Downregulation of platelet activation markers during long-term immobilization

Coagulation dysfunction and thromboembolism emerge as strong comorbidity factors in severe COVID-19 patients. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are largely undefined. Here, we sought to identify the potential molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 mediated coagulopathy and thromboembolism. A broader investigation was conducted including hospitalized COVID-19 patients with (severe cases that required intensive care) or without pneumonia (moderate cases). Phenotypic and molecular characterizations were performed employing basic coagulation tests, flow cytometry-based multiplex assays, and ELISA. The investigations revealed induction of plasma P-selectin and CD40 ligand (sCD40L) in moderate COVID-19 cases which were significantly abolished with the progression of COVID-19 severity. Moreover, a profound reduction in plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and FXIII were identified particularly in the severe COVID-19. Further analysis revealed a profound induction of fibrinogen in both moderate and severe patients. Interestingly, an elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 more prominently in moderate, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) particularly in severe COVID-19 cases were observed. Particularly, the levels of fibrinogen and tPA directly correlated with the severity of COVID-19. In summary, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the levels of platelet activation markers soluble P-selectin and sCD40L in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, an attenuated level of TFPI indicates TF pathway activation and, acquired FXIII deficiency likely plays a key role in thrombus instability and promotes thromboembolism in severe cases. The progression of COVID-19 severity could be limited with anti-platelet in combination with recombinantTFPI treatment. Furthermore, thromboembolic events in severe COVID-19 patients could be minimized if treated with recombinantFXIII in combination with LMW heparin.

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Release of platelet activation markers during coronary angioplasty

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

10.1097/00019501-200007000-00003 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 391-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sokrates Korovesis ◽

Salim Fredericks ◽

David Holt ◽

Pavlos Toutouzas ◽

Juan Carlos Kaski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activation ◽

Coronary Angioplasty ◽

Activation Markers

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Abstract 16292: Selective Platelet Protease-Activated-Receptor (PAR)1 and PAR4 Mediated Thrombin Desensitisation in the Elderly is Correlated With Inflammation and Chronic Thrombin Receptor Stimulation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Sonali R Gnanenthiran ◽

Gabrielle Pennings ◽

Caroline Reddel ◽

Heather Campbell ◽

Justin Hamilton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Platelet Activation ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Thrombin Receptor ◽

Receptor Stimulation ◽

Activation Markers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

D Dimer ◽

Granule Release

Introduction: Platelet activation, by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) via P2Y 12 receptors and thrombin via PAR1 and PAR4, is a key therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The efficacy of antiplatelet agents diminishes in the elderly, but it is unknown whether these pathways change with aging. Hypothesis: Platelet activation pathways change with aging. Methods: Platelet activity was evaluated in young (20-30yrs), middle-aged (40-55yrs) and elderly (≥70yrs) healthy volunteers (n=174). Whole blood aggregometry and flow cytometry (P-selectin: α-granule release; CD63: dense granule release; PAC1 binding: activated GPIIb/IIIa) were performed under basal conditions and post ex vivo stimulation with ADP, thrombin, PAR1 agonist or PAR4 agonist. EC 50 and E max values were derived for each agonist. Receptor cleavage and quantification (P2Y 12 ; PAR1; PAR4; GPIbα) were assessed with flow cytometry. Thrombin generation (D-Dimer) and inflammation (interleukin [IL]-1β; tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were assessed via ELISA. Results: The elderly had higher basal platelet activation markers (P-selectin, CD63, activated GPIIb/IIIa) than the young, with higher basal activity correlating with increasing IL-1β. P2Y 12 receptor density was higher in the elderly and associated with greater ADP-induced platelet aggregation and activation. Elderly subjects had less platelet activation in response to thrombin (higher EC 50 ), demonstrating hyporeactivity to selective stimulation of PAR1 or PAR4, more basal PAR1/PAR4 cleavage, and less inducible PAR1/PAR4 cleavage. This was associated with reduced thrombin binding receptor GPIbα and reduced secondary ADP contribution to thrombin-mediated activation. D-Dimer and TNF-α levels were elevated in the elderly, and inversely correlated with platelet thrombin sensitivity, implying a role of desensitization from chronic thrombin receptor stimulation. Conclusion: Aging is associated with increased basal platelet activation and hyperreactivity to ADP, but selective desensitization to thrombin. The latter appears mediated by chronic thrombin receptor stimulation and inflammation. Age-specific antiplatelet strategies may require selective targeting of these pathways to treat CVD in the elderly.

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Plasma platelet activation markers in patients with atopic dermatitis and concomitant allergic diseases

Journal of Dermatological Science ◽

10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.07.001 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 79-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Magdalena Nastałek ◽

Daniel P. Potaczek ◽

Anna Wojas-Pelc ◽

Anetta Undas

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Platelet Activation ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Activation Markers

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Can Biomarkers of Coagulation, Platelet Activation, and Inflammation Predict Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Haematological Malignancies?

Acta Haematologica ◽

10.1159/000496914 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 141 (4) ◽

pp. 245-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shereef Elmoamly ◽

Mervat Mattar ◽

Maha F. Yacoub ◽

Alaa Afif

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Platelet Activation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Central Venous Access ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽

Venous Access ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Haematological Malignancies ◽

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽

Activation Markers

Background: The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in haematological malignancies varies according to the type and grade of the disease and clinical variables, and there is a need to develop a tool to predict the occurrence of VTE in cancer patients at diagnosis to tailor prophylactic anticoagulation use during treatment. Objective: To study the incidence of VTE in haematological malignancies and clarify whether vascular and inflammatory biomarkers could be used as predictors of VTE in those patients. Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study. Hypercoagulability and inflammatory biomarkers were assayed in a group of 171 patients with haematological malignancies at diagnosis. These markers included (1) coagulation and fibrinolysis activation markers (D-dimer, fibrinogen, antithrombin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), (2) endothelial and platelet activation markers (von Willebrand factor and soluble P-selectin), and (3) inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor αand interleukin 6). The end point was mortality or symptomatic VTE. Results/Conclusion: The incidence of symptomatic VTE was 7%. None of the tested biomarkers showed statistical significance as predictors for the occurrence of VTE in haematological malignancies. However, there were statistically significant associations between the occurrence of VTE and central venous access device insertion, the prothrombin time, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. An ESR above 106.5 mm/h is associated with increased VTE occurrence.

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