Kean Miltos: The Well-Known Iron Oxides of Antiquity

1997 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Photos-Jones ◽  
A. Cottier ◽  
A. J. Hall ◽  
L. G. Mendoni
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The North ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Mineral

The island of Kea in the North Cyclades was well known in antiquity for its miltos, a naturally occurring red iron oxide valued for its colour and wide range of applications. By combining geological field work, physico-chemical analytical techniques, simulation (heating) experiments as well as simple laboratory tests, this paper describes the study of Kean iron oxides in an attempt to characterize this material which is still largely elusive in the archaeological record. The present work corroborates previous observations about the superior quality of some Kean iron oxides. Furthermore, it puts forward the hypothesis that miltos may have been considered an industrial mineral, and as such may have been used as an umbrella term for a variety of materials including mineralogically distinct purple as well as red iron oxides.

scholarly journals Characterization of scale deposits formed in sanitary hot water pipelines in the northern tourist zone of Agadir city

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
M'barek Belattar ◽  
Abdallah Hadfi ◽  
Said Ben Aazza ◽  
Said Mohareb ◽  
Naima Hafid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The North ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Pipelines

The formation of scale on surfaces in contact with water is due to many reasons as the hardness of water and its temperature. Therefore, this phenomenon of scale in water pipelines is a common and inevitable problem in the regions that exploit or use groundwater with high rigidity. The circuits fed by hot water are easily reached by hard water scaling. The deposition of encrusting curst at the level of walls in touch with water is due to many technical, economic and environmental problems. It causes a reduction in water flow and a decrease in the efficiency of heating systems.In this study, we are particularly interested in studying the phenomenon of hard water scaling caused by sanitary hot water in a tourist unit situated in the north of the seaside in the city of Agadir. First, we have evaluated the physico-chemical quality of water in use in this tourist unit. Secondly, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the scale found in the circuits that transport sanitary hot water. Several analytical techniques were used to reach this goal namely: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) which shows that 85.50% of scale is represented by Calcium Carbonate. Whereas infrared spectrometry (IR) demonstrates the existence of the Carbonate anion CO32-. In addition, due to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) we found that the endothermic event shows the decomposition of Calcium Carbonate of CaO and CO2 in the temperature range of 660 C° to 820 C°. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it indicates that the scale takes the form of needle-like aragonite crystals. At last, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the scale is composed essentially of Calcium Carbonate of the type aragonite.The results of the different techniques of characterisation are in concordance in the scaling of the circuits of sanitary hot water in the tourist unit under study.

scholarly journals Mediaeval Gravestones from the Crimean Steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 362-373
Author(s):  
Elena A. Aibabina
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Rough Form ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
High Base ◽  
The Town

There are late eighteenth-century maps of the town of Eski-Krym (Solkhat, Krym, Staryi Krym) which Muslim commune shaped by the last third of the thirteenth century showing a number of significant architectural objects and gravestones with stone-carved decorations. The system of Muslim gravestones developed by O.-N. A. Akchokrakly and A. S. Bashkirov is based on the study of forms and the location of ornamental and epigraphic parts of monuments from the cemeteries of Staryi Krym. Carved decorations of medieval grave monuments of Solkhat show by the high artistic level of carving, the quality of technical execution, and original ornamentation. Their connection of stone carving of the Crimea in the Golden Horde Period with the Asia Minor appeared simultaneously with the development of Muslim architecture. Photographs and drawings made by an academic expedition in 1925 that surveyed ancient Tatar settlements and cemeteries in the Crimean steppe (its western areas close to Yevpatoria, as well as the north of the Crimean Peninsula and its east close to the town of Staryi Krym) show a wide range of gravestones, mostly of geometrical forms like pillars topped with turbans. There is a small group of grave monuments, or the so-called two-horned gravestones, representing a rough form of similar tombstones originating from the Muslim cemeteries of Solkhat as the capital of the Crimea in the Golden Horde Period and other large settlements, such as Eski-Iurt. The two-horned gravestones from the cemeteries of large settlements present elaborate forms and inscriptions; they are covered with ornaments featuring the Seljuk style of the Asia Minor. The two-horned gravestones from the cemeteries in the steppe have a high base, with their pillars following the shape of vertical

U-Pb zircon (ID-TIMS and SHRIMP) evidence for the early ordovician intrusion of metagranites in the late Proterozoic Canaveilles Group of the Pyrenees and the Montagne Noire (France)

2005 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Cocherie ◽  
Thierry Baudin ◽  
Albert Autran ◽  
Catherine Guerrot ◽  
C. Mark Fanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Proterozoic ◽  
The North ◽  
Continental Plate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gondwana Margin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Montagne Noire ◽  
Representative Samples

Abstract Depending on the quality of the zircon grains available for analysis, two methods may be used to date igneous rock emplacement, namely U-Pb TIMS with isotope dilution or in situ U-Pb SIMS (SHRIMP). Both methods have been used to determine, in a precise and accurate manner, the emplacement age of the granitic protolith of the various orthogneisses in the Pyrenean Axial Zone. More specifically, four representative samples of G1, G2 and a “transition gneiss” yielded reliable datings with an average age of 473 ± 4 Ma for each sample. The surrounding sediments of the Canaveilles Group were constrained by zircon grains from interlayered metarhyodacite and dated at 581 ± 10 Ma using the SHRIMP method, clearly giving this group a late Proterozoic (Vendian) age. Finally, the Somail orthogneiss of the Montagne Noire, equivalent to that of the Canigou, yielded an age of 471 ± 4 Ma with the in situ U-Pb method, which is identical to the dating of the Pyrenean samples. In addition, most of the studied orthogneisses recorded a wide range of significant concordant inherited ages spanning from early Archaean (3.5 Ga) to Pan-African/Cadomian (600–800 Ma). Bearing in mind the calc-alkaline affinity of the studied rocks, this work demonstrates the huge contrast between the active Gondwana margin in the north (“South European terrane”) and the remarkably homogeneous continental plate that existed from Arabia to Morocco during the Ordovician.

scholarly journals Roald Amundsen's contributions to our knowledge of the magnetic fields of the Earth and the Sun

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
A. Egeland ◽  
C. S. Deehr
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field ◽  
Regular Manner

Abstract. Roald Amundsen (1872–1928) was known as one of the premier polar explorers in the golden age of polar exploration. His accomplishments clearly document that he has contributed to knowledge in fields as diverse as ethnography, meteorology and geophysics. In this paper we will concentrate on his studies of the Earth's magnetic field. With his unique observations at the polar station Gjøahavn (geographic coordinates 68°37'10'' N; 95°53'25'' W), Amundsen was first to demonstrate, without doubt, that the north magnetic dip-pole does not have a permanent location, but steadily moves its position in a regular manner. In addition, his carefully calibrated measurements at high latitudes were the first and only observations of the Earth's magnetic field in the polar regions for decades until modern polar observatories were established. After a short review of earlier measurements of the geomagnetic field, we tabulate the facts regarding his measurements at the observatories and the eight field stations associated with the Gjøa expedition. The quality of his magnetic observations may be seen to be equal to that of the late 20th century observations by subjecting them to analytical techniques showing the newly discovered relationship between the diurnal variation of high latitude magnetic observations and the direction of the horizontal component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF By). Indeed, the observations at Gjøahavn offer a glimpse of the character of the solar wind 50 yr before it was known to exist. Our motivation for this paper is to illuminate the contributions of Amundsen as a scientist and to celebrate his attainment of the South Pole as an explorer 100 yr ago.

scholarly journals Evaluation De L’impact De La Pollution Agricole Sur La Qualite Des Eaux Souterraines De La Nappe Du Gharb

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouderka Nouzha ◽  
Souid Ahmed Kacem ◽  
Lakhili Ferdaouss ◽  
Lahrach Abrerrahim ◽  
Benabdelhadi Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Underground Water ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
North West ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Eaux Souterraines ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metallic Contamination

The Gharb plain is located in the North West of Morocco and corresponds to a vast plain of the Sebou watershed. It includes an irrigable perimeter of a 250,000 ha, of which more than 120,000 ha are designed as big hydraulics to meet the drinking water and irrigation needs of the region. The intensification of agriculture in this region leads to a significant use of phytosanitary products, which can impact the physico-chemical quality of the Gharb groundwater. To assess this quality we proceeded to the analysis of the physico-chemical parameters (pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, sodium, potassium, nitrates, ammonium, and orthophosphates) and the study of the metallic contamination of waters of 17 wells located in the region of Sidi Kacem-Sidi Slimane. The results of performed analysis, revealed a pollution of an agricultural origin. This is confirmed by the maximum levels of chlorides, which exceed 2,734 mg/l, thereby explaining the high conductivity levels (5000 μ/cm). Nevertheless, a lithological influence cannot be excluded. The nitrate levels (160 mg/l) indicate a nitric pollution of underground waters. The heavy metals measured showed a metallic contamination exceeding the norms of lead and aluminium concentration, elements which may have their origin in fertilizers undergoing an excessive use in the area. These results confirm the impact of the agricultural intensification in the degradation of the quality of the underground water of the Gharb region.

scholarly journals Relationship Among the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Soil and Water in Different Wetland Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1681-1690
Author(s):  
Bibhu Prasad Panda ◽  
Manas Barik ◽  
Biswajita Mahapatra ◽  
Siba Prasad Parida ◽  
Aditya Kishore Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Wetland Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Soil And Water

The quality of life in water bodies depends on their physico-chemical properties and biodiversity. These physico-chemical properties are being disturbed by continuous addition of industrial, municipal and agricultural wastes which make them unfit for different organisms. This study describes the physico-chemical factors in soil and water of all sampled wetlands and the relationship among them in wetland ecosystem. All these analysis were done by using analytical techniques as described by standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. Physico-chemical parameters of water and soil also interlinked and correlated among each other. Sometimes these parameters work as a cycle to maintain the equilibrium in the ecosystem. Higher level of research work is needed to control the source of pollution to wetlands. By controlling the physico-chemical parameters of habitat, the diversity, density and richness of various wetland dependent species can be controlled in wetland ecosystem.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER OF FOUR LAKES OF THE FERKESSEDOUGOU DAM (NORTH OF COTE DIVOIRE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426-1438
Author(s):  
Coulibaly Lereyaha ◽  
◽  
Kouakou Koffi Amoulaye ◽  
Ouattara Ismaila ◽  
Kamagate Bamory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
The North ◽  
Turbid Waters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Catchment Areas

Runoff from the catchment areas of the reservoirs is partly responsible for the chemical quality of the water. The main objective of this study was to compare the physico-chemical quality of the waters of four lakes in the sub-county of Ferkessedougou located in the north of Cote dIvoire. After application of the referenced analytical methods, the contents of chemical elements were subjected to statistical processing, mainly principal component analysis (PCA). The study revealed a categorization of the water in the reservoirs. On the whole, the water in the reservoirs is poorly mineralized, thus justifying a low electrical conductivity (66.67 to 138.04 µS/cm). The Bakaryvogo lake, richer in dissolved elements, is opposed to the Korobelekaha and Dekokaha lakes, which have the lowest electrical conductivity, unlike the others. The lake of Sepenediokaha is distinguished by turbid waters rich in organic matter (COD) and suspended solids (SS). This study provided an overview of the quality of the water, which remains a function of the activities in the catchment areas. Furthermore, the waters of these reservoirs are potentially threatened by the phenomenon of eutrophization given the levels of nutrients measured. Indeed, the concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and phosphorus, although lower than the thresholds allowed by the WHO, are significant. There are also significant levels of phosphorus. In addition, the average Fe2+ content measured (0.78 mg/L) is above WHO standards.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

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