Effect of oronasopharyngeal suction on arterial oxygen saturation in normal, term infants delivered vaginally: A prospective randomised controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Modarres Nejad ◽  
R. Hosseini ◽  
A. Sarrafi Nejad ◽  
G. Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Randomised Controlled

scholarly journals Repeat assessment of examination signs among children in Malawi with fast-breathing pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00275-2019
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Lenahan ◽  
Evangelyn Nkwopara ◽  
Melda Phiri ◽  
Tisungane Mvalo ◽  
Mari T. Couasnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Support Providers ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Repeat Assessment

BackgroundAs part of a randomised controlled trial of treatment with placebo versus 3 days of amoxicillin for nonsevere fast-breathing pneumonia among Malawian children aged 2–59 months, a subset of children was hospitalised for observation. We sought to characterise the progression of fast-breathing pneumonia among children undergoing repeat assessments to better understand which children do and do not deteriorate.MethodsVital signs and physical examination findings, including respiratory rate, arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2), chest indrawing and temperature were assessed every 3 h for the duration of hospitalisation. Children were assessed for treatment failure during study visits on days 1, 2, 3 and 4.ResultsHospital monitoring data from 436 children were included. While no children had SpO2 90–93% at baseline, 7.4% (16 of 215) of children receiving amoxicillin and 9.5% (21 of 221) receiving placebo developed SpO2 90–93% during monitoring. Similarly, no children had chest indrawing at enrolment, but 6.6% (14 of 215) in the amoxicillin group and 7.2% (16 of 221) in the placebo group went on to develop chest indrawing during hospitalisation.ConclusionRepeat monitoring of children with fast-breathing pneumonia identified vital and physical examination signs not present at baseline, including SpO2 90–93% and chest indrawing. This information may support providers and policymakers in developing guidance for care of children with nonsevere pneumonia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of inhaled magnesium sulphate in combination with standard treatment in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guitti Pourdowlat ◽  
Seyed Ruhollah Mousavinasab ◽  
Behrooz Farzanegan ◽  
Alireza Kashefizadeh ◽  
Zohreh Akhoundi Meybodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Objectives Basic and clinical studies have shown that magnesium sulphate ameliorates lung injury and controls asthma attacks by anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects. Both intravenous and inhaled magnesium sulphate have a clinical impact on acute severe asthma by inhibition of airway smooth muscle contraction. Besides, magnesium sulphate can dilate constricted pulmonary arteries and reduce pulmonary artery resistance. However, it may affect systemic arteries when administered intravenously. A large number of patients with covid-19 admitted to the hospital suffer from pulmonary involvement. COVID-19 can cause hypoxia due to the involvement of the respiratory airways and parenchyma along with circulatory impairment, which induce ventilation-perfusion mismatch. This condition may result in hypoxemia and low arterial blood oxygen pressure and saturation presented with some degree of dyspnoea and shortness of breath. Inhaled magnesium sulphate as a smooth muscle relaxant (natural calcium antagonist) can cause both bronchodilator and consequently vasodilator effects (via a direct effect on alveolar arterioles in well-ventilated areas) in the respiratory tract. We aim to investigate if inhaled magnesium sulphate as adjuvant therapy to standard treatment can reduce ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the respiratory tract and subsequently improve arterial oxygen saturation in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Trial design A multi-centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms design (1:1 ratio) Participants Patients aged 18-80 years hospitalized at Masih Daneshvari Hospital and Shahid Dr. Labbafinejad hospital in Tehran and Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd will be included if they meet the inclusion criteria of the study. Inclusion criteria are defined as 1. Confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretions or clinical manifestations along with chest computed tomography (chest CT) scan 2. Presenting with moderate or severe COVID-19 lung involvement confirmed with chest CT scan and arterial oxygen saturation below 93% 3. Length of hospital stay ≤48 hours. Patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmia, heart block, the myocardial injury will be excluded from the study. Intervention and comparator Participants will be randomly divided into two arms. Patients in the intervention arm will be given both standard treatment for COVID-19 (according to the national guideline) and magnesium sulphate (5 cc of a 20% injectable vial or 2 cc of a 50% injectable vial will be diluted by 50 cc distilled water and nebulized via a mask) every eight hours for five days. Patients in the control (comparator) arm will only receive standard treatment for COVID-19. Main outcomes Improvement of respiratory function and symptoms including arterial blood oxygen saturation, dyspnoea (according to NYHA functional classification), and cough within the first five days of randomization. Randomisation Block randomisation will be used to allocate eligible patients to the study arms (in a 1:1 ratio). Computer software will be applied to randomly select the blocks. Blinding (masking) The study is an open-label RCT without blinding. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) The trial will be performed on 100 patients who will be randomly divided into two arms of control (50) and intervention (50). Trial Status The protocol is Version 5.0, January 05, 2021. Recruitment of the participants started on July 30, 2020, and it is anticipated to be completed by February 28, 2021. Trial registration The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) on July 28, 2020. It is available on https://en.irct.ir/trial/49879. The registration number is IRCT20191211045691N1. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting the dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

Controlled Trial of Nebulized Albuterol in Children Younger Than 2 Years of Age With Acute Asthma

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Bentur ◽  
Gerard J. Canny ◽  
Michael D. Shields ◽  
Eitan Kerem ◽  
Joseph J. Reisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
History Of

To determine the response to nebulized β2 agonist, 28 children younger than 2 years of age who visited the emergency department during an episode of acute asthma were studied. Each subject had a previous history of recurrent wheezing episodes. They were randomly assigned to receive two administrations of either nebulized albuterol (0.15 mg/kg per dose) or placebo (normal saline) with oxygen, 1 hour apart. After two nebulizations, the albuterol-treated patients had a greater improvement in clinical status (respiratory rate, degree of wheezing and accessory muscle use, total clinical score, and arterial oxygen saturation) than the placebo group. None of the patients in the albuterol group experienced a decrease of arterial oxygen saturation of ≥2%. It is conduded that a trial of nebulized β2 agonists is warranted in the treatment of acute asthma in infants and young children.

scholarly journals Pre- and post-term growth in pre-term infants supplemented with higher-dose DHA: a randomised controlled trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 1635-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel T. Collins ◽  
Maria Makrides ◽  
Robert A. Gibson ◽  
Andrew J. McPhee ◽  
Peter G. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Randomised Controlled

The effect of the dietary n-3 long-chain PUFA, DHA (22 : 6n-3), on the growth of pre-term infants is controversial. We tested the effect of higher-dose DHA (approximately 1 % dietary fatty acids) on the growth of pre-term infants to 18 months corrected age compared with standard feeding practice (0·2–0·3 % DHA) in a randomised controlled trial. Infants born < 33 weeks gestation (n 657) were randomly allocated to receive breast milk and/or formula with higher DHA or standard DHA according to a concealed schedule stratified for sex and birth-weight ( < 1250 and ≥ 1250 g). The dietary arachidonic acid content of both diets was constant at approximately 0·4 % total fatty acids. The intervention was from day 2 to 5 of life until the infant's expected date of delivery (EDD). Growth was assessed at EDD, and at 4, 12 and 18 months corrected age. There was no effect of higher DHA on weight or head circumference at any age, but infants fed higher DHA were 0·7 cm (95 % CI 0·1, 1·4 cm; P = 0·02) longer at 18 months corrected age. There was an interaction effect between treatment and birth weight strata for weight (P = 0·01) and length (P = 0·04). Higher DHA resulted in increased length in infants born weighing ≥ 1250 g at 4 months corrected age and in both weight and length at 12 and 18 months corrected age. Our data show that DHA up to 1 % total dietary fatty acids does not adversely affect growth.

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