Emendation of Fragilariophyceae classification (Bacillariophyta)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Stepanova ◽  
R. M. Gogorev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies

An historical review of some approaches to the classification of diatoms is presented. The class Fragilariophyceae was described by F. Round et al. (1990) and consisted of 54 genera of araphid diatoms. Over the past 25 years, 43 genera and two families within the class have been described. The systematic position of the family Plagiogrammaceae in the class of araphid diatoms was based on phylogenetic molecular studies. According to these data and unique morphological features, we propose a new order, Plagiogrammales ord. nov., with the type genus Plagiogramma. The name of the order Protoraphidales ord. nov. is validated, and the genus Podocystis is transferred from the family Fragilariaceae to the family Licmophoraceae. The systematic position of the genera Florella, Podocystis, Gato and Astrosyne is discussed.

Studies on the Family Opisthorchiidaæ Braun, 1901, with a description of a New Species of Opisthorchis from a Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone)

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The classification of the Trematode family Opisthorchiidæ presents some difficulties to the systematist. These difficulties arise partly from the fact that a number of the existing species appear to lack any real morphological characters by which they can be differentiated, slight variations in measurements, together with a difference in host, having been considered sufficient to justify the making of new species. This view has resulted in the placing of undue importance on somewhat minor differences when they do occur in other species, such differences being considered sufficient for creating new genera.The systematist is further confronted with the difficulty of forming definite opinions on the systematic position of some of the species made by earlier workers. Their descriptions and figures are often inadequate owing to the fact that characters which, in the past, were considered of minor importance are now given much closer attention. Examples of the confusion which has arisen from such a position will be referred to in this paper.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

scholarly journals Sixty Years with the Chrysobalanaceae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghillean T. Prance
Keyword(s):  
Economic Botany ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Economic Use

AbstractA review is given of the studies of Ghillean Prance and associates on the Chrysobalanaceae over the past sixty years. This has focussed on defining the generic boundaries in the family and on monographic work with a worldwide approach to this pantropical family. The importance of field studies for work on monographs and Floras is emphasized. Monographs are still the basis for much work on conservation, ecology and economic botany and are needed as a foundation for molecular studies. The importance of being open to experimenting with new techniques and as a result being willing to change the taxonomy in accordance with new findings is demonstrated and emphasized. The twelve genera of the Chrysobalanaceae at the beginning of this career-long study have now increased to twenty-eight in order to present a much better monophyletic and evolutionary arrangement based on recent molecular evidence. In particular it was necessary to divide and rearrange the originally large genera Parinari and Licania into a number of smaller segregate genera. All known species were included in a worldwide monograph published in 2003. A brief review of the economic use for the family is given.

The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4353 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. GARY STILES ◽  
J. V. JR. REMSEN ◽  
JIMMY A. MCGUIRE
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Classification

The generic nomenclature of the hummingbirds is unusually complicated. McGuire et al.’s (2014) recent phylogeny of the Trochilidae based on DNA sequence data has greatly clarified relationships within the family but conflicts strongly with the traditional classification of the family at the genus level, especially that of the largest and most recently derived clade, the Trochilini or “emeralds”. We recently presented a historical review of this classification and the generic modifications required by the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Herein we present a revised generic classification of the Trochilini based upon McGuire et al.’s genetic data, while producing diagnosable generic groupings and preserving nomenclatural stability insofar as possible. However, this generic rearrangement has necessitated the resurrection of nine generic names currently considered synonyms, the synonymization of seven currently recognized genera and the creation of one new genus. The generic changes we recommend to the classification are drastic, and we summarize these in tabular form in comparison with the three most recent classifications of the Trochilini. Where appropriate, we outline alternatives to our proposed arrangement. The classification treats 110 species in 35 genera, including two species that remain unplaced for lack of genetic samples. 

ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ÆGIALITIDÆ

1904 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
H. F. Wickham
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Way

The family Ægialitidæ, then known by but one species, was placed by Dr. LeConte (Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, p. xxxvi.) in association with those Heteromera having the anterior coxal cavities closed behind. This structure is also assigned to Ægialites in the detailed account of the insect on page 388 of the same work. Dr. Sharp, in his recent treatise on insects (Cambridge Natural History, Vol. VI., p. 265), speaks of the anterior coxæ as being “completely closed in,” while Dr. Geo. Horn, though dissecting a specimen for a study of the mouthparts, seems to have overlooked the coxal structure, or he would certainly have alluded to it in his notes on the genus (Trans. American Ento. Soc., XV., p. 27). In view of the statements in the books, I was surprised, a few months ago, by the receipt of a letter from the Rev. J. H. Keen, in which he asserted that the cavities of the anterior coxæ are open behind, as in indeed the case. Mr. Keen's observation is of great importance, in that it opens the way to a proper appreciation of the systematic position of the insect.

Nomenclatural changes in the higher classification of the family Tettigometridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) with description of a new tribe and new species and a review of the Iranian tettigometrid fauna

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4392 (3) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
FARIBA MOZAFFARIAN ◽  
THIERRY BOURGOIN ◽  
MICHAEL R. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
A New Species

The first part of this paper provides a historical review of the classification of the family Tettigometridae, including the description of a new tribe, Plesiometrini trib. nov. to accommodate three Afrotropical genera of the subfamily Tettigometrinae. The name Nototettigometra Muir 1924, is proposed to replace Hilda Kirkaldy 1900, homonym of Hilda Hörnes & Auinger 1884, and corresponding new combinations are given, including Nototettigometrinae nom. subst. to replace Hildinae Fennah 1952. An identification key to suprageneric taxa of Tettigometridae including both male and female characters is provided. In the second part, 18 tettigometrid species are recorded from Iran. A new species, Tettigometra (Tettigometra) parihana sp. nov. is described. Tettigometra (Metroplaca) longicornis and Tettigometra (Tettigometra) impressifrons are reported as new records for the Iranian fauna. An identification key and distribution maps are provided for the Iran fauna. 

Heterocyphelium leucampyx (Arthoniales, Ascomycota): another orphaned mazaediate lichen finds its way home

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dries VAN DEN BROECK ◽  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Ester GAYA ◽  
José Luis CHAVES ◽  
Julius B. LEJJU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family

AbstractHeterocyphelium is a mazaediate genus containing a single species, H. leucampyx. The species was originally described from Cuba within the genus Trachylia (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae) and later placed in various genera of the collective order Caliciales s. lat. For the past three decades, Heterocyphelium was considered an orphaned genus (incertae sedis) within the Ascomycota, since morphology alone could not resolve its systematic position. In this study, we added molecular data with the aim of resolving this uncertainty. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of newly generated sequence data from the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtSSU) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2) provide clear evidence that Heterocyphelium leucampyx is nested within the order Arthoniales, in the family Lecanographaceae, sister to the genus Alyxoria. Heterocyphelium is a further example of parallel evolution of passive spore dispersal, prototunicate asci and the occurrence of a mazaedium in the Ascomycota, and another calicioid genus whose systematic placement could be eventually clarified by means of molecular data. Heterocyphelium is the fourth mazaediate genus in Arthoniales, in addition to Sporostigma, Tylophorella and Tylophoron.

Morphological features of mucoperichondria in patients with post-traumatic deformity of nasal septum

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Tsarapkin ◽  
◽  
N. L. Kunel’skaya ◽  
O. V. Zairat’yants ◽  
A. S. Tovmasyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Traumatic

Over the past decades, surgical techniques have been improved, aimed at restoring the position of the nasal septum in case of its deformities. The attitude to the technique of the operation itself has changed, which consists in a sparing approach to the osteochondral skeleton of the nasal septum (NS). It should be noted that to date, the histological features of the mucous membrane (MM) of NS have not been studied with pronounced curvatures of PN, in this regard, the purpose of our work was to conduct a histological study of the MM of NS and to identify the morphological features of the structure of mucoperichondria in the area of septal deformity. Research methods. Our study included 24 patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) and concomitant vasomotor or hypertrophic rhinitis. All patients noted impaired nasal breathing. 12 men and women were examined, the average age of the patients was 36 ± 10 years. Patients with grade III of NSD according to the classification of Protasevich were examined and operated on. We analyzed the material taken from 5 loci of the MM of NS. A total of 120 histological sections were examined. When describing histological findings from loci A-E, we were guided by the frequency of occurrence of criteria indicating the severity of irreversible post-traumatic changes in MM of NS. After analyzing the material obtained and carrying out a comparative analysis of the frequency of occurrence of histological findings in each locus, we concluded that the proximity of the locus to the most deformed part of the nasal septum is characterized by the maximum severity of dystrophic and sclerotic changes in the MM of NS, similar to the histological picture of a hypertrophic scar.

Hyperkinesis: pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment (clinical lecture)

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
N. Khanenko ◽  
N. Svyrydova ◽  
G. Chuprina ◽  
T. Parnikosa ◽  
R. Sulik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clear Description

Traditionally, the basic etiological concepts are considered in the views on the morphophysiological basis of hyperkinesis. Hyperkinesia is associated with hypotonia, a decrease in muscle tone, and hyperkinetic disorders are psychogenic and manifest in childhood. Hyperkinesia can be caused by a large number of various diseases, including metabolic disorders, endocrine disruption, hereditary disorders, vascular disorders or traumatic disorders. Other causes include intoxication of the nervous system, autoimmune diseases and infections. The classification of hyperkinesis is that hyperkinetic motions can be defined as any undesirable, excessive movements that can be distinguished from each other, based on the degree to which they are rhythmic, discrete, repetitive and random. When assessing a patient with suspected hyperkinesia, the doctor thoroughly records in the history of the disease a clear description of the movements, the medications prescribed in the past and present, the family history of the similar diseases, the history of the disease, including past infections, and any other influences. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms, restoring normal posture and improving the general condition of the patient.

The morphology and the systematic position of a new Trematode from the intestine of the golden orfe, Leuciscus idus, with a note on the classification of the family Allocreadiidae

1934 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Gobind Singh Thapar ◽  
Jagdeshwari Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
Leuciscus Idus ◽  
Trematode Parasites

A considerable amount of attention has been paid to the parasites of fresh water fishes in the West on account of the great economic importance of fishes, particularly their value in food. Their importance further increases, when we find that they also serve, in several cases, as carriers of the larval stages of the helminth parasites of man and domesticated animals. The work prior to 1924 has been summarised by Nicoll (1924), where he has given a complete bibliography on the subject, and has, besides, indicated the important and characteristic Trematodes of fresh water fishes. In this list he enumerates the forms like Sphaerostoma bramae (= Dist. globiporum); Allocreadium isoporum; Catoptroides macrocotyle; Azygia lucii; Bucephalus polymorphus; Diplostomum volvens; Diplozoon paradoxum; and Gyrodactylus elegans. This list has been considerably enlarged by subsequent workers by the addition of several general and species from the fresh water hosts from different parts of the world, the principal workers being Nicoll, Odhner, Poche and Travassos. In India, the additions to our knowledge of the Trematode parasites of fishes has been made by Southwell (1913), Southwell and Prashad (1919), Verma (1927) and Thapar (1930). The present paper adds yet another genus to the already extensive list of Trematode parasites of fishes.

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