen turbulence hypothesis is the most critical assumption through which time-resolving sensors may be used to derive statistics of the turbulent spatial field. Namely, it relates temporal autocorrelation to spatial correlation via the mean wind speed and is invoked in almost all boundary layer field work. Nevertheless, the conditions and scales over which Taylor’s hypothesis is valid remain poorly understood in the atmospheric boundary layer.</p> <p>As part of the Namib Turbulence Experiment (NamTEX) campaign in March 2020, a pseudo-3D fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) array was installed within a 300 x 300 m area in the Namib desert. The array is X-shaped in plan view and contains 16 measurement heights from 0.45 m to 2.85 m. Fibre-optic sensing provides air temperature measurements at unprecedented spatio-temporal density (0.25 m horizontally, 0.17 m vertically, and 1 Hz) and was coupled with a vertical array of traditional sonic anemometer point measurements to investigate the relationship between spatial and temporal temperature fields. The Namib provides an ideal location for fundamental boundary layer research: homogenous flat surfaces, no vegetation, little moisture, strong solar forcing, regular and repeated clear-sky conditions, and a wide range of atmospheric stabilities.</p> <p>Using the NamTEX DTS array we present the first field investigation of Taylor’s hypothesis that considers boundary layer stability and is independent of wind direction. A novel method of 2d horizontal cross-correlation between all possible points of a single height of the DTS is employed to produce spatial ‘maps’ of the turbulent flow, whose velocity, direction, and size may be tracked through time.</p>

Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878: Hopes – Vicissitudes – Lessons

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Focus

The authors of the joint monograph "The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878: Hopes – Vicissitudes – Lessons", historians, culturologists and literary scholars, based on historical documents, archival materials, facts of public life and fiction writing, as well as "field work", give an updated vision of the sesquicentennial events, which played a significant role in the transformation of the geopolitical map of Europe and interethnic relations, and whose echoes are still heard today, often re-acquiring the acute relevance. The primary focus is on the Balkan policy of Russia and other major European countries; the Russian-Bulgarian military cooperation; the Russian-Bulgarian social and cultural ties; the refraction of historical realities in artistic creation, journalism and diaries. The book will be of interest to a wide range of researchers, university students and readers interested in the development of international relations, the history and culture of the Balkans, the Russian-Bulgarian dialogue.

scholarly journals Enhanced Surveillance of Foodborne Mycotoxins by Immunochemical Assay

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Pestka
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Sample Extract ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enzyme Conjugate ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Abstract Mycotoxins are a chemically diverse group of fungal secondary metabolites with a wide range of toxic effects. Conventional thin-layer and instrumental methods of mycotoxin analysis are time-consuming and make routine safety and quality control screening of these compounds in agricultural commodities difficult. As an alternative, specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been raised against mycotoxin-protein conjugates and used in sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). One of the simplest ELISA approaches involves competition for a solid-phase antibody between a mycotoxin-enzyme conjugate and an unconjugated mycotoxin in the sample extract. ELISAs have been developed for aflatoxins B, and M„ zearalenone, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol, which are highly specific, rapid (10 min), easily adaptable for analyzing large numbers of samples, and directly applicable to assaying methanol-water extracts of a wide range of foods. Several commercial mycotoxin ELISAs using this approach (most typically for aflatoxin B,) are currently being marketed. Since ELISAs will be used in large part by personnel with limited technical expertise, individual kits must be critically evaluated by analytical chemists for suggested sampling procedures, efficiency of extraction, crossreactivity, mycotoxin recovery, assay reproducibility, and product shelf-life prior to routine use in food safety and quality control screening

Comparison of US and Canadian Transmission Pipeline Consensus Standards

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. Meyer ◽  
Robert W. Smith ◽  
Alan Murray
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Transmission Pipeline ◽  
Energy Congestion ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration

A coordinated effort between the pipeline regulatory entities in the United States and Canada is paramount for reducing energy congestion across the border. The interconnected nature of the pipeline infrastructure in North America and the growing demand for energy in the US are clear drivers for cross border coordination and collaboration. Regulatory agency cooperation by the Canadian National Energy Board (NEB) and the US Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) recognizes this dependency and the continued safe operation and expansion of the pipeline infrastructure. To achieve these goals, much is dependent on the adequacy and effectiveness of safety and specification consensus standards covering a wide range of pipeline transportation activities. Pipeline regulations in the US and Canada rely largely on the partial or complete incorporation of industry standards by reference. The US and Canadian national pipeline regulations are compared in this paper in design and construction areas, noting the important differences.

MOTION OF THE GROUND ON ARRIVAL OF REFLECTED LONGlTUDlNAL AND TRANSVERSE WAVES AT WlDE‐ANGLE REFLECTlON DlSTANCES

Geophysics ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Plane Waves ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Observation Distance ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Spherical Waves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

The horizontal and vertical motions of the surface of the ground on the arrival of reflected longitudinal and transverse waves from an elastic discontinuity are determined theoretically, with special reference to those parameters encountered in exploring for limestone structures in the foothills of Western Canada by wide‐angle reflection techniques. The results, which cover a wide range of possible overburden velocities, are expressed by means of curves from which the displacement for any practical elastic contrast, depth and observation distance may be readily determined. Properties of these curves are examined empirically. The theory assumes plane waves in determining the amplitude ratios at the structural or free surface discontinuities and spherical waves in deriving spread factors. Corrections to the curves on account of a non‐uniform overburden velocity are considered in the case of a typical central foothills well. The evidence for PP and PS in model, and to a less extent in field work and the significance of phase changes on reflection are discussed. It is concluded that the horizontal geophone should prove to be a useful additional tool in wide‐angle reflection surveys in disturbed foothills zones. Here, it could confirm or refute the arrival of a reflection registered by the vertical geophones in the many cases where doubt exists.

Comparing biomass regressions by site and stand age for red maple

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Crow
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regional Estimates ◽  
Predictive Relations ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Allometric regressions for estimating red maple (Acerrubrum L.) biomass did not differ by stand age and site index. Significant differences were found only in terms of error variance, not in terms of regression slope or intercept. These trends suggest a single predictive model is valid for regional estimates. More attention should be given to regional sampling procedures and predictive relations that are valid for a wide range of stand and site conditions in developing weight tables and conducting biomass inventories.

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