scholarly journals Conservation of wild silkworm genetic resources through cryopreservation: Standardization of sperm processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
G. Lokesh ◽  
Geetha N Murthy ◽  
Veeranna Gowda ◽  
Alok Sahay ◽  
Gargi Gargi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Female Moth ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Wild Silkworm ◽  
Viable Sperm

Conservation of the invaluable sericigenous genetic resources is of prime importance with respect to their utilization and improvement for wider exploitation. Conservation of wild silkworms and its applicability in hybridization have limitations due to incompatibility, less amenability, change of behaviour under ex situ conditions, non-synchronization of moth eclosion and difficulties in mating between variables. In view of this, the newer technologies such as cryopreservation and artificial insemination are offering better strategies for preservation of biologically active samples like semen at sub-zero temperature (-196º C) conditions for longer duration. In this context, under standardization of sperms preservation from wild silkworms, two methods of semen collection were scrutinized for obtaining active and viable sperm for cryopreservation and further artificial insemination. Semen collection from the seminal vesicle of freshly emerged male moth and the other from the bursa copulatrix (BC) and spermatheca of the female moth after mating. The sperms in the semen collected from seminal vesicle are in the form of bundles known as eupyrene sperm bundles and apyrene sperms. The morphology and behaviour of these sperm bundles were recorded through microscopic examination. To study the density and motility behaviour of the sperms, sperm bundles were treated with proteolytic enzyme (~2-3µg/ml) to digest the membrane and release the sperms. The density and motility behaviour of sperms in the semen recovered from the BC and spermatheca of female moth after mating were higher compared to those released after digestion of sperm bundles from seminal vesicle of the male moth.

scholarly journals Reproductive Anatomy of Chondrichthyans: Notes on Specimen Handling and Sperm Extraction. II. Sharks and Chimaeras

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Pablo García-Salinas ◽  
Victor Gallego ◽  
Juan F. Asturiano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Specimen Handling ◽  
Viable Sperm ◽  
Abdominal Massage ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy ◽  
Conservation Projects ◽  
Breeding Techniques

The chondrichthyan fishes, which comprise sharks, rays, and chimaeras, are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates on the planet. Given this situation, an additional strategy for the protection of these species could be the ex situ conservation projects developed in public aquaria and research centers. Nevertheless, to increase sustainability and to develop properly in situ reintroduction strategies, captive breeding techniques, such as sperm extraction and artificial insemination, should be developed. These techniques are commonly used in other threatened species and could be also used in chondrichthyans. However, the different reproductive morphologies found in this group can complicate both processes. Therefore, a comparison of the reproductive anatomy of eight distinct chondrichthyans, with an emphasis on those important differences when performing sperm extraction or artificial insemination, is carried out herein. Sharks and chimaeras belonging to the Scyliorhinidae, Carcharhinidae, Centrophoridae, Etmopteridae, Hexanchidae, and Chimaeridae families were obtained from commercial fisheries, public aquaria, and stranding events. In addition, the process of obtaining viable sperm samples through cannulation, abdominal massage, and oviducal gland extraction is described in detail for both living and dead animals.

Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plant genetic resources managed by national agrobiodiversity center of Korea

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Sung ◽  
CW Jeong ◽  
YY Lee ◽  
HS Lee ◽  
YA Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ

Validation of manual semen collection methods and sperm evaluation in living freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygon falkneri) kept in ex situ conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lúcia André Padilha ◽  
Helen Colbachini ◽  
Sofia Dressel Ramos ◽  
Laura Chrispim Reisfeld ◽  
Paloma Canedo Henrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Collection Methods

Conservation of animal genetic resources: approaches and technologies for in situ and ex situ conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Woolliams ◽  
O. Matika ◽  
J. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources ◽  
The Face ◽  
Livestock Products

SummaryLivestock production faces major challenges through the coincidence of major drivers of change, some with conflicting directions. These are:1. An unprecedented global change in demands for traditional livestock products such as meat, milk and eggs.2. Large changes in the demographic and regional distribution of these demands.3. The need to reduce poverty in rural communities by providing sustainable livelihoods.4. The possible emergence of new agricultural outputs such as bio-fuels making a significant impact upon traditional production systems.5. A growing awareness of the need to reduce the environmental impact of livestock production.6. The uncertainty in the scale and impact of climate change. This paper explores these challenges from a scientific perspective in the face of the large-scale and selective erosion of our animal genetic resources, and concludes thai there is a stronger and more urgent need than ever before to secure the livestock genetic resources available to humankind through a comprehensive global conservation programme.

scholarly journals Low effective population size and high spatial genetic structure of black poplar populations from the Oder valley in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Wójkiewicz ◽  
Andrzewj Lewandowski ◽  
Weronika B. Żukowska ◽  
Monika Litkowiec ◽  
Witold Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Black Poplar

Abstract Context Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a keystone species of European riparian ecosystems that has been negatively impacted by riverside urbanization for centuries. Consequently, it has become an endangered tree species in many European countries. The establishment of a suitable rescue plan of the remaining black poplar forest stands requires a preliminary knowledge about the distribution of genetic variation among species populations. However, for some parts of the P. nigra distribution in Europe, the genetic resources and demographic history remain poorly recognized. Aims Here, we present the first study on identifying and characterizing the genetic resources of black poplar from the Oder valley in Poland. This study (1) assessed the genetic variability and effective population size of populations and (2) examined whether gene flow is limited by distance or there is a single migrant pool along the studied river system. Methods A total of 582 poplar trees derived from nine black poplar populations were investigated with nuclear microsatellite markers. Results (1) The allelic richness and heterozygosity level were high and comparable between populations. (2) The genetic structure of the studied poplar stands was not homogenous. (3) The signatures of past bottlenecks were detected. Conclusion Our study (1) provides evidence for genetic substructuring of natural black poplar populations from the studied river catchment, which is not a frequent phenomenon reported for this species in Europe, and (2) indicates which poplar stands may serve as new genetic conservation units (GCUs) of this species in Europe. Key message The genetic resources of black poplar in the Oder River valley are still substantial compared to those reported for rivers in Western Europe. On the other hand, clear signals of isolation by distance and genetic erosion reflected in small effective population sizes and high spatial genetic structure of the analyzed populations were detected. Based on these findings, we recommend the in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for conserving and restoring the genetic resources of black poplar populations in this strongly transformed by human river valley ecosystem.

scholarly journals Genomic prediction models trained with historical records enable populating the German ex situ genebank bio-digital resource center of barley (Hordeum sp.) with information on resistances to soilborne barley mosaic viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Gonzalez ◽  
Yusheng Zhao ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Nils Stein ◽  
Antje Habekuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Digital Resource ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased

AbstractKey messageGenomic prediction with special weight of major genes is a valuable tool to populate bio-digital resource centers.AbstractPhenotypic information of crop genetic resources is a prerequisite for an informed selection that aims to broaden the genetic base of the elite breeding pools. We investigated the potential of genomic prediction based on historical screening data of plant responses against theBarley yellow mosaic virusesfor populating the bio-digital resource center of barley. Our study includes dense marker data for 3838 accessions of winter barley, and historical screening data of 1751 accessions forBarley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV) and of 1771 accessions forBarley mild mosaic virus(BaMMV). Linear mixed models were fitted by considering combinations for the effects of genotypes, years, and locations. The best linear unbiased estimations displayed a broad spectrum of plant responses against BaYMV and BaMMV. Prediction abilities, computed as correlations between predictions and observed phenotypes of accessions, were low for the marker-assisted selection approach amounting to 0.42. In contrast, prediction abilities of genomic best linear unbiased predictions were high, with values of 0.62 for BaYMV and 0.64 for BaMMV. Prediction abilities of genomic prediction were improved by up to ~ 5% using W-BLUP, in which more weight is given to markers with significant major effects found by association mapping. Our results outline the utility of historical screening data and W-BLUP model to predict the performance of the non-phenotyped individuals in genebank collections. The presented strategy can be considered as part of the different approaches used in genebank genomics to valorize genetic resources for their usage in disease resistance breeding and research.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALLELIC DIVERSITY, A PRACTICAL MEANS OF PRESERVING AND USING MINOR ROOT CROP GENETIC RESOURCES

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
VINCENT LEBOT ◽  
ANTON IVANCIC ◽  
KUTTOLAMADATHIL ABRAHAM
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Crop Genetic Resources ◽  
Root Crop

This paper addresses the preservation and use of minor root crop genetic resources, mostly aroids and yams. Conservation is fraught with difficulty: ex situ collections are expensive to maintain and methods for on-farm conservation have not been studied. Conventional breeding strategies present serious limitations when applied to these species. Furthermore, the evaluation and distribution of improved material are as problematical as its conservation. The similarities shared by these species regarding their domestication, breeding constraints and improvement strategies as well as farmers' needs, are briefly reviewed. Based on these biological constraints, we propose a practical alternative to current conservation and breeding strategies. This approach focuses on the geographical distribution of allelic diversity rather than localized ex situ and/or in situ preservation of genotypes. The practical steps are described and discussed. First, a core sample representing the useful diversity of the species is assembled from accessions selected for their diverse and distant geographic origins, wide genetic distances, quality, agronomic performances and functional sexuality. Second, the geographical distribution of this core sample, in vitro via a transit centre, allows the direct use of selected genotypes by farmers or for breeding purposes. Third, the distribution of genes is realized in the form of clones resulting from segregating progenies and, fourth, farmers select clones with local adaptation.

Semen Viability Properties of Sexually Stimulated Boars on the Fertilization Capacity of Artificially Inseminated Large White Sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshepo Teele
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sexual Stimulation ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Fertilization Capacity ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influences of sexual preparation on the effects of boars’ semen viability on the fertilization capacity of artificially inseminated sows. After all, boar sires more pigs than farrowed by a sow which the boar has been mated to improve reproductive parameters in response to AI. Methods: The semen viability of boars were studied during various sexual stimulations and analyzed during the study period. Sperm rich fractions were collected and separated at every level of sexual stimulation during the morning (08:30) and the afternoon (14:30) hours, respectively. Artificial insemination was performed following three levels of sexual preparations of boars (0 minutes of sexual restraint (MSR), 5 MSR and 10 MSR) before semen collection. Receptive sows were inseminated and evaluated for fertility traits using non-return rate, farrowing rate and litter size. Result: The non-return rate was recorded as a percentage of sows conceived after insemination over the total number of sows inseminated. The farrowing rate was recorded as a percentage of sows that farrows over the number of sows conceived and litter size as several live piglets per sow. Sexual desire was influenced by sexual preparations and significantly influenced the fertility of the artificially inseminated sows. This study is of practical significance to the animal breeder mainly because boars have greater influence than sows on the average litter size and live piglets. The study concludes that the use of at least 5 to 10 minutes of sexual restraint during the afternoon periods prior to semen collection and artificial insemination is found to be a practical method for optimizing sperm viability and fertility of sows in the intensive system.

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