scholarly journals Unallocated Metal Accounts in Russia: Determinants of Quoted Bid-Ask Spreads

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Elena V. Rozhentsova ◽  
◽  
Anastasiia D. Saltykova ◽  
Tatyana М. Devyatkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Bid Ask Spreads ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Palladium Platinum

Due to economic instability there has been an increase in demand for unallocated metal accounts offered by Russian commercial banks since April 2020. Although opening unallocated metal accounts gives banks an opportunity to expand the range of their products, diversify income, attract new clients and retain old ones, most Russian banks do not provide such services. For those, it is important to understand the determinants of bid-ask spreads (the difference between the quoted metal bid and ask prices), since the demand for unallocated metal accounts and the bank’s income from this service depend on the bid-ask spread. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the main determinants of quoted bid-ask spreads on unallocated metal accounts in commercial banks. Multiple regression models are applied for the period from October 2017 to May 2020. There are very few articles on the determinants of quoted bid-ask spreads on unallocated metal accounts; for this reason the paper is based on the results of studies of bid-ask spreads in other markets. Based on recent theoretical results, which indicate that bid-ask spreads depend on price volatility, we confirm this hypothesis on unallocated metal accounts. Moreover, we reveal that banks’ assets and the share of state participation influence bid-ask spreads on unallocated metal accounts in commercial banks. It is also proven that bid-ask spreads for unallocated metal accounts in gold are, on average, lower than those for palladium, platinum and silver.

scholarly journals Determinants of Bid-Ask Spread in Indonesia: More Evidence from LQ45

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herma Wiharno ◽  
Dede Sri Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Bid Ask Spread ◽  
Bid Price ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bid Ask Spreads ◽  
The Capital Market

The investors are one of the important components of the capital market. The investors are the person who invests money in the company. In the capital market, the investors are helped by a broker. The broker helps the investors in overcoming the mismatch between price and quantity that is not in line with expectations. When an investor wants to buy a stock, the broker will ask the asking price and if an investor wants to sell investor�s shares, the broker will provide the bid price. The difference between the bid price and the asking price is called bid-ask spread. Bid-ask spread is the compensation given to the market maker for the services provided. There are several factors that affect the bid-ask spreads that are trading volume, variance return, market value, and return on equity. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the effect of trading volume activity, variance return, market value, and return equity on companies listed in the LQ45 index period of 2013-2016. The sample in this research used purposive sampling. The analysis method for this research was multiple regression models. The results of this research showed that trading volume activity, variance return, market value, and return on equity simultaneously influence bid-ask spread. Partially, trading volume activity has negative insignificantly effect on bid-ask spread. The independence of the board of commissioners has negative insignificantly effect on bid-ask spread. Variance return, market value, return on equity, and have a positive significant effect on bid-ask spread.Keywords: trading volume activity, variance return, market value, return on equity, bid-ask spread

scholarly journals Non-submodular model for group profit maximization problem in social networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Zhu ◽  
Smita Ghosh ◽  
Weili Wu ◽  
Chuangen Gao
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Randomized Algorithm ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Submodular Functions ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Modular Algorithm ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group Enterprise ◽  
Theoretical Results

AbstractIn social networks, there exist many kinds of groups in which people may have the same interests, hobbies, or political orientation. Sometimes, group decisions are made by simply majority, which means that most of the users in this group reach an agreement, such as US Presidential Elections. A group is called activated if $$\beta$$ β percent of users are influenced in the group. Enterprise will gain income from all influenced groups. Simultaneously, to propagate influence, enterprise needs pay advertisement diffusion cost. Group profit maximization (GPM) problem aims to pick k seeds to maximize the expected profit that considers the benefit of influenced groups with the diffusion cost. GPM is proved to be NP-hard and the objective function is proved to be neither submodular nor supermodular. An upper bound and a lower bound which are difference of two submodular functions are designed. We propose a submodular–modular algorithm (SMA) to solve the difference of two submodular functions and SMA is shown to converge to a local optimal. We present an randomized algorithm based on weighted group coverage maximization for GPM and apply sandwich framework to get theoretical results. Our experiments verify the efficiency of our methods.

The impact of credit risk on the financial stability of commercial banks in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quoc Anh ◽  
Duong Nguyen Thanh Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Score Analysis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of credit risk on the financial stability of Vietnamese commercial banks. The paper uses the Z-score to proxy the financial stability of banks. We use the data of 27 Vietnamese commercial banks on BankScope, during 2010 - 2019. The paper applied a dynamic panel data approach; the selected method is the difference GMM (DGMM). The key question discussed is which factor impacts on Z-score. Analysis results show the negative effect of non-performing loans on the financial stability of banks. When commercial banks have higher non-performing loans, the lower the financial stability is. Additionally, bank-specific variables such as equity on asset ratio, the return on equity, the size of the bank and set of macroeconomic variables affect the bank’s financial stability. Based on the analysis results, we imply relevant policies for the State Bank of Vietnam and commercial banks.

scholarly journals Kedudukan Lembaga Perbankan Sebagai Pembeli Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Atas Jaminanya

Acta Comitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
I Dewa Gede Agung Dhira Natsya Ora ◽  
Dewa Gde Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
Development Banks ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regional Development Banks

Abstract This paper aim to develops knowledge in the field of notarial law and finds out the difference in legal standing between Rural Banks and Commercial Banks included Regional Development Banks as buyers in the auction for the executions of collateral for their collateral. Normative legal research methods is uses for this writing. The result of this study indicates that Rural Banks and Commercial Banks have different positions in the purchase of a collateral execution auction. Only Commercial Banks that stipulated in Article 12 A paragraph (1) of the Banking Act can purchase an auction for the executions of mortgage guarantees, while Rural Banks cannot become buyers in the auction for executions of collateral for their collateral.   Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keilmuan dalam bidang hukum kenotariatan dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kedudukan hukum antara Bank Perkreditan Rakyat dengan Bank Umum termasuk didalamnya Bank Pembangunan Daerah sebagai pembeli dalam lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan atas jaminannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Bank Perkreditan Rakyat dengan Bank Umum memiliki perbedaan kedudukan dalam pembelian lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan atas jaminannya. Bank yang dapat membeli lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan atas jaminannya hanyalah Bank Umum sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Pasal 12 A ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perbankan, sedangkan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat tidak dapat menjadi pembeli dalam lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan atas jaminannya.

KINERJA PORTOFOLIO OPTIMAL PADA SAHAM BERBAGAI INDEKS DENGAN KALKULASI RASIO SORTINO, MODIGLIANI SQUARE, DAN ROY’S SAFETY FIRST

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Baiq Nurul Suryawati ◽  
Laila Wardani ◽  
Sulaeman Sarmo ◽  
Iwan Kusmayadi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Portfolio Performance ◽  
Investment Portfolio ◽  
Precise Information ◽  
Investment Pattern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Safety First

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this research is evaluating portfolio performance of variousindexes that comprises constituent index in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The performance of evaluation calculatesbasedon Sortino,Modigliani Square and Roy Safety First ratio. Hence, the difference between its portfolios performances will shows the significance of each market’s differentite. The indexesare LQ 45, Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia, and BISNIS 27. The result shows that there is significance different between the share markets whereas the investment pattern of portfolio will represents investor’s desired return. However, as the measurementrealize on adjusting return and risk, thus, it will necessary to enhance investor’s with more pragmatic method such as share price volatility to persuade more investment. Share price volatility, furthermore, will give more precise information about how return created to profit investors.Keywords: Indexes, Investment, Portfolio Mesurement, Sortino, Modigliani Square, Roy Safety First

scholarly journals Design of preview controller for a type of discrete-time interconnected systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 719-729
Author(s):  
Hao Xie ◽  
Fucheng Liao ◽  
Usman ◽  
Jiamei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Difference Operator ◽  
Interconnected Systems ◽  
Preview Control ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Lyapunov Function Method ◽  
System Equations ◽  
Error System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theoretical Results

This article proposes and studies a problem of preview control for a type of discrete-time interconnected systems. First, adopting the technique of decentralized control, isolated subsystems are constructed by splitting the correlations between the systems. Utilizing the difference operator to the system equations and error vectors, error systems are built. Then, the preview controller is designed for the error system of each isolated subsystem. The controllers of error systems of isolated subsystems are aggregated as a controller of the interconnected system. Finally, by employing Lyapunov function method and the properties of non-singular M-matrix, the guarantee conditions for the existence of preview controllers for interconnected systems are given. The numerical simulation shows that the theoretical results are effective.

Power Transformer Constants Affecting its Impulse Voltage Distribution

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
A. M. El-Arabaty ◽  
Ezzat A. A. Mansour ◽  
Osama A. M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Power Transformer ◽  
Power Transformers ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Voltage Distribution ◽  
Impulse Voltage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Theoretical Results

This work deals with the modification of the known calculating formulae for power transformer constants used for impulse voltage distribution, presents the effect of transformer constants and their modifications on impulse voltage and stress distributions in power transformers, and compares experimental and theoretical results considering measures taken to minimize the difference between them.

scholarly journals A Bracketing Relationship between Difference-in-Differences and Lagged-Dependent-Variable Adjustment

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Ding ◽  
Fan Li
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Nonparametric Model ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Inverse Probability ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Lagged Dependent Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Theoretical Results

Difference-in-differences is a widely used evaluation strategy that draws causal inference from observational panel data. Its causal identification relies on the assumption of parallel trends, which is scale-dependent and may be questionable in some applications. A common alternative is a regression model that adjusts for the lagged dependent variable, which rests on the assumption of ignorability conditional on past outcomes. In the context of linear models, Angrist and Pischke (2009) show that the difference-in-differences and lagged-dependent-variable regression estimates have a bracketing relationship. Namely, for a true positive effect, if ignorability is correct, then mistakenly assuming parallel trends will overestimate the effect; in contrast, if the parallel trends assumption is correct, then mistakenly assuming ignorability will underestimate the effect. We show that the same bracketing relationship holds in general nonparametric (model-free) settings. We also extend the result to semiparametric estimation based on inverse probability weighting. We provide three examples to illustrate the theoretical results with replication files in Ding and Li (2019).

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