How Teachers Explain Students’ Academic Performance: A Categorization of Free Response Academic Attributions

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harris M. Cooper ◽  
Jerry M. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Efficacy ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Teacher Influence ◽  
Free Response ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Behavior Intentions ◽  
And Performance

A 12-category scheme is presented, which synthesizes systems developed by Frieze, Bar-Tal and Darom, and the present authors. The attribution categories vary along three dimensions relevant to teacher behavior: internality, stability, and teacher efficacy (or the degrees of teacher influence over the performance outcome). A study is then reported which found (1) students training to be teachers were aware of the teacher efficacy implications of attributions and (2) teacher efficacy was related to behavior intentions. Finally, examination of the convergent validity of academic attribution findings indicates that conclusions regarding (1) teacher expectations and performance attributions, and (2) unexpected events are methodologically robust.

scholarly journals Good practices for the translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of clinician-reported outcome, observer-reported outcome, and performance outcome measures

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn McKown ◽  
Catherine Acquadro ◽  
Caroline Anfray ◽  
Benjamin Arnold ◽  
Sonya Eremenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Linguistic Validation ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Clinical Outcome Assessments ◽  
Translation And Cultural Adaptation

Abstract Within current literature and practice, the category of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures has been expanded into the broader category of clinical outcome assessments (COAs), which includes the subcategory of PRO, as well as clinician-reported outcome (ClinRO), observer-reported outcome (ObsRO), and performance outcome (PerfO) measure subcategories. However, despite this conceptual expansion, recommendations associated with translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation of COAs remain focused on PRO measures, which has created a gap in specific process recommendations for the remaining types. This lack of recommendations has led to inconsistent approaches being implemented, leading to uncertainty in the scientific community regarding suitable methods. To address this gap, the ISOQOL Translation and Cultural Adaptation Special Interest Group (TCA-SIG) has developed recommendations specific to each of the three COA types currently lacking such documentation to support a standardized approach to their translation, cultural adaptation, and linguistic validation. The recommended process utilized to translate ObsRO, ClinRO and PerfO measures from one language to another aligns closely with the industry standard process for PRO measures. The substantial differences between respondent categories across COA types require targeted approaches to the cognitive interviewing procedures utilized within the linguistic validation process, including the use of patients for patient-facing text in ClinRO measures, and the need to interview the targeted observers for ObsROs measures.

scholarly journals Different Reasons for Different Responses: A Review of Incumbents’ Adaptation in Carbon-Intensive Industries

2020 ◽  
pp. 108602661989399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Sump ◽  
Sangyoon Yi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Organizational Adaptation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Heterogeneity

Organizations often respond in different ways to common external shocks. To advance theories on organizational adaptation and performance heterogeneity, it is essential to understand different reasons for different organizational responses. We examine how incumbents in carbon-intensive industries adapt to heightened environmental pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Based on a review of the literature, we propose three dimensions along which diverse organizational responses can be efficiently mapped out: goal, timing, and scope. Building on our proposed dimensions, we develop a typology of five different organizational responses. With this, we show that organizational responses are more diverse than a one-dimensional scale could show but that the heterogeneity is somehow limited as the positions on the dimensions are not independent but correlated. To understand this observed limited heterogeneity, we proceed by identifying reasons behind different organizational responses. Furthermore, we discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for research on organizational adaptation and sustainability.

scholarly journals Perceptions of emotional abuse in the coach–athlete relationship in youth sport: The influence of competitive level and outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 772-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misia Gervis ◽  
Daniel Rhind ◽  
Amber Luzar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Abusive Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects

Emotional abuse has been highlighted as a key issue within the youth sport context. The present study investigated how perceptions of emotional abuse are influenced by situational factors. Two hundred and eight participants (107 athletes and 101 coaches) were shown a series of vignettes depicting emotionally abusive behaviour by a coach towards a 14-year-old athlete. Differences in perceptions were explored in relation to the level of competition (elite, county and club) and performance outcome (successful/unsuccessful) depicted in the vignette. Participants rated each vignette on a 5-point scale in terms of the extent to which the coach’s behaviour had an impact on the athlete’s performance and well-being as well as the perceived commonality and acceptability of the behaviour. Two-way ANOVAs revealed that competitive level and performance outcome, both as main effects and as an interaction, significantly influenced perceptions. These findings can inform policy and practice to change attitudes and behaviours which support and justify emotionally abusive behaviours in youth sport contexts.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance about Disaster Management: A Case of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Sedighe S. T. Far ◽  
Milad A. Marzaleh ◽  
Nasrin Shokrpour ◽  
Ramin Ravangard
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Background: Iran is a disaster-prone country in which many natural and man-made disasters happen every year. Because the health sector is vital due to its nature of treatment and rehabilitation of the injured after the disasters, all health care providers, especially hospital nurses, should be prepared to provide the services they need. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and performance of nurses about disaster management in teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a sample of 230 nurses working in the teaching hospitals of Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, who were selected using the stratified sampling proportional to size and simple random sampling methods. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire containing 20 questions in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and performance. Then, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 through independent samples t-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests at the significance level of 5%. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest mean scores were related to the attitude (2.38±0.19) and knowledge (1.70±0.50) of the nurses, respectively. However, all three dimensions were at a moderate level. The results showed significant relationships between the mean score of performance and the gender, marital status, age, and work experience of the nurses. In addition, statistically significant relationships were found between the mean score of knowledge and their age and work experience (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, the following suggestions can be made to increase the knowledge and performance of the nurses for being prepared in critical situations: reducing the duration and increasing the quality of training classes and workshops on disaster preparedness; providing some incentives for nurses, especially female, married, older, and more experienced ones to attend these classes; and improving the methods of training materials related to disaster management.

scholarly journals Do Frugal and Reverse Innovation Foster Sustainability? Introduction of a Conceptual Framework

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brem ◽  
Björn Ivens
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Reverse Innovation ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The fields of frugal and reverse innovation as well as sustainability and its management have received tremendous interest in recent times. However, there is little literature on how both fields are related to each other. Hence, this paper gives an overview of research in both areas and provides a view of the relationship between frugal and reverse innovation, sustainability management and performance constructs. The link between frugal and reverse innovation on the one hand and sustainability performance on the other hand is established through a differentiated perspective on dimensions representing different fields of sustainability management, i.e. the sustainability of resources used in value creation, the sustainability of the actual value creation processes, and the sustainability of the outcomes of value creation processes. Moreover, we also argue for a positive link between the three dimensions of sustainability management and a company’s market performance.

scholarly journals Size perception and performance outcome in a dart-throwing task under psychological pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-455
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Tanaka ◽  
Kenta Karakida ◽  
Takayuki Murayama ◽  
Yufu M. Tanaka ◽  
Kana Goto
Keyword(s):  
Size Perception ◽  
Performance Outcome ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
And Performance

SALESPEOPLE MOTIVATION AS KEY FACTOR IN ACHIEVING SALES MANAGEMENT GOALS IN HOTEL INDUSTRY

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Darko Lacmanović
Keyword(s):  
Sales Management ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sales Managers ◽  
Job Commitment ◽  
Sales Personnel ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
And Performance

Sales management acitivities such as monitoring, directing, evaluation and rewarding represents useful ways for increasing the salesperson job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Motivating the sales effort ussually include three dimensions: intensivity, persistence and choice. By inspiring salespeople on greater job commitment, sales managers keep managerial tools to stimulate latent sales efforts and performance. Rewarding system based on »straight« salary result in unmotivated sales personnel who, in that case, connect their work engagement solely with realization of working hours not with realization of sales volume. Segmentation of sales force, grouping the salespersons according to their motivation needs and offering them diverse rewarding systems per each group, presents inovative approach to challenges of motivation the salespeople.

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