scholarly journals Relationship of susceptibility and growth stages of plant for development of epidemic of sheath blight in rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramji Singh ◽  
Laxmi Shankar Singh ◽  
Durga Prasad ◽  
R.S. Kureel ◽  
Rakesh Sengar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The present paper deals with most susceptible growth stage of rice with different farms and quantitiy of inoculum for development of sheath blight of rice by Rhizoctonia solani.Among seven different growth stages of rice crop i.e. seedling, initial tillering, maximum tillering, boot leaf, panicle emergence, flowering and dough stage, the flowering stage was found to be most susceptible and highly prone for sheath blight development, while seedling stage was found to be least susceptible and with low proneness for disease development. Disease severity, number and length of lesions get increased with the increasing crop growth stages up to flowering stage and thereafter disease severity decreases with the increases in further growth stages of rice plant. Among four different growth stages of the pathogen (inoculum capacity) i.e. five days old mycelium, seven days old mycelium, milky sclerotial stage and mature sclerotial stage which were inoculated at maximum tillering stage of rice plants, five days old mycelial inoculum was found to be most virulent. Disease severity decreased and incubation period increased with further ageing of inoculum. Among five different amount of inoculum (inoculum density) i.e. 0.20 mg, 5.50 mg, 6.00 mg, 7.00 mg and 8.00 mg of sclerotial inoculum, which were inoculated at maximum tillering stage of rice plants, highest disease severity and minimum incubation period was observed with 8.00 mg amount of sclerotial inoculum. Whereas, least disease severity and longest incubation period was observed when inoculation was done with 0.2 mg of sclerotial inoculum.

scholarly journals Water and heat unit requirement in different growth stages of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) at Bhopal

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-542
Author(s):  
I. J. VERMA ◽  
H. P. DAS ◽  
V. N. JADHAV
Keyword(s):  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Different Growth Stages

In this study, ET data available on Soybean crop for Bhopal during 1991-95 have been utilized.  With regard to water need of the crop, the life span of soybean has been divided into five important growth stages viz., seedling up to 2 weeks after sowing (WAS), vegetative (3-8 WAS), flowering (9-10 WAS), pod development (11-13 WAS), and maturity (14-15 WAS). In this paper, consumptive use of water (ET), Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Heat Units (HU), Heat Use Efficiency (HUE) and crop coefficient (Kc) for different growth stages of the crop have been computed and discussed.                The study revealed that on an average, Soybean crop consumed about 450 mm of water. The average WUE was found to be 3.23 kg /ha/mm. It was also observed that WUE does not depend only on the total amount of water consumed by the crop but also indicates the importance of its distribution during various growth stages. On an average, the crop consumed nearly 7%, 36%, 24%, 25% and 8% of water during seedling, vegetative, flowering, pod development and maturity stage respectively. The crop consumed maximum amount of water during vegetative stage. However, the average weekly ET rate was found to be highest during flowering stage (nearly 52 mm). Average heat unit requirement of soybean was found to be 1694 degree-days. Maximum heat units were required during vegetative stage (638 degree days) followed by pod development stage (358 degree days). The average HUE was found to be 0.86 kg/ha/degree days. Crop coefficient (Kc) values varied in the range 0.30 – 0.45, 0.55 – 0.90, 1.00 – 1.15, 0.85 – 0.70 and 0.55 – 0.40 during seedling, vegetative, flowering, pod development and maturity stage respectively. The crop coefficient values attained the peak during the flowering stage.  

Transfer of radiocesium from the upper part of rice plants after treatment at different growth stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 318 (1) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohmae ◽  
N. Nihei ◽  
A. Hirose ◽  
N. I. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Tanoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice Responses to the Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae at Different Growth Stages

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinglong Chen ◽  
Yulin Jia ◽  
Bo Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most damaging disease for rice worldwide. However, the reactions of rice to M. oryzae at different growth stages are largely unknown. In the present study, two temperate japonica rice cultivars, M-202 and Nipponbare, were inoculated synchronously at different vegetative growth stages, V1 to V10. Plants of M-202 at each stage from V1 to reproductive stage R8 were inoculated with M. oryzae race (isolate) IB-49 (ZN61) under controlled conditions. Disease reactions were recorded 7 days postinoculation by measuring the percentage of diseased area of all leaves, excluding the youngest leaf. The results showed that the plants were significantly susceptible at the V1 to V4 stages with a disease severity of 26.7 to 46.8% and disease index of 18.62 to 37.76 for M-202. At the V1 to V2 stages, the plants were significantly susceptible with a disease a severity of 28.6 to 39.3% and disease index of 23.65 to 29.82 for Nipponbare. Similar results were observed when plants of M-202 were inoculated at each growth stage with a disease severity of 29.7 to 60.6% and disease index of 21.93 to 59.25 from V1 to V4. Susceptibility decreased after the V5 stage (severity 4.6% and index 2.17) and became completely resistant at the V9 to V10 stages and after the reproductive stages, suggesting that plants have enhanced disease resistance at later growth stages. These findings are useful for managing rice blast disease in commercial rice production worldwide.

Irrigation of field peas (Pisum sativum): response to timing at different crop growth stages

1999 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The response of two cultivars of dry harvest field peas (Pisum sativum), Solara and Bohatyr, to irrigation at different growth stages was studied on light soils overlying sand in Nottinghamshire, England in 1990, when the spring was particularly dry, in 1991 which had a dry spring and summer and in contrast, 1992, when rainfall was greater compared with the long-term (40 year) mean.Solara, short haulmed and semi-leafless was more sensitive to drought than the tall conventional-leaved cultivar Bohatyr and gave a greater yield response to irrigation, particularly at the vegetative growth stage in the first two dry years 1990 and 1991, of 108% and 55% respectively, compared with unirrigated plots. Bohatyr was less sensitive to the timing of single applications.In all years, peas irrigated throughout on several occasions produced the highest yields, but this was the least efficient use of water.

scholarly journals Cultural Characteristics, Virulence and In-vitro Chemical Control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli of Bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Siddique ◽  
MKA Bhuiyan ◽  
R Momotaz ◽  
GMM Bari ◽  
MH Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Bush Bean ◽  
Different Growth Stages

An experiment was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) during 2007 to determine the virulence and variation in symptom development by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli isolates at different growth stages such as emergence and early vegetative stage, branching and rapid vegetative growth stage and early flowering stage of Bush bean, and in-vitro control of the pathogen with the selected fungicides. Eight isolates of this pathogen were collected from different pathology laboratory of BARI, BAU and BSMRAU. IS3 isolate collected from Bushbean seeds were found most virulent in pathogenicity test such as pre-emergence mortality, root rot, root lesion, leaf yellowing and wilting when this isolate was inoculated at different growth stages of bush bean. Four fungicides such as Vitavax, Rovral, Cupravit and Aimcozim were evaluated invitro to test the efficacy against isolate IS3. Aimcozim at different concentration (50-400 ppm) was found most effective in in-vitro evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19865 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 103-110

scholarly journals Effects of GGT and C-S Lyase on the Generation of Endogenous Formaldehyde in Lentinula edodes at Different Growth Stages

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei ◽  
Gao ◽  
Feng ◽  
Huang ◽  
Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Endogenous formaldehyde is generated as a normal metabolite via bio-catalysis of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase (C-S lyase) during the growth and development of Lentinula edodes. In this study, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels, the activities of GGT and C-S lyase, and the endogenous formaldehyde content in L. edodes at different growth stages. With the growth of L. edodes, a decrease was found in the mRNA and protein expression levels of GGT, while an increase was observed in the mRNA and protein expression levels of C-S lyase as well as the activities of GGT and C-S lyase. Our results revealed for the first time a positive relationship of formaldehyde content with the expression levels of Csl (encoding Lecsl) and Lecsl (C-S lyase protein of Lentinula edodes) as well as the enzyme activities of C-S lyase and GGT during the growth of L. edodes. This research provided a molecular basis for understanding and controlling the endogenous formaldehyde formation in Lentinula edodes in the process of growth.

Fusarium head blight development and trichothecene accumulation in point inoculated Fusarium infected wheat heads

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gautam ◽  
R. Dill-Macky
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch] is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically important disease of wheat, in North America. Warm and humid environments at and shortly after anthesis favour FHB. FHB results in yield losses and quality losses in infected grain due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. The objective of this study was to characterise the influence of different F. graminearum isolates and host resistance on FHB development and mycotoxin accumulation. A series of two greenhouse experiments were established where five single isolates of F. graminearum were tested. Three wheat cultivars were examined: Alsen (moderately resistant), 2375 (moderately susceptible) and Wheaton (susceptible). In the point-inoculation experiments, ca. 1000 conidia were placed into a central spikelet of spikes at anthesis. Point-inoculated spikelets were sampled at different growth stages up to soft dough stage. Samples from both experiment series were analysed for mycotoxins. The susceptible cultivar Wheaton had both the highest FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation. The spread of symptoms both below and above the inoculated central spikelet was significantly higher in 2375 and Wheaton than Alsen. Though deoxynivalenol (DON) did not peak and decline in all experiments, when a peak in the DON content was present it was earlier in 2375 (early milk) than in either Alsen (early dough) or Wheaton (late milk). Though the isolates did not rank similarly in all experiments and in all cultivars, generally isolates Butte86Ada-11 and B63A were more aggressive and isolates 49-3 and B45A were less aggressive in terms of disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation.

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on the yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Buntain ◽  
B Chung
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation and nitrogen applied at different growth stages on the oil and anethole yields of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), and its yield components. Irrigation increased the yield of whole plant dry matter, with the stem elongation stage being the most sensitive. Full irrigation and irrigation applied during the flowering and late flowering growth stages increased umbel and oil yields. Irrigation during the late flowering stage made the greatest contribution to oil yield, accounting for >80% of the yield due to full irrigation. This was attributed to the concurrent timing of irrigation during the late flowering stage with dry conditions and the development of the main oil-bearing structures, the secondary and tertiary umbels. Irrigation had no significant effect on the anethole concentration of the oil. The best economic return was achieved by irrigating during the late flowering stage. There was no significant effect of nitrogen on any of the yield components measured in this study.

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