THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUSICAL CULTURE OF BASHKIRIA IN THE 1950S - MID-1980S

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
N.V. AKHMADIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Russian Composers

In the 1950s-1980s. the musical culture of Bashkiria was further developed, acquiring specific forms. As a result of the influence of various musical cultures, forms of professional art that were not inherent in traditional national culture were actively developing in the republic. Historically, the artistic and aesthetic experience of Bashkiria was limited to monodic forms of folk music (monophonic songs and instrumental tunes). The problem of overcoming the predominance of traditional monody in professional musical culture was urgent. Having adopted and creatively using the best traditions of classical and Soviet music, Bashkir professional music has gone an accelerated path from traditional monophonic folk music to complex genres of professional art. For several decades, such genres as opera, symphony, ballet were created in Bashkiria. Already in 1950-1970. a national style is formed on the basis of the creative implementation of folklore and the interaction of national and international in musical art. In the 1960s. against the background of the continuous interest of Bashkir composers in chamberinstrumental and chamber-vocal genres, the center of gravity is shifting to the field of musical-theatrical, symphonic music. In the musical life of the republic, great importance was attached to the popularization of musical culture. Bashkir radio paid great attention to the promotion of musical knowledge and works. Back in the early 1960s. musical and educational programs were conducted in the Bashkir and Russian languages, concerts of Bashkir, Chuvash and Russian composers were broadcast. Often, the radio played works by amateur composers with the participation of the authors themselves. At the same time, with the huge genre diversity of the musical culture of Bashkiria, significant and talented works of many authors remained outside the active cultural life, unable to popularize them and bring them to the mass audience. As a result, a serious gap was noticeable between the musical culture itself and its consumer. The low level of culture of perception of music by the population, due to the lack of professional musical education, formed preferences for pop, popular music.

Frontiers of Visibility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Torma
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Cinematic Technology

This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.

Why Diamonds Really are a Girl's Best Friend: Another American Narrative

Daedalus ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Linda K. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
American Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The old law of domestic relations and the system known as coverture have shaped marriage practices in the United States and have limited women's membership in the constitutional community. This system of law predates the Revolution, but it lingers in U.S. legal tradition even today. After describing coverture and the old law of domestic relations, this essay considers how the received narrative of women's place in U.S. history often obscures the story of women's and men's efforts to overthrow this oppressive regime, and also the story of the continuing efforts of men and some women to stabilize and protect it. The essay also questions the paradoxes built into American law: for example, how do we reconcile the strictures of coverture with the founders' care in defining rights-holders as “persons” rather than “men”? Citing a number of court cases from the early days of the republic to the present, the essay describes the 1960s and 1970s shift in legal interpretation of women's rights and obligations. However, recent developments – in abortion laws, for example – invite inquiry as to how full the change is that we have accomplished. The history of coverture and the way it affects legal, political, and cultural practice today is another American narrative that needs to be better understood.

The ‘Brazilian Connection’ in the History of American Linguistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-382
Author(s):  
Cristina Altman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
South American ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

Summary When mention is made of Brazil in connection with American linguistics, it usually amounts to a reference to the Linguistic Circle of New York, where Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) and Claude Lévi-Strauss (b.1908), who had come from Brazil where he had done ethnological work, met and exchanged ideas. This singular event has cast a shadow on other contacts between Brazil and American linguistics, of which, the one between Jakobson and the Brazilian linguist Joaquim Mattoso Câmara (1904–1970) was much more consequential, at least as far as the implementation of structural linguistics in Brazil and in South America generally during the 1950s and the 1960s is concerned. Mattoso Câmara came to the United States and spent most of his time in New York City (September 1943 till April 1944), where he got exposure to Praguean type structuralism, notably through Jakobson’s lectures he attended at Columbia University and at the École Libre of New York, which had been established by European refugees at the time. He also participated in the first meetings of the Linguistic Circle of New York in 1943 as one of its co-founders. Following his return to Rio de Janeiro, Mattoso Câmara proposed, in 1949, as his doctoral thesis a phonemic description of Brazilian Portuguese. The work was published a few years later, in 1953. His most influential work, Princípios de Lingüística Gerai, first published in 1954, had two more revised and updated editions (1958, 1967) and served to introduce several generations of Brazilian as well as other South American students to structural linguistics during the 1950s and 1960s.

Exoticized Voices, Racialized Bodies

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Jake Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
White American ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
American Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polynesian Cultural Center ◽  
The 1960S

Just as Mormons used musical theater to purchase whiteness in the early twentieth century, so too do Mormons begin in the 1960s to use musical theater to associate other racial minorities with white American values. By allowing certain groups the opportunity to voice whiteness through the conventions of musical theater, Mormons reimagined the genre as a tool to transform some minority members into exemplars of whiteness. This chapter first details the history of Mormonism in Hawaii and the musical theater productions at the Mormon-owned Polynesian Cultural Center that began there in 1963. Importantly, Mormons have long understood dark-skinned Polynesians, like themselves, to be a chosen people, rather than cursed--displaced Jews, in fact, whose origins are explained in The Book of Mormon. The chapter then analyzes the Mormon musical Life . . . More Sweet than Bitter, billed as a sequel to Fiddler on the Roof, for its narrative explicitly connecting Mormons to Judaism. The musical stage thus becomes for modern Mormons a reckoning device to demonstrate belonging and acceptance in exotic terms--“whitening” the dark-skinned Polynesians and demonstrating fluidity between Mormonism and Judaism.

Americans in An Giang: Nation Building and the Particularities of Place in the Mekong Delta, 1966––1973

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam War ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
American Nation

In recent years, American diplomatic and military historians have begun to reexamine Cold War-era nation-building efforts in Vietnam and elsewhere. This essay explores the contested and contingent meanings of some US-sponsored nation-building programs established in the Republic of Vietnam during the 1960s. By focusing on nation-building activities in the Mekong Delta province of An Giang during the peak years of the Vietnam War, this essay suggests how historians may begin to assess these indirect effects of the war within a more nuanced, local Vietnamese historical framework. Such a history necessarily focuses on particular places and on the specific social and environmental conditions that shaped the course and outcome of nation-building projects undertaken there. Despite the universalist aspirations inherent in nation building, its effects varied widely from one place to another. In assessing the course and fate of these nation-building initiatives, this essay draws from the varied archival documents produced and collected by American provincial advisors during their stays in An Giang. A close reading of these reports reveals why the history of American nation-building programs in the Republic of Vietnam cannot be explained solely by reference to ideologies of modernization and counterinsurgency.

The Cul-de-Sac of Social Democracy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Wald
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
New York Intellectuals ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irving Howe ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S

A history of Irving Howe and Dissent magazine is used to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the social democratic alternative that became the Left wing of the New York intellectuals during the 1950s. This is followed by an examination of the life and work of Harvey Swados, which also express the ambiguities that would render this tradition problematic during the era of new radicalization in the 1960s.

scholarly journals Writing History under the «Dictatorship of the Proletariat»: Yugoslav Historiography 1945–1991

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Michael Antolović
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This paper analyzes the development of the historiography in the former socialist Yugoslavia (1945–1991). Starting with the revolutionary changes after the Second World War and the establishment of the «dictatorship of the proletariat», the paper considers the ideological surveillance imposed on historiography entailing its reconceptualization on the Marxist grounds. Despite the existence of common Yugoslav institutions, Yugoslav historiography was constituted by six historiographies focusing their research programs on the history of their own nation, i.e. the republic. Therefore, many joint historiographical projects were either left unfinished or courted controversies between historians over a number of phenomena from the Yugoslav history. Yugoslav historiography emancipated from Marxist dogmatism, and modernized itself following various forms of social history due to a gradual weakening of ideological surveillance from the 1960s onwards. However, the modernization of Yugoslav historiography was carried out only partially because of the growing social and political crises which eventually led to the dissolution of Yugoslavia.

scholarly journals Film and the "Other" Singaporean

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Lim
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Air Film ◽  
Second Period

COMING UP FOR AIR: FILM AND THE "OTHER" SINGAPOREAN The history of Singapore's film industry is marked by two distinct periods. The first period, which lasted from the 1950s to the 1960s, is considered the golden age of Singapore films due to the prolific outpouring of primarily Malay films produced by the local Cathay and Shaw studios. The second period, which began in the 1990s, constitutes a revival of sorts for Singapore film, and is marked by the recent spate of local productions that began with Medium Rare in 1991 and continues to the present. What is interesting about this current "resurgence" of local films is that while these films have resuscitated the previously dormant film industry in Singapore, and can, therefore, be considered a "revival," they are in fact very different kinds of films from the ones that were made during the golden age, just as the current...

scholarly journals Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE): delineamento de uma gênese histórica

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Giovani Ferreira Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
History Of Special Education ◽  
De Se ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Specialized Institution

O artigo aborda como a então designada problemática do excepcional, confi gurada no começo do século XX, possibilitou, no Brasil, a emergência da primeira Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), na década de 1950, estendendo as análises apresentadas até o começo da década de 1960, quando surgiu a Federação Nacional das Apaes. Apesar de sua longevidade e capilaridade no país, pouco se tem abordado sobre a gênese da instituição Apae, o que tem impedido de se problematizar o contexto sócio-histórico, político e cultural em que esta emergiu. Para tanto, recorreu-se às contribuições de pesquisas histórica e bibliográfica. Com os dados encontrados, pôde-se constatar que a Apae surgiu impulsionada pelos princípios do pragmatismo e do modelo liberal de cidadania estadunidenses, pautada na fi lantropia e na ótica da higidez social, bem como recebeu infl uência do trabalho de Helena Antipoff . Entre as décadas de 1950 e 1960, a instituição se ramifi cou pelo país, levando à necessidade de se criar, já em 1962, uma Federação Nacional para congregar as associações e formular diretrizes de ação, o que ampliou seu espectro de atuação e sua difusão institucional.Palavras-chave: Educação de excepcionais. História da Educação Especial. Instituição especializada. Movimento apaeano.Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE):development of a historical genesisAbstractThe article discusses how the so-called problem of the exceptional, confi gured at the beginning of the 20th century, made possible, in Brazil, the emergence of the fi rst Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), in the 1950s, extending the analyzes presented until the beginning the 1960s, when the Federação Nacional das Apaes emerged. Despite its longevity and capillarity in the country, little has been discussed about the genesis of the Apae institution, which has prevented the problematic of the socio-historical, political and cultural context in which it emerged. To this end, we used contributions from historical and bibliographical research. With the data found, it could be seen that Apae emerged driven by the principles of pragmatism and the liberal model of American citizenship, guided by philanthropy and the perspective of social health, as well as infl uenced by the work of Helena Antipoff . Between the 1950s and 1960s, the institution branched across the country, leading to the need to create, already in 1962, a National Federation to congregate associations and formulate guidelines for action, which expanded its range of action and its institutional diffusion .Keywords: Education of exceptional. History of Special Education. Specialized institution. Apaeano movement.Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (APAE): delineamiento de una génesis históricaResumenEl artículo analiza cómo el llamado problema de lo excepcional, configurado a principios del siglo XX, hizo posible, en Brasil, la aparición de la primera Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae), en la década de 1950, ampliando los análisis presentados hasta el comienzo. la década de 1960, cuando surgió la Federação Nacional das Apaes. A pesar de su longevidad y capilaridad en el país, poco se ha discutido sobre la génesis de la institución Apae, que ha evitado la problemática del contexto sociohistórico, político y cultural en el que surgió. Para este fin, utilizamos contribuciones de investigaciones históricas y bibliográficas. Con los datos encontrados, se pudo ver que Apae surgió impulsado por los principios del pragmatismo y el modelo liberal de ciudadanía estadounidense, guiados por la filantropía y la perspectiva de la salud social, así como influenciados por el trabajo de Helena Antipoff. Entre las décadas de 1950 y 1960, la institución se expandió por todo el país, lo que llevó a la necesidad de crear, ya en 1962, una Federación Nacional para congregar asociaciones y formular directrices para la acción, lo que amplió su rango de acción y su difusión institucional.Palabras clave: Educación de excepcionales. Historia de la Educación Especial. Institución especializada. Movimiento apaeano.

scholarly journals MUSICAL LIFE OF CHUVASHIA IN THE EARLY 1930s

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Mankov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Symphonic Orchestra ◽  
15Th Anniversary ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Music ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

The article studies the main directions of musical life of Chuvashia at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in the USSR in the 1930s. The issues of the journal “Soviet music” were used as a historic source. The article, in particular, tells about the achievements of the Republic in creating the national culture within the framework of the Cultural Revolution which were demonstrated in the days of celebrating in 1935 the 15th anniversary of the Chuvash autonomous region formation. At this, the author pays special attention to the role of Cheboksary music college in forming the musical arts of the region and which became the center of musical life in Chuvashia. The article describes the creative activities of the leading music workers and composers of the Republic of the studied period (S.M. Maksimov, V.M. Krivonosov). The conclusion is made about undoubted successes in the development of musical culture of Chuvashia in the early 1930s. It adopted more modern forms at those times. Thus, in these years in the Chuvash territory the first major musical compositions in the Chuvash language are created. In the republic there were a symphonic orchestra and a state choir, music radio broadcasting was created. Composers from Chuvashia became known both at home and abroad where their songs were performed. Composers actively studied the Chuvash musical folklore.

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