scholarly journals Gender Differences in Stressful Life Events, Social Support, Perceived Stress, and Alcohol Use Among Older Adults: Results From a National Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sacco ◽  
Kathleen K Bucholz ◽  
Donna Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life

The Impact of Stressful Life Events and Social Support on Drinking among Older Adults: A General Population Survey

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Jennison
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
The Impact

This article is an analysis of stressful life events, the buffering hypothesis, and alcohol use in a national sample of 1,418 respondents 60 years of age and over. The results indicate that older adults who experience stressful losses are significantly more likely to drink excessively than those who have not experienced such losses or who have experienced them to a lesser extent. Increased drinking among older adults may therefore be a reaction to life circumstances in which alcohol represents an attempt to cope with traumatic loss, personal as well as within the kinship network. Supportive resources of spouse, family, friends, and church appear to have a stress-buffering effects that reduces the excessive-drinking response to life crisis. Data suggest, however, that older persons are vulnerable to the magnitude of losses experienced as they grow older and lose more of their family, friends, and peers. These stressors appear to seriously impact their drinking behavior and are not effectively buffered. Respondents report that drinking may increase during periods of prolonged exposure to emotionally depleting life change and loss, when supportive needs may exceed the capacities of personal and social support resources.

scholarly journals Stressful life events among incarcerated women and men: Association with depression, loneliness, hopelessness, and suicidality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly E. Moore ◽  
Shania Siebert ◽  
Garrett Brown ◽  
Julia Felton ◽  
Jennifer E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Justice-involved populations report a higher than average number of pre-incarceration stressful life events. However, few studies have described stressful life events which occur during incarceration, explored gender differences in these events, or evaluated the effect of these events on well-being. Method This study draws from a sample of male and female adults incarcerated in 6 prison facilities across two states (n = 160) to identify the number and type of stressful life events they experienced during incarceration, gender differences in stressful events, and the relationship between stressful life events and markers of well-being (i.e., depression, hopelessness, loneliness, suicidality). We also examined whether perceived social support would buffer the relationship between stressful events and well-being outcomes. Results Participants on average reported experiencing 4 stressful life events during their current incarceration, the most common being relocation to another cell and being made fun of/insulted by someone in the prison. There were few gender differences in types of events experienced. Regression analyses showed that stressful life events were associated with more loneliness, as well as suicidality, but only when participants had low perceived social support. Conclusions Stressful life events, and drawing on social support networks to cope with stress, should be addressed in the context of correctional treatments to reduce suicide risk during incarceration.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Companion Animals Help People Cope during Government-Imposed Social Isolation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Johnson ◽  
Shelly Volsche
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research explores the impact of government-imposed social isolation orders on homes with companion animals. Data were collected April through May 2020, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 234 Americans observing social isolation orders included demographic questions; questions about relationships to other persons and companion animals within the home; and Likert-scale questions designed to probe the complexities of these relationships and their influences on perceived stress and isolation. We hypothesized that the presence of companion animals helps to mitigate stressors related to observing social isolation orders, with those living alone experiencing more benefit and homes with children experiencing less. The results suggest that the presence of companion animals alleviates stress and isolation by providing attachment figures and activities on which to focus one’s energy. These results support that companion animals are increasingly viewed as members of one’s family and provide social support during stressful life events.

Mediating Role of Social Support on the Relationship among Depression Perceive Stress, Stressful Life Event and Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khansa Mubashir ◽  
Ruqia Safdar Bajwa ◽  
Malik Mureed Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Study was designed to examine the relationship between well-being and environmental factors and their influence on cardiovascular disease. Cross sectional and co-relational research design were adopted. Data was collected over a span of 04 months from Multan Institute of Cardiology (MIC) and from the cardiology ward 1-A Nishtar Hospital Multan. A purposive sample of 200 cardiovascular patients was requested to provide information regarding stressful life events, perceived stress, depression, social support and cardiovascular diseases. Sample of 200 cardiovascular patients consisted of 100 males and 100 females. Independent sample t-test, ANOVA as well as PLS-SEM (structural equation modeling) was used to examine the hypothesis.  Results informed about the positive impact of psychological stressors on cardiovascular diseases which was partly mediated by social support, because social support effect the way CVD patients perceives the stress full events as well as decrease the threshold of psychological stressors. It was concluded that psychological stressors (Depression, Perceived stress, Stressful life events) and low social support increases the severity of cardiovascular diseases within a short duration among cardiovascular patients. Patients with mild psychological stressors and high social support sustain a milder form of CVD disease e.g. Hypertension for longer time duration without shifting to sever form of cardiovascular diseases while on the other hand contrary happen in the case of high   level of psychological stressors and lower level of social support.

Gender Differences in the Interrelations Among Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Smoking Cessation in People With Severe Mental Illnesses

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110082
Author(s):  
Hamzah M. Alghzawi ◽  
Carla L. Storr
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Data Set

BACKGROUND: Social support and stressful life events (SLEs) have been found to be influential factors for smoking cessation in the general population, but little is known about these factors among smokers with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and whether their associations with smoking cessation differ by gender. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between social support and smoking cessation as mediated by SLEs in people with SMI and to examine whether the interrelations among social support, SLEs, and smoking cessation differ by gender. METHOD: A population sample of 4,610 American lifetime adult smokers with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder were identified in a limited public use data set of the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Four mediation and moderated mediation models were used to examine gender differences in the interrelations among social support (total and three subscales of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List–12), SLEs (summative score of positive responses to 16 types experienced in past year and related to health, job, death, or legal situations), and smoking status in prior year. RESULTS: Total, appraisal, and tangible support among females exerted indirect effects on smoking cessation via decreasing SLE scores. Among males, only belonging support exerted an indirect effect on smoking cessation via an increased SLE score. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that interventions focusing on improving social support should be a priority for those working with smokers with SMI.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gender Differences in Depression- A Cross-Sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Tushar Agravat
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background and Aim: Major depression in both women and men is a debilitating disorder that disrupts relationship and daily lives and affects nearly 10% of general populations. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the gender differences in major depression with respect to following: Demographic characteristics, Clinical manifestations, Stressful life events, Risk factors. Materials and Methods: Total of 100 patients was included in the study. All the included patients meet the criteria for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) diagnosis of major depression. The included patients were interviewed at the department of Psychiatry, B. J. Medical College & civil hospital Ahmedabad. Based on the Life Events Scale by Holmes and Rahe (1967), its Indian adaptation PSLE (Presumptive stressful life events scale) was done by Gurmeet Singh (1983). The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS IX version. Results: Their ages range from 18 to 70 years. Most of the patients were married, were from urban background, and nuclear family. On Hamilton Depression rating scale when the statistical analysis was done, there was no significant difference between males and females. Men had higher mean life events score than women but this was not statistically significant. In female, there was significant positive correlation between number of life events in one year and severity of depression as well as impact score during one year prior to onset of depression and Hamilton rating scores. Conclusion: Male and female major depression patients did not differ as regards demographic characteristics, except that most women were homemakers and men were employed. Number of stressful life events experienced during 1 year prior to onset of MDD was similar. Early insomnia, middle insomnia and somatic symptoms general were more severely present in female patients.

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