Direct Alloying of Steel with Manganese in Electrosmelting

The reducing process of boron-containing slag at low temperature is an important stage of the direct alloying for smelting boron steel. At low temperature boron slag generates mainly solid - solid reaction in the sintering period. The experiments were done on the carbon tube furnace in laboratory, and the effect of slag reaction in different times at 1200°C was researched. The samples were analyzed by XRD after the reaction. The experimental results shown that the reduction rate increased by increasing reducing time. The chemical reducing reaction of boron oxide by ferrosilicon is second-order reaction at solid state.

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STEM Analysis of Atom Location in (Cu, Au, Ni)6Sn5 Intermetallic Compounds

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.273.95 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

Wen Hui Yang ◽

Tomokazu Yamamoto ◽

Kazuhiro Nogita ◽

Syo Matsumura

Keyword(s):

Dark Field ◽

Hexagonal Structure ◽

Atomic Resolution ◽

Chemical Mapping ◽

Soldering Process ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Annular Dark Field ◽

Direct Alloying ◽

Resolution Level ◽

Evolution Of Microstructure

Cu6Sn5 is an important intermetallic compound in soldering and electronic packaging. It is formed at the interface between molten solder and substrate during the soldering process, and the evolution of microstructure and properties also occurs in service. Previous studies revealed that Au and Ni are stabilization alloying elements for hexagonal η-Cu6Sn5 intermetallic. For better understanding of stabilization mechanisms at atomic resolution level, in this work, we made an attempt atomic structure analysis on a stoichiometric (Cu, Au, Ni)6Sn5 intermetallic prepared by direct alloying. High-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging and atomic-resolution chemical mapping were taken by the aberration-corrected (Cs-corrected) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It is found that Au and Ni doped Cu6Sn5 has hexagonal structure. The atom sites of Cu1 and Sn can be distinguished in atomic-resolution images after being observed from orientation [2110], which is also confirmed by atomic-resolution chemical mapping analysis. Importantly, atomic-resolution about distribution of alloying Au atom was directly observed, and Au atoms occupy the Cu1 sites in η-Cu6Sn5.

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Research on Smelting Vanadium Steel by Silicothermic Reduction Direct Alloying with V2O5

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 476-478 ◽

pp. 164-169

Author(s):

Wei Xiang Wang ◽

Zheng Liang Xue ◽

Sheng Qiang Song ◽

Ping Li ◽

Zhi Chao Chen

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Thermodynamic Analysis ◽

Induction Furnace ◽

Tube Furnace ◽

Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽

Medium Frequency ◽

Carbon Tube ◽

Silicothermic Reduction ◽

Direct Alloying

The basic thermodynamic analysis of silicothermic reduction during direct alloying to smelting vanadium steel with V2O5 was discussed in this paper. The high-temperature carbon tube furnace and medium frequency vacuum induction furnace were used to study the phase compositions of the reduction products and the change law of the yield of vanadium when V2O5 was reduced by ferrosilicon. The research shows that the main phases of the silicothermic reduction products were VSi2、FeVO4 and Ca2SiO4 under the condition of using CaO to restrain the volatile of V2O5. Yield of vanadium was gradually improved with the increase of ferrosilicon during the direct alloying. The yield of vanadium in the steel is as high as 95.25% when the addition of ferrosilicon is 35%.

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Carbothermic Reduction of MoO3 for Direct Alloying Process

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International ◽

10.1016/s1006-706x(13)60176-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hang-yu Zhu ◽

Zheng-bang Li ◽

Hai-sen Yang ◽

Lin-gen Luo

Keyword(s):

Carbothermic Reduction ◽

Direct Alloying

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Direct Alloying of Silicon in Liquid Steel by Molten Slag Electrolysis

ISIJ International ◽

10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2016-344 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 2327-2329

Author(s):

Jun-Hao Liu ◽

Guo-Hua Zhang ◽

Kuo-Chih Chou

Keyword(s):

Liquid Steel ◽

Molten Slag ◽

Direct Alloying

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Research on High-Temperature Volatilization Characteristics of V2O5 during Direct Alloying of Smelting Vanadium Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.182 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 557-559 ◽

pp. 182-186

Author(s):

Wei Xiang Wang ◽

Zheng Liang Xue ◽

Sheng Qiang Song ◽

Ping Li ◽

Zhi Chao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Direct Alloying

This paper mainly researches the volatile phenomenon of V2O5 at high-temperature and the appropriate additions to depress volatilization of V2O5 effectively during direct alloying with V2O5 to smelting vanadium steel. It shows that the volatilization loss of V2O5 is 4.34% when V2O5 is heated to 1600°C for 10 minutes. The reductant ferrosilicon and additives CaO can depress the volatilization of V2O5 effectively. The volatilization loss of V2O5 decreases to 1.55% at 1600°C when the mass ratio of ferrosilicon to V2O5 is 1:1. CaO can react with V2O5 to form calcium vanadate to decrease the activity of V2O5. The volatilization loss of V2O5 decreases to 1.82% with adding 48.0% CaO in the V2O5–CaO system at 1600°C. The volatilization loss of V2O5 with adding more than 30% CaO can decrease to 0.48% when keeping the mass ratio of ferrosilicon to V2O5 is 1:1.

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Construction of an n-Body Potential for Revealing the Atomic Mechanism for Direct Alloying of Immiscible Tungsten and Copper

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14205988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 5988

Author(s):

Tao Zeng ◽

Fei Li ◽

Yuan Huang

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Interatomic Potential ◽

Diffusion Mechanism ◽

Critical Role ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Md Simulations ◽

Interatomic Potentials ◽

Direct Alloying ◽

Materials Used ◽

Body Potential

W-Cu laminated composites are critical materials used to construct nuclear fusion reactors, and it is very important to obtain direct alloying between W and Cu at the W/Cu interfaces of the composites. Our previous experimental studies showed that it is possible to overcome the immiscibility between W and Cu and obtain direct alloying when the alloying temperature is close to the melting point of Cu. Because the W-Cu interatomic potentials published thus far cannot accurately reproduce the alloying behaviors of immiscible W and Cu, an interatomic potential suitable for the W-Cu system has been constructed in the present study. Based on this potential, direct alloying between W and Cu at high temperature has been verified, and the corresponding diffusion mechanism has been studied, through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results indicate that the formation of an amorphous Cu layer at the W/Cu interface plays a critical role in alloying because it allows Cu atoms to diffuse into W. The simulation results for direct alloying between W and Cu can be verified by experimental results and transmission electron microscopy observations. This indicates that the constructed W-Cu potential can correctly model the high-temperature performance of the W-Cu system and the diffusion mechanism of direct alloying between W and Cu.

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