Effect of temperature and current manipulation on smolting in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): the relationship between migratory behaviour and physiological development

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Sykes ◽  
J. Mark Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the role of temperature and current on migration pattern and physiological change in Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) smolts. Chinook parr were implanted with passive integrated transponder tags and placed in circular tanks with directional current. Paired antennas in each tank allowed for the monitoring of movements with or against the current. Two temperature regimes, naturally increasing (warm) and constant (cool), were combined with high current (>0.5 m·s–1) and low current (<0.1 m·s–1) to create four experimental treatments. At 2-week intervals, fish were sampled for gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and plasma cortisol concentration. Increasing temperature resulted in an earlier peak in movement than colder groups and showed a distinct peak in gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Current did not influence physiological parameters associated with smolting and was not found to initiate movement; movement was related to accumulated thermal units (ATU). The presence of a strong, directional current, however, resulted in a period of more defined movement, suggesting a possible influence of current once migration is underway. A combination of either photoperiod or ATU with gill Na+,K+-ATPase was most strongly linked to movement. ATU was also found to be more strongly correlated with the smolting process than daily mean temperature.

Estimating the influence of temperature on the survival of chinook salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrating through the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta of California

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fritz Baker ◽  
Franklin K. Ligon ◽  
Terence P. Speed
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
San Joaquin River ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement

Data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service are used to investigate the relationship between water temperature and survival of hatchery-raised fall-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts migrating through the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta of California. A formal statistical model is presented for the release of smolts marked with coded-wire tags (CWTs) in the lower Sacramento River and the subsequent recovery of marked smolts in midwater trawls in the Delta. This model treats survival as a logistic function of water temperature, and the release and recovery of different CWT groups as independent mark–recapture experiments. Iteratively reweighted least squares is used to fit the model to the data, and simulation is used to establish confidence intervals for the fitted parameters. A 95% confidence interval for the upper incipient lethal temperature, inferred from the trawl data by this method, is 23.01 ± 1.08 °C This is in good agreement with published experimental results obtained under controlled conditions (24.3 ± 0.1 and 25.1 ± 0.1 °C for chinook salmon acclimatized to 10 and 20 °C, respectively): this agreement has implications for the applicability of laboratory findings to natural systems.

Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Temperature on the LCF Behaviour of a CuCrZr Alloy Specimen

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
M. Benhaddou ◽  
M. Ghammouri ◽  
Z. Hammouch ◽  
F. Latrache
Keyword(s):  
Test Piece ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Alloy Specimen ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cylindrical Test

The main originality of this work consists in investigating low cycle fatigue of cylindrical test piece with wings under imposed constraint and for the temperature 20°c, 200°c, 400°c. Based on a combination between the fatigue parameter of Jiang-Sehitoglu and the relationship of Coffin-Manson, a numerical model for the prediction of the number of cycles at break. It was found that the CuCrZr cylindrical test piece showed a reduction in fatigue life with increasing temperature.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Digital Egg Coloration and Egg Survival in Landlocked Fall Chinook

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Holiday Robley ◽  
Michael E. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Egg Coloration

Digital color values were collected from the eggs of 128 spawns from individual landlocked fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha females from Lake Oahe, South Dakota, USA, in 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016. For all spawns, the mean (SE) a* value, a measure of red-green chromaticness, was 10.99 (0.27), and ranged from 3.98 to 18.71. Mean (SE) b* (yellow-green) was 20.27 (0.32), and ranged from 9.28 to 28.50. Mean (SE) L* (white-black) was 20.73 (0.48), and ranged from 3.98 to 18.71. Egg total color index also showed considerable variation, with a mean (SE) of 23.05 (0.37) and range from 11.70 to 31.64. Egg survival to the eyed-stage was weakly, but significantly, correlated to b* (r = 0.206), L* (r = 0.185), Chroma (r = 0.211), and Entire Color Index (r = 0.211). Spawns with no egg survival had eggs with significantly lower a* values compared to spawns where at least some of the eggs survived to the eyed stage. L*, a*, b*, Chroma, and Entire Color Index varied significantly among the years, but Hue and egg survival to the eyed stage did not. The results of this study indicate a possible link between egg color and landlocked fall Chinook salmon egg survival, possibly due to differences in the diets of feral broodstock females or their ability to deposit bodily carotenoids in the developing eggs.

Effect of Temperature on Initial Feeding in Alevins of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1554-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Heming ◽  
J. E. McInerney ◽  
D. F. Alderdice
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Food Presentation ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Active Feeding ◽  
Feeding Zone

Growth and survival of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during the transition to active feeding were examined in relation to the timing of initial food presentation at 6, 8, 10, and 12 °C. The transition to active feeding in these salmon involved a period of "precocious feeding" during which ingestion of food had no effect on fish size, growth rate, or survival. Initial utilization of food for growth and survival did not coincide with any specific stage of development, but rather it occurred earlier and at a less mature stage of development at higher temperatures. Delays in initial food presentation beyond this point reduced fish size and survival. Temperature and the timing of initial food presentation interacted to create a zone of optimum feeding. Biomass production was maximized when alevins began to feed within this zone, independent of the precise time of initial food presentation or temperature. This optimum feeding zone existed at temperatures below 12 °C, between 905 thermal units (tu) postfertilization and a point (F, tu) which varied with temperature (T, °C) as F = 1201.1 − 20.3 T.Key words: temperature, initial feeding, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fish culture

Smolt Transformation and Seaward Migration in 0-Age Progeny of Adult Spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Matured Early with Photoperiod Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Zaugg ◽  
J. E. Bodle ◽  
J. E. Manning ◽  
E. Wold
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Photoperiod Control

Maturation of hatchery-held adult spring-run chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was accelerated by decreasing photoperiods. Spawning occurred 1 mo earlier than with nontreated fish. Because of early hatching, progeny from the photoperiod regulated adults were larger and exhibited signs of parr–smolt transformation such as changes in coloration and behavior, elevation of gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity, and active seaward migration at age 0, nearly 1 yr prior to usual releases of juveniles from normally spawned adults.

scholarly journals A non-functional copy of the salmonid sex determining gene (sdY) is responsible for the “apparent” XY females in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Bertho ◽  
Amaury Herpin ◽  
Elodie Jouanno ◽  
Ayaka Yano ◽  
Julien Bobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missense Mutation ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Synergistic Induction ◽  
Sex Determination System

Abstract Many salmonids have a male heterogametic (XX/XY) sex determination system, and they are supposed to have a conserved master sex determining gene (sdY), that interacts at the protein level with Foxl2 leading to the blockage of the synergistic induction of Foxl2 and Nr5a1 of the cyp19a1a promoter. However, this hypothesis of a conserved master sex determining role of sdY in salmonids is challenged by a few exceptions, one of them being the presence of naturally occurring “apparent” XY Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, females. Here we show that some XY Chinook salmon females have a sdY gene (sdY-N183), with one missense mutation leading to a substitution of a conserved isoleucine to an asparagine (I183N). In contrast, Chinook salmon males have both a non-mutated sdY-I183 gene and the missense mutation sdY-N183 gene. The 3D model of SdY-I183N predicts that the I183N hydrophobic to hydrophilic amino acid change leads to a modification of the SdY β-sandwich structure. Using in vitro cell transfection assays we found that SdY-I183N, like the wildtype SdY, is preferentially localized in the cytoplasm. However, compared to wildtype SdY, SdY-I183N is more prone to degradation, its nuclear translocation by Foxl2 is reduced and SdY-I183N is unable to significantly repress the synergistic Foxl2/Nr5a1 induction of the cyp19a1a promoter. Altogether our results suggest that the sdY-N183 gene of XY Chinook females is non-functional and that SdY-I183N is no longer able to promote testicular differentiation by impairing the synthesis of estrogens in the early differentiating gonads of wild Chinook salmon XY females.

Role of natural day-length and temperature in determination of summer and winter diapause in Pieris melete (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Xiao ◽  
S.H. Wu ◽  
H.M. He ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
F.S. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Summer Diapause ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractUnder field conditions, the cabbage butterfly, Pieris melete, displays a pupal summer diapause in response to relatively low daily temperatures and gradually increasing day-length during spring and a pupal winter diapause in response to the progressively shorter day-length. To determine whether photoperiod is ‘more’ important than temperature in the determination of summer and winter diapause, or vice versa, the effects of naturally changing day-length and temperature on the initiation of summer and winter diapause were systematically investigated under field conditions for five successive years. Field results showed that the incidence of summer diapause significantly declined with the naturally increasing temperature in spring and summer generations. Path coefficient analysis showed that the effect of temperature was much greater than photoperiod in the determination of summer diapause. In autumn, the incidence of diapause was extremely low when larvae developed under gradually shortening day-length and high temperatures. The incidence of winter diapause increased to 60–90% or higher with gradually shortening day-length combined with temperatures between 20.0°C and 22.0°C. Decreasing day-length played a more important role in the determination of winter diapause induction than temperature. The eco-adaptive significance of changing day-length and temperature in the determination of summer and winter diapause was discussed.

The effect of some environmental conditions on seed development and hard-seededness in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
MJ Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Dry Out

Subterranean clover (cv. Daliak) was grown in boxes with provision for unrestricted lateral growth. At the commencement of flowering, plants were allocated to three day/night temperature regimes of 12/7°, 18/13° and 24/19°C in controlled-temperature glasshouses and well watered until maturity (unstressed). In two additional treatments at 18/13°, plants were either subjected to intermittent moisture stress throughout the flowering period (stressed) or well watered for the first 6 weeks of flowering and then allowed to dry out (droughted). Increasing temperature resulted in more rapid inflorescence production, seed development and earlier plant maturation. The overall mean seed size was lower at 24/19° than at the other two temperatures. The stressed and droughted treatments produced fewer and smaller seeds than the corresponding unstressed treatment. There was a small effect of temperature on the degree of hard-seededness as determined from the mean softening time of seed subjected to daily alternating temperatures of 60/15°. Softening time was not significantly affected by watering treatments. There were small differences in softening time due to the position of the burr on the lateral, with a slight trend for seeds from the first-formed burrs to soften more rapidly. Most of the variation in softening time between seeds was due to variation within burrs. The sequence of seed softening within burrs was related to seed size, the larger seeds generally softening first, but no single regression could be used to describe this relationship for different burr positions or treatments. The absence of major treatment effects on the degree of hard-seededness indicates that varying the length of the seed development period does not necessarily result in differences in hard-seededness, as has been suggested from field experiments.

Temperature Effects on Translocation Patterns of Several Herbicides within Quackgrass (Agropyron repens)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Increasing Temperature

A growth cabinet study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the distribution of several herbicides in quackgrass. Uniformly labeled14C-sucrose and the radiolabeled herbicides glyphosate, sethoxydim, cloproxydim, the butyl ester of fluazifop, the methyl ester of haloxyfop, and the ethyl ester of quizalofop were applied to quackgrass grown at three day / night temperature regimes (10/5, 20/15, and 30/25 C). Seven days after treatment the plants were harvested, lyophilized, and later sectioned, mapped, and oxidized in preparation for14C quantification. Quackgrass rhizome growth was more vigorous at 20/15 than 30/25 or 10/5 C. of the herbicides tested, haloxyfop was the most inhibitory to rhizome growth. Temperature increases from 10/5 to 20/15 or from 20/15 to 30/25 C resulted in more translocation to shoots. Increasing temperature had various effects on translocation to rhizomes depending on the chemical applied. At all three temperature regimes, more14C was recovered from distal than basal buds in plants treated with14C-sethoxydim. In contrast, at all three temperature regimes, similar amounts of14C were recovered from the distal and basal buds of plants treated with 14-C-sucrose.

Copper Intoxication in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Induced by Natural Springwater: Effects on Gill Na+, K+-ATPase, Hematocrit, and Plasma Glucose

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Beckman ◽  
Waldo S. Zaugg
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Copper Intoxication ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) parr and smolts were exposed to natural springwater with an elevated copper concentration. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in parr was unaffected by 18 h of exposure, while significant inhibition was found in smolts. Under the same exposure conditions, significant increases in hematocrit and plasma glucose were found in both parr and smolts. The results suggest that only the Na+, K+-ATPase enzyme associated with chloride cells in the gill of smolts is susceptible to inhibition by copper, thus explaining the lack of enzyme inhibition found in parr.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document