Teacher Sorting and the Plight of Urban Schools: A Descriptive Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Lankford ◽  
Susanna Loeb ◽  
James Wyckoff
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Students ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
New York State ◽  
Qualified Teachers ◽  
Over Time

This paper uses rich new data on New York State teachers to: determine how much variation in the average attributes of teachers exists across schools, identify schools that have the least-qualified teachers, assess whether the distribution has changed over time, and determine how the distribution of teachers is impacted by attrition and transfer, as well as by the job matches between teachers and schools at the start of careers. Our results show striking differences in the qualifications of teachers across schools. Urban schools, in particular, have lesser-qualified teachers; and New York City stands out among urban areas. Low-income, low-achieving and non-white students, particularly those in urban areas, find themselves in classes with many of the least skilled teachers. Salary variation rarely compensates for the apparent difficulties of teaching in urban settings and, in some cases, contributes to the disparities.

scholarly journals Three months of informational trends in COVID-19 across New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-450
Author(s):  
Wil Lieberman-Cribbin ◽  
Naomi Alpert ◽  
Adam Gonzalez ◽  
Rebecca M Schwartz ◽  
Emanuela Taioli
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
New York State ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In the midst of widespread community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, residents have sought information about COVID-19. We analyzed trends in New York State (NYS) and New York City (NYC) data to quantify the extent of COVID-19-related queries. Data on the number of 311 calls in NYC, Google Trend data on the search term ‘Coronavirus’ and information about trends in COVID-19 cases in NYS and the USA were compiled from multiple sources. There were 1228 994 total calls to 311 between 22 January 2020 and 22 April 2020, with 50 845 calls specific to COVID-19 in the study period. The proportion of 311 calls related to COVID-19 increased over time, while the ‘interest over time’ of the search term ‘Coronavirus’ has exponentially increased since the end of February 2020. It is vital that public health officials provide clear and up-to-date information about protective measures and crucial communications to respond to information-seeking behavior across NYC.

scholarly journals LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE IN VARIOUS CITIES OF THE WORLD (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Liliya Zhuykova ◽  
Yevgeniy Choynzonov ◽  
Olga Ananina ◽  
Nina Lyakhova ◽  
Lidiya Pikalova
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
New York State ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Lung Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Apart from smoking, an urban factor is an established risk factor for lung cancer. Lung cancer is associated with environmental factors, occupational exposure, bad habits and lifestyle factors. Approximately 17% of the annual deaths from lung cancer among adults are attributable to exposure to carcinogens located in the surface layer of the urban atmosphere, with industrial pollution and occupational hazards. According to recent data, 97% of cities in low- and middle-income countries with a population of more than 100 thousand people do not meet WHO recommendations for air quality; in high-income countries, this figure has been reduced to 49%. In the United States, the studies demonstrated that the prevalence of combined lung cancer was higher in urban areas (10.2%) than in rural areas (4.8%). There was a difference in the lung cancer incidence rates between the populations of the New York City and the New York State. In males, the lung cancer incidence rates were 1.4 times higher in the New York City than in the New York State (68.9 ± 1.2 0/0000 versus 48.5 ± 0.2 0/0000). In females, the lung cancer incidence rates were 1.2 times higher in the New York City than in the New York State (43.0 ± 0.3 and 34.9 ± 0.1 0/0000, respectively). In China, in urban areas, the lung cancer incidence mortality rates were 36.6 0/0000 and 28.9 0/0000, respectively. In rural areas, the corresponding values were 33.4 and 26.6 0/0000, respectively. Although the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in urban areas than in rural areas, these differences are gradually decreasing: the incidence rate between urban and rural areas has decreased from 2.1 to 1.1. The issue of the impact of environment on the incidence of lung cancer is challenging. The outdoor environment affects people’s health with varying degrees of intensity both in time and in space.

Practical Philanthropy: The Phelps-Stokes Fund and Housing

Prospects ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 359-411
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Low Income ◽  
White Students ◽  
York City ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Income Housing

Improving low-income housing in New York City was one of two objectives for the Phelps-Stokes Fund when it was incorporated in 1911. Enhancing educational opportunities for African-Americans, Native Americans, Africans, and needy white students was the other. Both represented lifelong concerns of Caroline Phelps Stokes (1854–1909), whose bequest financed the fund.

scholarly journals Exploring the Next Frontier for Tobacco Control: Nondaily Smoking among New York City Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Sacks ◽  
Micaela H. Coady ◽  
Ijeoma G. Mbamalu ◽  
Michael Johns ◽  
Susan M. Kansagra
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
Nondaily Smoking ◽  
Over Time

Objective. Among current smokers, the proportion of Nondaily smokers is increasing. A better understanding of the characteristics and smoking behaviors of Nondaily smokers is needed.Methods. We analyzed data from the New York City (NYC) Community Health Survey to explore Nondaily smoking among NYC adults. Univariate analyses assessed changes in Nondaily smoking over time (2002–2010) and identified unique characteristics of Nondaily smokers; multivariable logistic regression analysis identified correlates of Nondaily smoking in 2010.Results. The proportion of smokers who engage in Nondaily smoking significantly increased between 2002 and 2010, from 31% to 36% (P=0.05). A larger proportion of Nondaily smokers in 2010 were low income and made tax-avoidant cigarette purchases compared to 2002. Smoking behaviors significantly associated with Nondaily smoking in 2010 included smoking more than one hour after waking (AOR=8.8, 95% CI (5.38–14.27)); buying “loosies” (AOR=3.5, 95% CI (1.72–7.08)); attempting to quit (AOR=2.3, 95% CI (1.36–3.96)).Conclusion. Nondaily smokers have changed over time and have characteristics distinct from daily smokers. Tobacco control efforts should be targeted towards “ready to quit” Nondaily smokers.

Cultural Competence Needed to Distinguish Disorder from Difference: Beyond Kumbaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Crowley ◽  
Kristin Guest ◽  
Kenay Sudler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
York City ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
New York State ◽  
Deep Understanding

What does it mean to have true cultural competence as an speech-language pathologist (SLP)? In some areas of practice it may be enough to develop a perspective that values the expectations and identity of our clients and see them as partners in the therapeutic process. But when clinicians are asked to distinguish a language difference from a language disorder, cultural sensitivity is not enough. Rather, in these cases, cultural competence requires knowledge and skills in gathering data about a student's cultural and linguistic background and analyzing the student's language samples from that perspective. This article describes one American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)-accredited graduate program in speech-language pathology and its approach to putting students on the path to becoming culturally competent SLPs, including challenges faced along the way. At Teachers College, Columbia University (TC) the program infuses knowledge of bilingualism and multiculturalism throughout the curriculum and offers bilingual students the opportunity to receive New York State certification as bilingual clinicians. Graduate students must demonstrate a deep understanding of the grammar of Standard American English and other varieties of English particularly those spoken in and around New York City. Two recent graduates of this graduate program contribute their perspectives on continuing to develop cultural competence while working with diverse students in New York City public schools.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Psychological Effects of the September 11, 2001, Attacks on New York City: Developing and Implementing Research in the Acute Postdisaster Period

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Heidi Resnick ◽  
Dean Kilpatrick ◽  
Michael J. Bucuvalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Time Interval

ABSTRACTThe September 11, 2001, attack on New York City was the largest human-made disaster in United States history. In the first few days after the attack, it became clear that the scope of the attacks (including loss of life, property damage, and financial strain) was unprecedented and that the attacks could result in substantial psychological sequelae in the city population. Researchers at the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies at the New York Academy of Medicine designed and implemented an assessment of the mental health of New Yorkers 5—8 weeks after the attacks. To implement this research in the immediate postdisaster period, researchers at the center had to develop, in a compressed time interval, new academic collaborations, links with potential funders, and unique safeguards for study respondents who may have been suffering from acute psychological distress. Results of the assessment contributed to a New York state mental health needs assessment that secured Federal Emergency Management Agency funding for mental health programs in New York City. This experience suggests that mechanisms should be in place for rapid implementation of mental health assessments after disasters.

scholarly journals 440. Clinical Characteristics of Early Noncritical Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Single-Center Retrospective Study in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S287-S288
Author(s):  
Michelle Lee ◽  
Mona Fayad ◽  
Tarub Mabud ◽  
Paulino Tallon de Lara ◽  
Adiac Espinosa Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
New York State ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Study Cohort

Abstract Background COVID-19 first originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of April 9, 2020, New York State had become the single largest global epicenter of COVID-19. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of the first 33 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 admitted from the emergency department to a general medicine unit in a single academic hospital in New York City between March 11th to March 27th, 2020. Patient’s demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiographic investigations, treatments and clinical outcomes were retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical record and followed until April 10th, 2020. Patients were divided into severe and nonsevere sub-cohorts. Statistics were descriptive in nature. Results The study cohort (median age 68 yr, 67% male) presented with subjective fevers (82%), cough (88%), and dyspnea (76%). The median incubation period was 3 days. Most cases met SIRS criteria upon admission (76%). Patients had elevated inflammatory markers. Patients were treated with antimicrobials, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and varying levels of supplemental oxygen. Mortality was 15% and 18% of the cohort required intensive care services. Conclusion Patient age, presenting clinical symptoms, comorbidity profile, laboratory biomarkers, and radiographic features are consistent with findings published from China. Severe patients had peaks in inflammatory biomarkers later in the hospitalization, which may be useful to trend. Further studies are necessary to create guidelines to better risk-stratify COVID-19 patients based on clinical severity. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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