scholarly journals The Effect of Diyala River Water Quality on the Quality of Tigris River Water using GIS Mapping

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Fatima Muqdad Al-Rubaie ◽  
Nawar Omran Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Diyala River

The assessment of a river water’ quality is an essential procedure of monitor programs and is used to collect basic environmental data. The management of integrated water resources in a sustainable method is also necessary to allow future generations to meet their water needs. The main objective of this research is to assess the effect of the Diyala River on Tigris River water quality using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Water samples have been collected monthly from November 2017 to April 2018 from four selected locations in Tigris and Diyala Rivers using the grab sampling method. Fourteen parameters were studied which are Turbidity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, Sodium, and Total Alkalinity. The results of GIS maps showed that the water quality of the Tigris River nearly affected by the water quality of the Diyala River within the locations selected. The maps also reveal that in March and April 2018 the quality of surface water got a sudden peak compared with the other months. This is due to the increase in both the parameter of Turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids.  

scholarly journals Evaluation water quality of Diyala River in Iraq using Bhargava method

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Nawar Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Good For ◽  
Diyala River

Diyala River is a tributary of Tigris River, it is one of the important rivers in Iraq. It covers a total distance of 445 km (275 miles). 32600 km2 is the area that drains by Diyala River between Iraqi-Iranian borders. This research aims to evaluate the water quality index WQI of Diyala River, where three stations were chosen along the river. These stations are D12 at Jalawlaa City at the beginning of Diyala River, the second station is D15 at Baaquba City at the mid distance of the river, and the third station is D17 which is the last station before the confluence of Diyala River with Tigris River at Baghdad city. Bhargava method was used in order to evaluate the water quality index for both irrigation and drinking uses. The results indicated that Diyala river water quality at its beginning was excellent for irrigation and good for drinking, while at the mid distance of the river, it was good for irrigation but heavily polluted and unsafe for drinking. Water quality of the river at the third site was acceptable for irrigation but again severely polluted and unsafe for drinking.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality of Major Tributaries in Seoul using Water Quality Index and Cluster Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 452-462
Author(s):  
Jinhyo Lee ◽  
Hyunju Ha ◽  
Manho Lee ◽  
Mokyoung Lee ◽  
Taeho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
River Water ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Quality Information ◽  
Linkage Method ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Objectives : 17 water quality measurement networks (WQMNs, tributaries) in Seoul were analyzed by using NSFWQI and cluster analysis to provide basic data for future river water quality management so that citizens could easily and comprehensively understand the water quality information on the rivers in Seoul.Methods : For the past 3 years (2015~2017), in order to estimate WQI, 9 items, DO (% sat), Fecal coliform, pH, BOD, Temperature change (TC), TP, NO3-, Turbidity and Total solids, were selected from among the 19 water quality data measurement items produced monthly from 17 WQMNs in Seoul. WQI was derived and graded using NSFWQI and cluster analysis was performed using Ward Linkage Method, SOM (Self Organizing Map).Results and Discussion : Water quality of most water quality monitoring networks was BOD Ⅱ grade (slightly good) or higher and TP Ⅲ grade (normal) or higher according to the standard of water quality and water ecosystem river living environment, and NSFWQI was also 64 (Medium)~89 (Good). All showed good water quality. NSFWQI does not show a significant difference by season, so it is believed that it is affected by anthropogenic sources rather than seasonal effects. As a result of examining the correlation between NSFWQI and water quality level according to environmental standards, it was confirmed that R2 has a relatively good correlation with 0.78, and there is no clear difference between the two groups, and through this, it was found that the currently implemented water quality rating system and NSFWQI are well matched. As a result of cluster analysis using ward linkage method and SOM for 17 WQMNs, it was largely divided into 6 groups according to water quality characteristics.Conclusions : It is important to manage pollution sources to systematically manage river water quality as a water resource. It is therefore expected that by converting from the complicated and various water quality information such as is found in this study into a simple water quality index and grouping, the river water quality can be easily understood and can be utilized in the future as basic data for water quality management in Seoul.

scholarly journals Unfolding Water Quality Status During COVID-19 Lockdown for the Highly Polluted Santiago River in Jalisco, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy ◽  
Fermín Pérez-Guevara ◽  
Ignacio Elizalde Martinez ◽  
Shruti Venkata Chari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
The Government ◽  
Temporary Closure

Abstract The Santiago River is one of Mexico's most polluted waterways and evaluating its surface water quality during the COVID-19 outbreak is critical to assessing the changes and improvements, if any, from the nationwide lockdown (April-May 2020). Hence, the data for 12 water quality parameters from 13 sampling stations during April-May 2020 (lockdown) were compared with the levels for the same period of 2019 (pre-lockdown) and with the same interval of previous eleven-years (2009-2019). The values of BOD (14%), COD (29%), TSS (7%), f. coli (31%), t. coli (14%) and Pb (20%) declined, while pH, EC, turbidity, total nitrogen and As enhanced by 0.3-21% during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown period suggesting decrements of organic load in the river due to the temporary closure of industrial and commercial activities. An eleven-year comparison estimated the reduction of pH, TSS, COD, total nitrogen and Pb by 1-38%. The analysis of water quality index estimates showed short-term improvements of river water quality in the lockdown period, compared to pre-lockdown and eleven-year trend as well as indicated very poor quality of the river. The contamination sources identified by factor analysis were mainly related to untreated domestic sewage, industrial wastewaters and agriculture effluents influencing the river water quality. Overall, our findings demonstrated positive responses of COVID-19 imposed lockdown on water quality of the Santiago River during the study period, providing a foundation for the government policy makers to identify the sources of pollution, to better design environmental policies and plans for water quality improvements.

Survey of the Water Quality of the Bahar County Streams (Iran) by NSFWQI

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Abbas Ghaffari Habib ◽  
Seyed Hadi Khatami
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
The Mean

In Bahar County (Iran), rivers are among the important sources of water for the agricultural sector. Therefore, this research evaluated the parameters of temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, nitrate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and fecal coliform at five stations for five months (from February 2015 to June 2015) to determine water quality in the rivers. Based on this evaluation, the NSFWQI index was calculated and, finally, the routes of the rivers were zoned. The best water quality was recorded at Station Number 3 with the NSFWQI Value of 80 in January, and the worst at Station Number 5 (latgah) with the NSFWQI Value of 37 in June. Based on the mean NSFWQI indices, water quality was Medium at Stations Number 1, 2, and 4, good at Station Number 3, and bad at Station number 5.

Assessment of Godavari River Water Quality of Nanded City, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1117-1129
Author(s):  
P. R. Shaikh ◽  
Girish Deore ◽  
A. D. Pathare ◽  
D. V. Pathare ◽  
R. S. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Godavari River

Assessment of Godavari River Water Quality of Nanded City, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 947-961
Author(s):  
P. R. Shaikh ◽  
Girish Deore ◽  
A. D. Pathare ◽  
D. V. Pathare ◽  
R. S. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Godavari River

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Mayur River in Khulna City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hashan ◽  
S.M. Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Phosphate Nitrate

Abstract River water quality is one of the foremost concerns now a days as it plays a significant role in human and aquatic life. Mayur River, located on the northwestern side of the Khulna city, is important from numerous points of view like freshwater reservoir, navigation, water source for irrigation, ground for fishing and the main wastewater route of Khulna city. However along with human interruption, the unplanned and untreated crude dumping of domestic, industrial and household waste into it, the natural flow of the river is totally retarded and the river water quality has been degraded on a large scale due to water pollution. This pollution has colossal negative impact on day to day life of the inhabitants living alongside of this river as they use this water for domestic and sometimes drinking purposes. That is where the significance of assessing the water quality of Mayur River has come from. The core objectives of this study is to assess the water quality of Mayur River and to develop a model using statistical analysis between water quality parameters (WQP) and water quality index (WQI) to interpret relationship among them. Water quality was assessed on the basis of WQI calculation using National Sanitary Foundation water quality index method. The temporal WQI value showed that the water quality in Mayur River got worse in dry season than that of wet season due to dilution. Much higher values were obtained in case of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, total solids (TS), chloride, phosphate, nitrate and fecal coliform (FC). Pearson correlation coefficient shows negative relationship among temporal average WQI with other parameters except pH. Regression analysis indicates that 99.7% proportion of variance of dependent variable (temporal average WQI) can be predicted from the independent variables (Dissolved Oxygen (% saturation), BOD, turbidity, TS, pH, temperature change, phosphate, nitrate and FC). Total nine prediction equations were formed using regression coefficients that may be helpful to predict the WQI on the basis of WQP in future.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos sebagai Indikator Kualitas Air Sungai Cisadane, Jawa Barat – Banten (Macrozoobenthos diversity as indicator of water quality of Cisadane River)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Polluted Station

AbstrakSungai Cisadane memiliki multifungsi untuk kebutuhan pertanian, rumah tangga dan industri. Namun, kegiatan manusia di Daerah Aliran Sungai/DAS Cisadane dan di Sungai Cisadane dapat mengancam fungsi dan nilai ekosistem S.Cisadane. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanakeragaman makrozoobentos sebagai indikator kualitas air S.Cisadane. Penelitian dilakukan di sembilan (9) titik di sepanjang Sungai Cisadane dari hulu hingga hilir. Sampel makrozoobentos dikoleksi dengan jala surber dan Eckman Grabb. Pada musim kemarau, kekayaan taksa makrozoobentos terendah di bagian tengah dan hilir hilir (8 taksa) dan tertinggi di hulu (20 taksa). Kualitas air sungai ditentukan berdasarkan Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’). Kualitas air S.Cisadane yaitu baik/tercemar sangat ringan di hulu (Stasiun 1), cukup baik/tercemar ringan di hulu - tengah (Stasiun 2-5), sedang/tercemar sedang tengah mendekati hilir (Stasiun 6), dan buruk/tercemar berat di hilir (Stasiun 7-9).Kata kunci: kualitas air, makrozoobentos, Sungai CisadaneAbstractCisadane River has multifunction i.e. agriculture, domestic and industry. All human activities in Cisadane Watershed and in Cisadane River could threat function and value of Cisadane River. The aim of this research was to analysis macrozoobenthos diversity as bioindicator of Cisadane River. Nine (9) stations were designed along Cisadane River from up to downstream. Samples were collected with Surber net and Eckman Grabb. The taxa richness decreased from upstream (20 taxa) to downstream (8 taxa).Based on Shannon-Wiener (H’), the water quality of Cisadane River were classified i.e. good (Station 1), quite good/slightly polluted (Station 2-5), moderate/moderately polluted (Station 6), and not good/ heavily polluted (Station 7-9).Keywords: Cisadane River, water quality, macrozoobenthos

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