Cancer in agricultural populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
K. . Togawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Agricultural workers can be exposed to a wide variety of agents (e.g. pesticides), some of which may have adverse health effects, such as cancer. To study the health effects of agricultural exposures, an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies, AGRICOH, was established. The present analysis compared cancer incidence between the AGRICOH cohorts and the general population and found lower overall cancer incidence in the AGRICOH cohorts, with some variation across cohorts for specific cancer types. The observed lower cancer incidence may be due to healthy worker bias or lower prevalence of risk factors in the agricultural populations. Further analysis is underway.

scholarly journals Cancer incidence in agricultural workers: Findings from an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies (AGRICOH)

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 106825
Author(s):  
Kayo Togawa ◽  
Maria E. Leon ◽  
Pierre Lebailly ◽  
Laura E Beane Freeman ◽  
Karl-Christian Nordby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
International Consortium

The legacy of the Gulf oil spill: Analyzing acute public health effects and predicting chronic ones in Louisiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Diaz, MD, MPH, DrPH, FACOEM, FACMT
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Cleanup Workers

Objectives: To describe the acute health impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in Louisiana as compared with the acute health impacts reported from prior crude oil spills. To predict potential chronic health impacts in Louisiana as compared with the chronic health impacts reported from prior crude oil spills.Setting: Offshore and onshore coastal southeastern Louisiana.Patients and participants: Oil spill offshore and onshore cleanup workers and the general population of coastal southeastern Louisiana.Interventions: Not applicable to an observational study.Main outcome measures: Adverse acute health effects of petrochemical and dispersant exposures in highly exposed offshore and onshore cleanup workers and the general population; prior chronic adverse health effects reported from prior oil spills; and predicted chronic adverse health effects based on intensity of chemical exposures and on seroprevalences of genetic polymorphisms.Results: Acute health effects in cleanup workers mirrored those reported in cleanup workers following prior oil spills as ranked by systems (and by symptoms). Acute health effects in lesser exposed members of the general population mirrored those reported in similar coastal residents following prior oil spills but differed from cleanup workers as ranked by systems (and symptoms).Conclusions: Subpopulations of cleanup workers and the general population with specific conditions or genetic polymorphisms in enzyme systems that detoxify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petrochemicals and glycols in dispersants will require long-term surveillance for chronic adverse health effects including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, mental health disorders, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey of cardiovascular health and lifestyle habits of hospital staff in the UK: Do we look after ourselves?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun K Mittal ◽  
Christine L Cleghorn ◽  
Janet E Cade ◽  
Suzanne Barr ◽  
Tim Grove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk

Background A high prevalence of stress-related disorders is well known among healthcare professionals. We set out to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and compliance with national dietary and physical activity recommendations in NHS staff in the UK with comparison between clinical and non-clinical staff, and national surveys. Design A multi-centre cross-sectional study. Methods A web-based questionnaire was developed to include anonymised data on demographics, job role, cardiovascular risk factors and diseases, dietary habits, physical activity and barriers towards healthy lifestyle. This was distributed to staff in four NHS hospitals via emails. Results A total of 1158 staff completed the survey (response rate 13%) with equal distribution between the clinical and non-clinical groups. Most staff were aged 26–60 years and 79% were women. Half of the staff were either overweight or obese (51%) with no difference between the groups ( P = 0.176), but there was a lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population. The survey revealed a low compliance (17%) with the recommended intake of five-a-day portions of fruit and vegetables, and that of moderate or vigorous physical activity (56%), with no difference between the clinical and non-clinical staff ( P = 0.6). However, more clinical staff were exceeding the alcohol recommendations ( P = 0.02). Lack of fitness facilities and managerial support, coupled with long working hours, were the main reported barriers to a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions In this survey of UK NHS staff, half were found to be overweight or obese with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population. There was a low compliance with the five-a-day fruit and vegetables recommendation and physical activity guidelines, with no difference between the clinical and non-clinical staff.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Adverse Health Effects of Gasoline Station Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10014
Author(s):  
Umakorn Tongsantia ◽  
Sunisa Chaiklieng ◽  
Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri ◽  
Sari Andajani ◽  
Herman Autrup
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Muconic Acid ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Benzene Exposure ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Gasoline Station ◽  
Adverse Health

This cross-sectional study examined the risk factors affecting adverse health effects from benzene exposure among gasoline station workers in Khon Kean province, Thailand. An interview questionnaire of adverse symptoms relating to benzene toxicity was administered to 151 workers. Area samplings for benzene concentration and spot urine for tt-muconic acid (tt-MA), a biomarker of benzene exposure, were collected. The factors associated with adverse symptoms were analysed by using multiple logistic regression. It was found that these symptoms mostly affected fuelling workers (77.5%), and the detected air benzene reached an action level or higher than 50% of NIOSH REL (>50 ppb). The top five adverse symptoms, i.e., fatigue, headache, dizziness, nasal congestion, and runny nose, were reported among workers exposed to benzene. More specific symptoms of benzene toxicity were chest pain, bleeding/epistaxis, and anaemia. The detected tt-MA of workers was 506.7 ug/g Cr (IQR), which was a value above the BEI and higher than that of asymptomatic workers. Risk factors significantly associated with adverse symptoms, included having no safety training experience (ORadj = 5.22; 95% CI: 2.16–12.58) and eating during work hours (ORadj = 16.08; 95% CI: 1.96–131.74). This study urges the tightening of health and safety standards at gasoline stations to include training and eating restrictions while working in hazardous areas.

scholarly journals Cancer types with high numbers of driver events are largely preventable

PeerJ ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e12672
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Belikov ◽  
Sergey V. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Extrinsic Risk ◽  
Rate Limiting

There is a long-standing debate on whether cancer is predominantly driven by extrinsic risk factors such as smoking, or by intrinsic processes such as errors in DNA replication. We have previously shown that the number of rate-limiting driver events per tumor can be estimated from the age distribution of cancer incidence using the gamma/Erlang probability distribution. Here, we show that this number strongly correlates with the proportion of cancer cases attributable to modifiable risk factors for all cancer types except the ones inducible by infection or ultraviolet radiation. The correlation was confirmed for three countries, three corresponding incidence databases and risk estimation studies, as well as for both sexes: USA, males (r = 0.80, P = 0.002), females (r = 0.81, P = 0.0003); England, males (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), females (r = 0.67, P = 0.002); Australia, males (r = 0.90, P = 0.0004), females (r = 0.68, P = 0.01). Hence, this study suggests that the more driver events a cancer type requires, the more of its cases are due to preventable anthropogenic risk factors.

Adverse Health Effects of Exposure to Visible Laser Radiation in the General Population: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
MD Petrova ◽  
NYu Mal’kova
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Russian Science Citation Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visible Laser

Introduction: With the spread of laser technologies in various spheres of human activity, the number of exposures to laser radiation of a wide range of users unfamiliar with specifics of its health effects, including those in everyday life, has increased, thus resulting in an increased number of traumas in the general population in recent years. Objectives: To search for data on the biological mechanisms of action of visible laser radiation in Russian and foreign scientific literature and to analyze adverse health effects of this exposure encountered in domestic and international practice. Methods: We searched for Russian and foreign full-text open access literary sources in Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) and PubMed databases of biomedical publications for 1969–2019 and selected the most appropriate ones for review. Results: Both Russian and foreign researchers note that human exposure to laser radiation induces specific and non-specific responses at all tissue levels of organization. The extent and nature of developing morphological changes depend on the radiation wavelength, exposure time, power, energy and its density per unit of the irradiated surface. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that portable laser pointers and powerful laser projectors may cause retinal damage, traumatic macular holes and, in some cases, loss of vision. Despite frequently registered good visual recovery, general availability of commercial laser devices poses potential danger, especially for minors, and substantiates the need to raise public awareness of laser safety.

The Pattern of Non-AIDS-defining Cancers in the HIV Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Prognosis. A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Franzetti ◽  
Elena Ricci ◽  
Paolo Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk

: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly reduced the incidence of AIDS events, including AIDS-defining malignancies. Nevertheless, several cohort studies conducted in the post-HAART period have reported an increasing risk of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADC). : Overall, the potential mechanisms leading to an increased risk of developing NADCs probably involve multiple known and unknown factors. In addition to ageing, chronic inflammation and ongoing immune system dysregulation, other contributing factors are co-infection with potentially oncogenic viruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, EBV) and high-risk behaviours such as tobacco smoking. : As a consequence of these risk factors, high standardized incidence ratios have been consistently reported, mainly in cohort studies regarding smoking-related cancers (lung cancer, but also pharyngeal and kidney cancer), due to the far more common cigarette smoking habit in the HIV-population. Also in the setting of infection-related malignancies, the high frequency of liver cancer, as a consequence of HBV and HCV co-infection is well known. Similarly, HPV infection accounts for the higher risk of anal cancer. On the same line, Hodgkin lymphoma is more frequent in the HIV population, due to the dysregulation and proliferation of EBV-infected lymphocytes. : Several studies addressed the direct relationship between immunosuppression and cancer progression, showing that subjects with HIV infection experience higher cancer-specific mortality, as compared to the general population, independently of cancer stage or cancer treatment. : In the HIV population, for many NADCs, the prognosis is still worse as compared to the general population. However, an improvement has been reported over the last decades, mainly thanks to more available and adequate treatment chances.

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