scholarly journals Investigations of space magnetism at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. II. Direct spectropolarimetric measurements of stellar magnetic fields

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Sergei Plachinda ◽  
Varvara Butkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Pulsation Period ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Stellar Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

A research on stellar magnetism in Crimea was initiated by pioneer works of A.B. Severny, V.E. Stepanov, and D.N. Rachkovsky. Today, the study of stellar magnetic fields is a key field of research at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO). The 2.6 m Shajn telescope equipped with the echelle spectrograph ESPL, CCD, and Stokesmeter (a circular polarization analyzer) allows us to study the magnetic field of bright stars up to 5m–6m. The Single Line (SL) technique is developed for measuring magnetic fields at CrAO. This technique is based on the calculation of the Zeeman effect in individual spectral lines. A key advantage of the SL technique is its ability to detect local magnetic fields on the surface of stars. Many results in the field of direct measurements of stellar magnetic fields were obtained at CrAO for the first time. In particular, the magnetic field on supergiants (ǫ Gem), as well as on a number of subgiants, giants, and bright giants was first detected. This, and investigations of other authors, confirmed the hypothesis that a magnetic field is generated at all the stages of evolution of late-type stars, including the stage of star formation. The emergence of large magnetic flux tubes at the surface of stars of V-IV-III luminosity classes (61 Cyg A, β Gem, β Aql) was first registered. In subgiants, the magnetic field behavior with the activity cycle was first established for β Aql. Using the long-term Crimean spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric observations of α Lyr, the 22-year variability cycle of the star, supposedly associated with meridional flows, is confirmed. Magnetic field variability with the pulsation period was first detected for different types of pulsating variables: the classical Cepheid β Aql, the low-amplitude β Cep-type variable γ Peg, and others. In this review we cover more than a half-century history of the formation of the Crimean scientific school for high-precision direct measurements of stellar magnetic fields.

scholarly journals Magnetic fields of rapidly oscillating Ap stars

1993 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
G. Mathys
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Zeeman Effect ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Line Splitting ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetic field appears to play a major role in the pulsations of rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars. Understanding of the behaviour of these objects thus requires knowledge of their magnetic field. Such knowledge is in particular essential to interpret the modulation of the amplitude of the photometric variations (with a frequency very close to the rotation frequency of the star) and to understand the driving mechanism of the pulsation. Therefore, a systematic programme of study of the magnetic field of roAp stars has been started, of which preliminary (and still very partial) results are presented here.Magnetic fields of Ap stars can be diagnosed from the Zeeman effect that they induced in spectral lines either from the observation of line-splitting in high-resolution unpolarized spectra (which only occurs in favourable circumstances) or from the observation of circular polarization of the lines in medium- to high-resolution spectra.

scholarly journals Measurements of local magnetic fields in a solar flare by splitting of emissive peaks in cores of spectral lines

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lozitsky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Flare ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Local Fields ◽  
Strong Component ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Local Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

We present study of solar flare of 19 July 2000 which arose in active region NOAA 9087 and had M 5.6 / 3N importance. Observational material was obtained with the Echelle spectrograph of the horizontal solar telescope of the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The local magnetic fields in this flare were measured by the splitting of emissive peaks of the FeI 5269.54, FeII 4923.93, Нα, Нβ, Нγand D3 HeI lines. The basic idea of the method is based on the fact that the flare emission in some spectral lines is clearly divided into two components: (1) wider and unpolarized, and (2) more narrow and polarized, with significant Zeeman splitting. This is indication to the two-component structure of the magnetic field, with substantially different magnetic fields and thermodynamical conditions in these two components. Due to the fact that the polarized emission is quite confidently separated from the unpolarized, it is possible to measure the local magnetic fields directly in the second (strong) component regardless of the filling factor. It was found that in the bright place of this flare, which was projected on the sunspot penumbra, the effective magnetic field Beff in the FeI 6301.5 i 6302.5 lines measured by splitting of the Fraunhofer profiles, was 900 G. However, the splitting of emissive peaks in Нα, Нβ, Нγ and D3 lines corresponds to 1000 G, 1400 G, 1450 G and about zero, respectively, with errors of 30-50 G for abovenamed FeI lines and about 100–150 G for other lines. This difference in the results is probably due to the fact that in the case of FeI 6301.5 i 6302.5 lines, the Beff value represents several parameters, including the value of the background field, the filling factor, and the intensity of the local fields in the strong component. In contrast, data on the Нα, Нβ, Нγ, and D3 lines mainly reflect local fields in the strong component and indicate the nonmonotonous distribution of the magnetic field with height in solar atmosphere, with its maximum at the chromospheric level. Earlier in this flare, when constructing its semi-empirical model, local amplification of the magnetic field at the photospheric level was discovered, and its value reached 1500 G. These data are confirmed by direct measurements of splitting of emissive peaks in FeI 5269.54 and FeII 4923.93 lines, according to which the magnetic field in the flare was 1250 ± 100 G. Thus, in this flare there were at least two regions (possibly two flat layers) of local amplification of the magnetic field.

scholarly journals Solar image denoising with convolutional neural networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. A99 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Díaz Baso ◽  
J. de la Cruz Rodríguez ◽  
S. Danilovic
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Solar Chromosphere ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The topology and dynamics of the solar chromosphere are greatly affected by the presence of magnetic fields. The magnetic field can be inferred by analyzing polarimetric observations of spectral lines. Polarimetric signals induced by chromospheric magnetic fields are, however, particularly weak, and in most cases very close to the detection limit of current instrumentation. Because of this, there are only few observational studies that have successfully reconstructed the three components of the magnetic field vector in the chromosphere. Traditionally, the signal-to-noise ratio of observations has been improved by performing time-averages or spatial averages, but in both cases, some information is lost. More advanced techniques, like principal-component analysis, have also been employed to take advantage of the sparsity of the observations in the spectral direction. In the present study, we use the spatial coherence of the observations to reduce the noise using deep-learning techniques. We designed a neural network that is capable of recovering weak signals under a complex noise corruption (including instrumental artifacts and non-linear post-processing). The training of the network is carried out without a priori knowledge of the clean signals, or an explicit statistical characterization of the noise or other corruption. We only use the same observations as our generative model. The performance of this method is demonstrated on both synthetic experiments and real data. We show examples of the improvement in typical signals obtained in current telescopes such as the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. The presented method can recover weak signals equally well no matter what spectral line or spectral sampling is used. It is especially suitable for cases when the wavelength sampling is scarce.

scholarly journals Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields and Atmospheric Structures: Theory

1989 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-288
Author(s):  
E. N. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Convective Zone ◽  
Coronal Heating ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Current Sheets ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
Stellar Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractThis presentation reviews selected ideas on the origin of the magnetic field of the Sun, the dynamical behavior of the azimuthal field in the convective zone, the fibril state of the field at the photosphere, the formation of sunspots, prominences, the spontaneous formation of current sheets in the bipolar field above the surface of the Sun, coronal heating, and flares.

Effect of External Magnetic Field on the Volatilization of Elements in the dc Arc

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Fakhry ◽  
M. A. Eid ◽  
M. S. Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
Dc Arc ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Silicate Sample

In the present investigation opposing magnetic fields are applied to the free burning carbon arc with a silicate sample (granodiorite) in its anode crater. The magnetic field promoted the selective volatilization of the elements present in the sample. As a result, a depression in the spectral line intensities of Mn, Ti, Th, and Fe as well as the background was observed. At the same time the intensity of the spectral lines of Ag, Ge, Pb, In, and Cu is enhanced. The latter elements are of great significance since they are used as pathfinders for gold.

Long-term stellar magnetic field study at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (S340) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Varvara Butkovskaya ◽  
Sergei Plachinda ◽  
Dilyara Baklanova
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Magnetic Cycles ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Term Monitoring

AbstractThe long-term monitoring of magnetic cycles is a key diagnostic in understanding how dynamo generation and amplification of magnetic fields occur in solar-like stars. One of the current key problems is the establishment of the magnetic field behavior during the activity cycles for stars of different ages and evolutionary statuses. We present the experience of using own long-term datasets for study of activity cycles in selected stars at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.

scholarly journals Modeling surface magnetic fields in stars with radiative envelopes

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S302) ◽  
pp. 290-299
Author(s):  
Oleg Kochukhov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Stellar Atmospheres ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Field Mapping ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
Surface Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractStars with radiative envelopes, specifically the upper main sequence chemically peculiar (Ap) stars, were among the first objects outside our solar system for which surface magnetic fields have been detected. Currently magnetic Ap stars remains the only class of stars for which high-resolution measurements of both linear and circular polarization in individual spectral lines are feasible. Consequently, these stars provide unique opportunities to study the physics of polarized radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres, to analyze in detail stellar magnetic field topologies and their relation to starspots, and to test different methodologies of stellar magnetic field mapping. Here I present an overview of different approaches to modeling the surface fields in magnetic A- and B-type stars. In particular, I summarize the ongoing efforts to interpret high-resolution full Stokes vector spectra of these stars using magnetic Doppler imaging. These studies reveal an unexpected complexity of the magnetic field geometries in some Ap stars.

scholarly journals Magnetic fields in limb solar flares on heights 2–14 Mm

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
V. Lozitsky ◽  
I. Yakovkin ◽  
E. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Zeeman Splitting ◽  
Local Magnetic Field ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
Superstrong Magnetic Field ◽  
National University ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field

We present the results of observations of two powerful limb solar flares which occured on 17 July 1981 and 14 July 2005. Spectral observations of these flares were carried out with the Echelle spectrograph of the Horizontal Solar Telescope of the Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In order to measure the magnetic fields in these flares, I ± V profiles of К СаІІ, HeI 4471.5 and Нα lines were studied. It was found that effective (averaged) magnetic field Вeff in the flares reached 1100–3000 G on heights 2–14 Mm. However, the spectral evidences to yet stronger fields of ~ 104 G range were found. In particular, the weak spectral evidences of large Zeeman splitting were found in first flare by HeI 4471.5 line; this evidences corresponds to superstrong magnetic field of 15.5 kG. In the second flare, Нα line has non-parallelism of bisectors of I ± V profiles which can reflect existence of 1550–3000 G fields in the flare. However, in frame of simple two-component model these observed values can correspond to true local (amplitude) magnetic fields Вmax in range 4.65–18 kG. Apparently, such superstrong magnetic fields arise in structures of a force-free type, with strong twisting of the field lines. It is precisely such field values that are necessary in solar flares for energy reasons. Indeed, solar flares emit energy in the range of 1027-1032 erg in a volume of the order of 1027 cm3. Elementary calculations show that in order to provide such energy in such a volume, the magnetic field strength should be at least 103 G. In addition, if we take into account that solar magnetic fields have the sub-telescopic (spatially unresolved) structure, then the local magnetic field intensities in the flares at the coronal level can be expected even higher.

scholarly journals Masers and Stellar Magnetic Fields

1990 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Mark J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Circumstellar Envelopes ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Stellar Photosphere ◽  
Type Giant ◽  
Stellar Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strengths

Observations of circular polarization of molecular masers associated with late type giant and supergiant stars can be used to estimate the magnetic field strength in the masing region. Magnetic field strengths of ~ 5 mG are deduced for OH masers in circumstellar envelopes at distances of ~ 1016 cm from the star, and magnetic field strengths of ~ 50 G are deduced for SiO masers that reside above the photosphere. Extrapolation to the stellar photosphere suggests that average surface magnetic fields are on the order of 103 G.

scholarly journals Measurements of magnetic fields on T Tauri stars

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S243) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Johns–Krull
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Stellar Rotation ◽  
T Tauri ◽  
Dipole Component ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Stellar Magnetic Fields ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractStellar magnetic fields including a strong dipole component are believed to play a critical role in the early evolution of newly formed stars and their circumstellar accretion disks. It is currently believed that the stellar magnetic field truncates the accretion disk several stellar radii above the star. This action forces accreting material to flow along the field lines and accrete onto the star preferentially at high stellar latitudes. It is also thought that the stellar rotation rate becomes locked to the Keplerian velocity near the radius where the disk is truncated. This paper reviews recent efforts to measure the magnetic field properties of low mass pre-main sequence stars, focussing on how the observations compare with the theoretical expectations. A picture is emerging indicating that quite strong fields do indeed cover the majority of the surface on these stars; however, the dipole component of the field appears to be alarmingly small. On the other hand, at least one accretion model which takes into account the non-dipole nature of the magnetic field provides predictions relating various stellar and accretion parameters which are present in the current data.

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