scholarly journals Response of Strawberry plant (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonika Chauhan ◽  
Aditya Kumar ◽  
Chhavi Mangla ◽  
Ashok Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Shoot Weight

The present paper represents the positive role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biofertilizers in strawberry. Experiments were carried out to assess the effectiveness of Trichoderma viride and AM fungi (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis) alone or in combination, on the growth and biomass production of strawberry. After 120 days, dual inoculation of A. laevis + T. viride showed maximum increase in plant height (30.5±0.3), fresh shoot weight (10.16±0.20), dry shoot weight (2.82±0.02), fresh root weight (6.70±0.10), total chlorophyll (0.841±0.05) and phosphorus content in root (1.13±0.02) as compared to control. However root colonization and AM spore number were maximum in G. mosseae + A. lavies (90.76±1.32) and in G. mosseae (211.16±2.56) respectively as compared to uninoculated plants. Triple inoculation of G. mosseae + A. laevis + T. viride (12.33± 057) was effective in increasing the leaf area.

scholarly journals Impact of endomycorrhizal fungi and other bioinoculants on growth enhancement of Glycine max (L.) Merrill

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Alpa Alpa ◽  
Neetu Neetu ◽  
Anju Tanwar ◽  
Ashok Aggarwal ◽  
K.K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Shoot Weight

In the present investigation, the contributions of two indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis), along with Trichoderma viride and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on growth parameters of Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill were investigated. The results obtained indicated the dependence of soybean on mycorrhizal symbiosis. The different growth parameters increased significantly after 120 days of inoculation in comparison to control. Among all the growth parameters studied, plant height (162±3.34), fresh shoot weight (31.26±1.45), dry shoot weight (3.52±0.05), fresh root weight (4.07±0.56), dry root weight (1.03±0.03), root length (49.0±4.47) and leaf area (32.58±1.70) were highest in the combination of G. mosseae + A. laevis + T. viride + B. japonicum but arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore number (95.2±3.19) and percent mycorrhizal root colonization (93.26±3.96) were maximum in single inoculation of G. mosseae. Second most effective results were observed in the plants treated with G. mosseae alone. Thus the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and other bioinoculants in rhizosphere of soybean had positive effect on the different growth parameters.

scholarly journals Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma viride on growth performance of Salvia officinalis Linn.

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kumar ◽  
Ashok Aggarwal ◽  
Sunita Kaushish
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Wide Range

Salvia officinalis (Sage) is a popular kitchen herb, member of mint (Lamiaceae) family has been cultivated for its wide range of medicinal values. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are beneficial symbionts for plant growth and development and offer a viable replacement of high input agricultural technology employed for production of environmentally hazardous fertilizers. Therefore, the present study was focused to analyze the effect of two AM fungi (Acalospora laevis and Glomus mosseae) along with Trichoderma viride, alone and in combination, on different growth parameters of S.officinalis in a green house pot experiment with sterilized soil. AM inoculum and T.viride showed significant increase of different growth parameters after 45 and 90 days of inoculation. Among all treatments, dual combination of A.laevis plus T.viride was most effective in increasing shoot length, leaf area, root length, root weight, AM spore number and percent root colonization. Moreover, maximum increase in shoot biomass was found in plant treated with T.viride.

scholarly journals Growth model for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (24) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Schnepf ◽  
T Roose ◽  
P Schweiger
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Solute Uptake ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis

In order to quantify the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to plant phosphorus nutrition, the development and extent of the external fungal mycelium and its nutrient uptake capacity are of particular importance. We develop and analyse a model of the growth of AM fungi associated with plant roots, suitable for describing mechanistically the effects of the fungi on solute uptake by plants. The model describes the development and distribution of the fungal mycelium in soil in terms of the creation and death of hyphae, tip–tip and tip–hypha anastomosis, and the nature of the root–fungus interface. It is calibrated and corroborated using published experimental data for hyphal length densities at different distances away from root surfaces. A good agreement between measured and simulated values was found for three fungal species with different morphologies: Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders; Glomus sp.; and Acaulospora laevis Gerdemann & Trappe associated with Trifolium subterraneum L. The model and findings are expected to contribute to the quantification of the role of AM fungi in plant mineral nutrition and the interpretation of different foraging strategies among fungal species.

scholarly journals Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymatic activity of Euonymus maackii Rupr. under gradient water deficit levels

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259959
Author(s):  
Na Wu ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Sen Meng ◽  
Fei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) in the amelioration of the water deficit-mediated negative influence on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system in Euonymus maackii Rupr. was examined. E. maackii seedlings were subjected to 5 water deficit levels, soil water contents of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% field capacity (FC), and 2 inoculation treatments, with and without AM inoculation. The water deficit increasingly limited the seedling height, biomass accumulation in shoots and roots, chlorophyll content, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters with an increasing water deficit level. In addition, water deficit stimulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), in both shoots and roots, except under 20% FC conditions. E. maackii seedlings under all water deficit conditions formed symbiosis well with AM fungi, which significantly ameliorated the drought-mediated negative effect, especially under 40% and 60% FC conditions. Under 40% to 80% FC conditions, AM formation improved seedling growth and photosynthesis by significantly enhancing the biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content and assimilation. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed better tolerance and less sensitivity to a water deficit, reflected in the lower SOD activities of shoots and roots and CAT activity of shoots under 40% and 60% FC conditions. Downregulation of the antioxidant system in mycorrhizal seedlings suggested better maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of metabolism, including biomass accumulation and assimilation. All the results advocated the positive role of R. intraradices inoculation in E. maackii against a water deficit, especially under 40% FC, which suggested the distinct AM performance in drought tolerance and the potential role of the combination of E. maackii-AM fungi in ecological restoration in arid regions.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth and nodulation of the annual legume messina (Melilotus siculus) under saline and non-saline conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. L. Wilson ◽  
G. J. Ash ◽  
J. D. I. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Saline Land

Messina [Melilotus siculus (Turra) Vitman ex. B. D Jacks] is a salt- and waterlogging-tolerant annual legume that could be highly productive on saline land. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a symbiotic relationship with the majority of terrestrial plant species, and improved productivity of plants inoculated with AM fungi under saline conditions has been attributed to the increased uptake of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). However, the mycorrhizal status of M. siculus under saline or non-saline conditions is unknown, as is the role of AM in improved nutrition and nodulation. In this study, the role of AM fungi in growth improvement and nodulation of M. siculus was examined in saline and non-saline soil. The M. siculus plants were inoculated with either a single AM species or mixed AM species, or remained uninoculated, and were grown at three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 80, and 250 mm NaCl). AM-inoculated plants had significantly greater nodulation than plants that did not receive AM inoculum, regardless of salinity level. Plants inoculated with mixed AM species at 250 mm NaCl showed improved survival (90%) compared with the plants inoculated with single AM species or uninoculated control plants (30%). Within each salinity level, plants inoculated with mixed AM species had significantly greater dry weight than all other treatments. In addition, plants inoculated with mixed AM species had increased total uptake of P. It is likely that the increased growth observed in AM-inoculated M. siculus plants is due to improved P nutrition, showing the potential of AM fungi to enhance the growth of M. siculus on saline land.

scholarly journals Growth Response of TwoPhaseolus mungoL. Cultivars Induced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi andTrichoderma viride

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navnita Sharma ◽  
Kuldeep Yadav ◽  
Ashok Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Acaulospora Laevis ◽  
Am Symbiosis ◽  
The Difference

The present investigation aimed to quantify the difference in response of twoPhaseolus mungoL. cultivars (i.e., UH-1 and IPU-94-1) toGlomus mosseae(G), that is,Funneliformis mosseae,Acaulospora laevis(A), andTrichoderma viride(T), in different combinations or alone. All the treatments were inoculated withBradyrhizobium japonicumto ensure nodulation as soil used in the experiment was sterilized. After 120 days of inoculation, plants were analyzed for chlorophyll content, nodulation, mycorrhization, leaf area, and protein content. Results indicate variation in growth response of two cultivars with different treatments. Triple inoculation of plants with G + A + T proved to be the best treatment for growth followed by G + T in both cultivars. Our work allowed the selection ofP. mungoL. cultivar UH-1 as highly mycorrhizal responsive as compared to IPU-94-1 andG. mosseaeto be an efficient bioinoculant as compared toA. laevisfor growth enhancement ofP. mungo. Further characterization ofP. mungogenotypes will enhance our knowledge of physiological and genetic mechanism behind increase in plant growth and yield due to AM symbiosis.

scholarly journals Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth, Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity of Euonymus Maackii Rupr. Under Gradient Water Deficit Levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wu ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Sen Meng ◽  
Fei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters

Abstract The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Rhizophagus intraradices) in amelioration of water deficit mediated negative influence on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system in Euonymus maackii Rupr. was examined. E. maackii seedlings were subjected to 5 water deficit levels: soil water contents of 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100 % field capacity (FC) respectively, and 2 inoculation treatment: with and without AM inoculation. Water deficit increasingly limited seedlings growth of height, biomass accumulation of shoot and root, chlorophyll content, gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters along the increase of water deficit level. In addition, Water deficit stimulated the activities of antioxidant enzymatic activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of both shoot and root, except under 20 % FC condition. E. maackii seedlings under all water deficit conditions formed AM symbiosis well with AM fungi, which ameliorated the drought mediated negative effect significantly, especially under 40 % and 60 % FC conditions. Under 40 % to 80 % FC conditions, AM formation improved seedlings growth and photosynthesis by significantly enhancing biomass accumulation, chlorophyll content and assimilation. Mycorrhizal seedlings showed better tolerance and less sensitive to water deficit, reflected in lower SOD activities of shoot and root, and CAT activity of shoot under 40 % and 60 % FC conditions. Down-regulation of antioxidant system in mycorrhizal seedlings suggested better maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of metabolism, including biomass accumulation and assimilation. All the results advocated the positive role of R. intraradices inoculation in E. maackii against water deficit, which suggested the potential role of AM fungi in ecological restoration in arid region.

scholarly journals Influence on Different Types of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Crop Productivity in Ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ramakrishnan ◽  
G. Bhuvaneswari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Mycorrhizal Interactions

Mycorrhizal fungi greatly enhanced the ability of plants to take up phosphorus and other nutrients those are relatively immobile and exist in low concentration in the soil solution. Fungi can be important in the uptake of other nutrients by the host plant. Mycorrhizae establish symbiotic relationships with plants and play an essential role in plant growth, disease protection, and overall soil quality. Of the seven types of mycorrhizae described in current scientific literature (arbuscular, ecto, ectendo, arbutoid, monotropoid, ericoid and orchidaceous mycorrhizae), the arbuscular and ectomycorrhizae are the most abundant and widespread. This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge of mycorrhizal interactions, processes, and potential benefits to society. The molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants is presented; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of heavy metal stress and increasing grain production. Most land plants form associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizas are mutualistic associations between fungi and plant roots. They are described as symbiotic because the fungus receives photo synthetically derived carbon compounds and the plant has increased access to mineral nutrients and sometimes water.

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