scholarly journals MICROMYCETES IN KARST CAVES

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
A.S. Ryabova ◽  
◽  
L.Y. Kuzmina ◽  
N.F. Galimzyanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
Underground Cavity ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Karst Caves ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Parasitic Lifestyle ◽  
Cave Ecosystems ◽  
The Relationship

Micromycetes are an integral part of the microbial community of cave ecosystems, they play the role of decomposers or lead a parasitic lifestyle. Microscopic fungi, including yeast, in caves are isolated from soil, air, water, mineral formations, rock surfaces and even troglobionts. By the ratio of fungi of different temperature regimes and the succession of species, one can inference the relationship between the underground cavity and the surface and the intensity of nutrient intake. Representatives of Chrysosporium, Mucor, Mortierella, Peniciliium, Trihoderma, Aspergillus, Geomyces predominate among microscopic fungi in caves. Micromycetes are actively involved in geochemical transformations of the environment, causing corrosion of rocks, which can pose a danger to the preservation of rock paintings in decorated cavities. Anthropogenic load leads to changes in the composition of microscopic fungi due to an increase in the trophic status of cave ecosystems, as well as due to the possible active transboundary transfer of microorganisms by visitors. The use of underground cavities as tourist sites dictates the need to develop criteria for standardizing the content of micromycetes in the air, taking into account the specifics of caves to ensure the safety of people. This review is aimed at summarizing the accumulated data on the diversity and distribution of microscopic fungi in karst caves.

scholarly journals Identifying Sources of Hepatic Lipogenic Acetyl-CoA Using Stable Isotope Tracers and NMR

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Isotope Tracers ◽  
Disease States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
C Nmr

The role of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in promoting fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemia during excessive nutrient intake is becoming firmly established. Certain nutrients such as fructose promote hepatic DNL activity and this has been at least partly attributed to their efficient conversion to the acetyl-CoA precursors of DNL. However, tracer studies indicate a paradoxically low level of fructose incorporation into lipids, which begs the question of what the actual lipogenic acetyl-CoA sources are under these and other conditions. Here, we describe novel approaches for measuring substrate contributions to lipogenic hepatic acetyl-CoA using 13C-tracers and 13C-NMR analysis of lipids and acetyl-CoA probes. We review and address aspects of hepatic intermediary fluxes and acetyl-CoA compartmentation that can confound the relationship between 13C-precursor substrate and lipogenic 13C-acetyl-CoA enrichments and demonstrate novel methodologies that can provide realistic estimates of 13C-enriched substrate contributions to DNL. The most striking realization is that the principal substrate contributors to lipogenic acetyl-CoA have yet to be identified, but they are probably not the so-called “lipogenic substrates” such as fructose. The proposed methods may improve our insight into the nutrient sources of DNL under various feeding and disease states.

Effect of temperature and current manipulation on smolting in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): the relationship between migratory behaviour and physiological development

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Sykes ◽  
J. Mark Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the role of temperature and current on migration pattern and physiological change in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) smolts. Chinook parr were implanted with passive integrated transponder tags and placed in circular tanks with directional current. Paired antennas in each tank allowed for the monitoring of movements with or against the current. Two temperature regimes, naturally increasing (warm) and constant (cool), were combined with high current (>0.5 m·s–1) and low current (<0.1 m·s–1) to create four experimental treatments. At 2-week intervals, fish were sampled for gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and plasma cortisol concentration. Increasing temperature resulted in an earlier peak in movement than colder groups and showed a distinct peak in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Current did not influence physiological parameters associated with smolting and was not found to initiate movement; movement was related to accumulated thermal units (ATU). The presence of a strong, directional current, however, resulted in a period of more defined movement, suggesting a possible influence of current once migration is underway. A combination of either photoperiod or ATU with gill Na+,K+-ATPase was most strongly linked to movement. ATU was also found to be more strongly correlated with the smolting process than daily mean temperature.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

The Relationship Between Antioxidant Nutrient Intake and Cataracts in Older People

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Ortega ◽  
López-Sobaler ◽  
Aparicio ◽  
Bermejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged ≥ 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a "precise individual weighing" method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; Cl: 1.1–9.3, P < 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; Cl: 0.01–0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of < 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of > 183 mg/day (P95) (p < 0.01). Subjects who consumed > 3290 μg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; Cl: 0.007–1.084; p < 0.05) than those whose consumption was < 256 μg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; Cl: 0.91–0.99; p < 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

Social Support, Emotional Intelligence, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Hofman ◽  
Austin M. Hahn ◽  
Christine K. Tirabassi ◽  
Raluca M. Gaher
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Exposure to traumatic events and the associated risk of developing Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is a significant and overlooked concern in the college population. It is important for current research to identify potential protective factors associated with the development and maintenance of PTSD symptoms unique to this population. Emotional intelligence and perceived social support are two identified protective factors that influence the association between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD symptomology. The current study examined the mediating role of social support in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD symptoms. Participants included 443 trauma-exposed university students who completed online questionnaires. The results of this study indicated that social support mediates the relationship between emotional intelligence and reported PTSD symptoms. Thus, emotional intelligence is significantly associated with PTSD symptoms and social support may play an integral role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD. The current study is the first to investigate the role of social support in the relationship between emotional intelligence and PTSD symptoms. These findings have important treatment and prevention implications with regard to PTSD.

Coping Humor as a Mediator Between Emotional Intelligence and Job Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Sun ◽  
Jennifer J. Chen ◽  
Hongyan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Job Satisfaction

Abstract. This study investigated the mediating role of coping humor in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and job satisfaction. Participants were 398 primary school teachers in China, who completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, Coping Humor Scale, and Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Results showed that coping humor was a significant mediator between EI and job satisfaction. A further examination revealed, however, that coping humor only mediated two sub-dimensions of EI (use of emotion and regulation of emotion) and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and limitations of the study are discussed.

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