The morphology and the systematic position of a new Trematode from the intestine of the golden orfe, Leuciscus idus, with a note on the classification of the family Allocreadiidae

1934 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Gobind Singh Thapar ◽  
Jagdeshwari Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
Leuciscus Idus ◽  
Trematode Parasites

A considerable amount of attention has been paid to the parasites of fresh water fishes in the West on account of the great economic importance of fishes, particularly their value in food. Their importance further increases, when we find that they also serve, in several cases, as carriers of the larval stages of the helminth parasites of man and domesticated animals. The work prior to 1924 has been summarised by Nicoll (1924), where he has given a complete bibliography on the subject, and has, besides, indicated the important and characteristic Trematodes of fresh water fishes. In this list he enumerates the forms like Sphaerostoma bramae (= Dist. globiporum); Allocreadium isoporum; Catoptroides macrocotyle; Azygia lucii; Bucephalus polymorphus; Diplostomum volvens; Diplozoon paradoxum; and Gyrodactylus elegans. This list has been considerably enlarged by subsequent workers by the addition of several general and species from the fresh water hosts from different parts of the world, the principal workers being Nicoll, Odhner, Poche and Travassos. In India, the additions to our knowledge of the Trematode parasites of fishes has been made by Southwell (1913), Southwell and Prashad (1919), Verma (1927) and Thapar (1930). The present paper adds yet another genus to the already extensive list of Trematode parasites of fishes.

A Global Phylogenomic Study of the Thelypteridaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-915
Author(s):  
Susan Fawcett ◽  
Alan R. Smith ◽  
Michael Sundue ◽  
J. Gordon Burleigh ◽  
Emily B. Sessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Likelihood Analysis ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Recent Classification ◽  
Phylogenomic Study

Abstract— The generic classification of the Thelypteridaceae has been the subject of much controversy. Proposed taxonomic systems have varied from recognizing the approximately 1200 species in the family within the single genus Thelypteris, to systems favoring upwards of 30 genera. Insights on intrafamilial relationships, especially for neotropical taxa, have been gained from recent phylogenetic studies; however, in the most recent classification, 10 of 30 recognized genera are either non-monophyletic or untested. We sequenced 407 nuclear loci for 621 samples, representing all recognized genera and approximately half the known species diversity. These were analyzed using both maximum likelihood analysis of a concatenated matrix and multi-species coalescent methods. Our phylogenomic results, informed by recently published morphological evidence, provide the foundation for a generic classification which recircumscribed 14 genera and recognized seven new genera. The 37 monophyletic genera sampled demonstrate greater geographic coherence than previous taxonomic concepts suggested. Additionally, our results demonstrate that certain morphological characters, such as frond division, are evolutionarily labile and are thus inadequate for defining genera.

Regarding the taxonomic status of Ophyra Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae): A molecular approach

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 712 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME SCHNELL E. SCHUEHLI ◽  
CLAUDIO JOSÉ BARROS DE CARVALHO ◽  
BRIAN M. WIEGMANN
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

The muscid genus Ophyra has long been the subject of debate over its placement within the family. However, a phylogenetic study has never been conducted that would clarify its systematic position. In the present paper, phylogenetic relationships are examined between Ophyra albuquerquei and related muscid genera. The mitochondrial genes Cytochrome Oxidase I and II and tRNA-Leu were used combined with the nuclear genes CAD and Elongation Factor 1 to compose a matrix with 2989 characters (716 parsimonyinformative). These characters were analyzed under parsimony resulting in a single most parsimonious tree. Contrary to some recent classifications, our molecular data suggest the placement of Ophyra albuquerquei within the Muscinae in a separate position from the azeliine genus Hydrotaea.

ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ÆGIALITIDÆ

1904 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 356-357
Author(s):  
H. F. Wickham
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Way

The family Ægialitidæ, then known by but one species, was placed by Dr. LeConte (Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, p. xxxvi.) in association with those Heteromera having the anterior coxal cavities closed behind. This structure is also assigned to Ægialites in the detailed account of the insect on page 388 of the same work. Dr. Sharp, in his recent treatise on insects (Cambridge Natural History, Vol. VI., p. 265), speaks of the anterior coxæ as being “completely closed in,” while Dr. Geo. Horn, though dissecting a specimen for a study of the mouthparts, seems to have overlooked the coxal structure, or he would certainly have alluded to it in his notes on the genus (Trans. American Ento. Soc., XV., p. 27). In view of the statements in the books, I was surprised, a few months ago, by the receipt of a letter from the Rev. J. H. Keen, in which he asserted that the cavities of the anterior coxæ are open behind, as in indeed the case. Mr. Keen's observation is of great importance, in that it opens the way to a proper appreciation of the systematic position of the insect.

Studies on the Family Opisthorchiidaæ Braun, 1901, with a description of a New Species of Opisthorchis from a Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone)

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The classification of the Trematode family Opisthorchiidæ presents some difficulties to the systematist. These difficulties arise partly from the fact that a number of the existing species appear to lack any real morphological characters by which they can be differentiated, slight variations in measurements, together with a difference in host, having been considered sufficient to justify the making of new species. This view has resulted in the placing of undue importance on somewhat minor differences when they do occur in other species, such differences being considered sufficient for creating new genera.The systematist is further confronted with the difficulty of forming definite opinions on the systematic position of some of the species made by earlier workers. Their descriptions and figures are often inadequate owing to the fact that characters which, in the past, were considered of minor importance are now given much closer attention. Examples of the confusion which has arisen from such a position will be referred to in this paper.

scholarly journals Notes on the Ethiopian Fruit-flies of the Family Trypaneidae, other than Dacus (s.l.), with descriptions of new genera and species (Dipt.).—I

1917 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bezzi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
New Genera ◽  
General Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethiopian Region

While the Oriental and Neotropical Trypaneids have been the subject in recent times of extensive studies, those of the Ethiopian Region are still almost in the same condition in which they were left by H. Loew in his valuable paper of 1861. Only more recently Prof. Hendel has made an attempt to erect some Ethiopian genera in his general classification of the family; but all these genera are only shortly characterised by means of dichotomic tables, and most of their type-species have been given names as new species, but without any description.

scholarly journals THE ESSENCE OF TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOTHERAPY PART 1. HEALING OF THE PRIMARY TRAUMAS OF THE THE HUMANITY HUMANITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Майков
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Secondary Traumatization ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Transpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preliminary Classification

Предметом исследования является трансперсональная психотерапия. Ставится вопрос об особенностях её области, метода и культурно исторического пространства её работы. Анализируется причины её особ ого места в семействе различных школ психотерапии. Вводится предположение о том, что эти причины связаны с новым пониманием сознания в трансперсональном подходе. Полученные результаты дают новые возможности понимания того, каким образом и в каком культурно историческом поле работает трансперсональная психотерапия. Метод и методология исследования основаны на анализе незавершённых переходов и связанных с ними первичных травм в историческом развитии человечества вообще и России, в частности, и классификации э тих травм. Основным вкладом автора в исследовании темы является предварительная классификация первичных трав и анализе их роли во вторичной травматизации. Введённые представления о необходимости исцеления первичных травм открывают новые возможности заботы о душе в профессиональной психотерапии. The subject of the study is transpersonal psychotherapy. The question is raised about the peculiarities of The subject of the study is transpersonal psychotherapy. The question is raised about the peculiarities of its its field, methodfield, method, as well as the , as well as the cultural and hcultural and historical space of istorical space of itsits work. The reasons for its special place in the family of various schools work. The reasons for its special place in the family of various schools of psychotherapy are analyzed. The assumption is introduced that these reasons are associated with a new understanding of of psychotherapy are analyzed. The assumption is introduced that these reasons are associated with a new understanding of consciousness in the transpersonal appconsciousness in the transpersonal approach. The obtained results provide new opportunities for understanding in what cultural and roach. The obtained results provide new opportunities for understanding in what cultural and historical field and how transpersonal psychotherapy works. The method and methodology of the study are based on the analysishistorical field and how transpersonal psychotherapy works. The method and methodology of the study are based on the analysis of of incomplete transitions and associaincomplete transitions and associated primary traumas in the historical development of ted primary traumas in the historical development of the the mankind in general and Russia in mankind in general and Russia in particular, and the classification of these traumasparticular, and the classification of these traumas is presentedis presented. The main contribution of the author . The main contribution of the author toto the study of the topic is the the study of the topic is the preliminary classification of ppreliminary classification of primary traumas and the analysis of their role in secondary traumatization. The introduced ideas about rimary traumas and the analysis of their role in secondary traumatization. The introduced ideas about the need to heal primary traumas open up new opportunities for caring for the soul in professional psychotherapy.the need to heal primary traumas open up new opportunities for caring for the soul in professional psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Chemokines – role in inflammatory and cancer diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 372-386
Author(s):  
Sylwia Cisoń-Jurek ◽  
Paulina Czajka-Francuz ◽  
Tomasz Francuz ◽  
Jerzy Wojnar
Keyword(s):  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Chemokines ◽  
The Relationship

Over 50 human chemokines are known at present; the number of the newly discovered compounds from this group still grows. These proteins of low molecular weight, belonging to the family of cytokines with chemotactic properties. Chemokines participate in the physiological and pathological processes of the organism. Recent papers show their role in the processes of embryogenesis, organogenesis, allergies, wound healing, angiogenesis and apoptosis, the course of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and cancerogenesis. Chemokines play crucial role in activation and migration of immune cells. Being a key player in chronic inflammation, chemokines may interfere the processes of cellular differentiation and contribute to loss of control over proliferation. Coexistence of inflammatory and cancerogenesis processes, impact of chemokines on cells associated with the tumor and stromal cells, mechanisms of immunological escape is considered to be a current scientific issue. Newly discovered functions of chemokines may reveal their new roles and create the new therapeutic perspectives. It is important to understand the relationship between the structure and function of chemokine receptors, the regulation of their signaling pathways and the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of chemokines and their receptors. This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding the construction and classification of chemokines and summarizes the most prominent roles of chemokines. Chemokines are still the subject of many scientific studies, new functions are being discovered. It gives an opportunity to limit the development of many dangerous diseases.

scholarly journals КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ДОКУМЕНТОВ В СФЕРЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ И ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ЖЕНЩИН

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8(48)) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Фируза Хамдамова
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Geographical Scope

The article is devoted to the classification of international documents in the field of ensuring and protecting the rights of women. The author systematizes them for several reasons, namely: depending on the subject who accepted the document, according to its legal nature, on the range of issues regulated by the document, its geographical scope. The author also raises the question of the reasons for the ineffectiveness of some documents on women's rights, in particular, the issue of reservations and cultural relativism.Thus, today there is a huge array of international documents on the rights of women, which are a fairly solid legal basis for effectively ensuring the rights of women. These documents are adopted in various forms - in the form of declarations, recommendations, conventions and programs or strategies of actions, that is, in the form of documents of a mandatory or recommendatory nature. An analysis of their content made it possible to highlight the most priority areas of international legal cooperation in the field of ensuring the rights of women, namely, maternity protection, ensuring equality in the family and the world of work, and protecting women from violence. More and more documents are being adopted in order to protect vulnerable layers of women facing multiple discrimination. The adoption of documents on the protection of the most vulnerable categories of women, that is, women exposed to multiple discrimination, is one of the trends in the development of international legal standards on women's rights.

Emendation of Fragilariophyceae classification (Bacillariophyta)

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Stepanova ◽  
R. M. Gogorev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies

An historical review of some approaches to the classification of diatoms is presented. The class Fragilariophyceae was described by F. Round et al. (1990) and consisted of 54 genera of araphid diatoms. Over the past 25 years, 43 genera and two families within the class have been described. The systematic position of the family Plagiogrammaceae in the class of araphid diatoms was based on phylogenetic molecular studies. According to these data and unique morphological features, we propose a new order, Plagiogrammales ord. nov., with the type genus Plagiogramma. The name of the order Protoraphidales ord. nov. is validated, and the genus Podocystis is transferred from the family Fragilariaceae to the family Licmophoraceae. The systematic position of the genera Florella, Podocystis, Gato and Astrosyne is discussed.

A Reference List of the Trematode Parasites of British Amphibia

Parasitology ◽  
1926 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Reference List ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Trematode Parasites

In spite of the fact that frogs form a common subject of biological examination and experiment it is curious that, in this country, there have been few reports on the helminth parasites with which they are so frequently infected. We owe practically all our knowledge of the Trematode parasites of amphibians to continental zoologists. The early researches of von Frölich (1789–1802) and Rudolphi (1809) followed, a hundred years later, by those of von Linstow (1877–1890) and Looss (1894–1901), are responsible for the greater part of the existing information. Amongst others who have devoted some attention to the subject may be mentioned the names of Dujardin (1845), Diesing (1836–1858), Gastaldi (1854) and Olsson (1876).

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