Civil War and international intervention in the Russian North: a critical review of the book by an Israeli historian

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Vladislav Goldin ◽  
Flera Sokolova ◽  
Alexander Shaparov

CIVIL WAR AND INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE BOOK BY AN ISRAELI HISTORIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
V. I. Goldin ◽  

This article describes the all-Russian scientific conference “International Intervention and Civil War in Russia and the Russian North: key problems, historical memory, and lessons of history”, held in Arkhangelsk, September 10–11, 2020. Co-organizers of the conference were the Russian Military-Historical Society and its Arkhangelsk branch, the Government of the Arkhangelsk Region, the M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University , and the Association of the Russian Civil War Scholars. Conference sponsors were the Russian Military- Historical Society and the Government of the Arkhangelsk Region. Established and younger scholars from 14 regions of Russia, as well as from Ukraine and Norway, took part in the conference and its proceedings. Conference participators considered the key problems of genesis, origins, and causes for the Russian Civil War, its modern conceptualization, the role of international intervention in Russia and the Russian North, results, consequences, and historical lessons of this war. Special attention was given to preparing of Volume XII (in two books), Civil War in Russia, 1917–1922, of the 20-volume academic series History of Russia and problems of historical and cultural memory of the Russian Civil War. Four sections and three roundtables considered questions of the dialectical relationship of international intervention and Civil War in Russia and the Russian North; of international, national, regional, and local dimensions of the Civil War; and of the individual at war. Conference participators pointed out the necessity of responsible, competent, and objective historical studies of the Russian Civil War, an attitude of care towards existing monuments and memorials, and strict examination and scientific expertise of new memorial projects devoted to this war.


2021 ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Mironenko Maria P. ◽  

The article is devoted to the fate of an archaeologist, historian, employee of the Rumyantsev Museum, local historian, head of the section for the protection of museums and monuments of art and antiquities in Arkhangelsk, member and active participant of the Arkhangelsk Church Archaeological Committee and the Arkhangelsk Society for the Study of Russian North K.N. Lyubarsky (1886–1920). The Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum stores his archive, which sheds light on the history of his struggle to protect churches and other monuments of art and culture dying in the North of Russia during the revolution and civil war, for the creation of the Arkhangelsk Regional Museum.


Author(s):  
John W. Young ◽  
John Kent

This chapter examines the unrest across the Middle East in the 2010s. The first section focuses on the civil war in Syria and the role of so-called Islamic State., examining the causes of the Syrian uprising and the development of protests against President Assad into civil war. It describes the growth of Jihadism, formation of Ahrar al-Sham, and emergence of ISIS, and the subsequent declaration of a Caliphate. The escalation and destructive impact of the conflict is examined in the context of increasing international intervention and the involvement of foreign powers in both exacerbation of the conflict and efforts to restore peace. The second section describes the growing regional importance of Iran alongside the 2015 nuclear deal and tensions with Saudi Arabia. The chapter concludes with the Arab Spring in Tunisia and Egypt, conflict in Yemen, and the downfall of Gaddafi in Libya.


2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 365-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Blair

AbstractWhat are the effects of international intervention on the rule of law after civil war? Rule of law requires not only that state authorities abide by legal limits on their power, but also that citizens rely on state laws and institutions to adjudicate disputes. Using an original survey and list experiment in Liberia, I show that exposure to the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) increased citizens’ reliance on state over nonstate authorities to resolve the most serious incidents of crime and violence, and increased nonstate authorities’ reliance on legal over illegal mechanisms of dispute resolution. I use multiple identification strategies to support a causal interpretation of these results, including an instrumental variables strategy that leverages plausibly exogenous variation in the distribution of UNMIL personnel induced by the killing of seven peacekeepers in neighboring Côte d'Ivoire. My results are still detectable two years later, even in communities that report no further exposure to peacekeepers. I also find that exposure to UNMIL did not mitigate and may in fact have exacerbated citizens’ perceptions of state corruption and bias in the short term, but that these apparently adverse effects dissipated over time. I conclude by discussing implications of these complex but overall beneficial effects.


Author(s):  
Frederic Wehrey

The course of the 2011 Libyan revolution, international intervention, and the regime’s application of armed force created new forms of sub-state affiliation and mobilization. International and regional intervention has exacerbated Libya’s chaos and deepened its fault lines. The civil war in 2014 was the culmination of these fissures and international pressures but conflicts since then by the myriad armed groups have become increasingly predatory—a scramble for the country’s oil wealth and the capture of state institutions. Libya’s conflicts are directly tied to the pathologies of the rentier oil state under Gaddafi and the failure of post-2011 distributive policies, along with endemic corruption and cronyism. Meanwhile, Western engagement is focused on parochial aims such as counterterrorism and stemming irregular migration. For the foreseeable future, Libya is likely to suffer from truncated sovereignty, a fractured national identity, regional meddling, simmering armed conflict, and hyper-localized politics.


Significance These developments threaten to ignite a multi-dimensional civil war pitting Tigrayan against federal and Amhara regional forces. Impacts The conflict will test the cohesion of the military, which was once dominated by Tigrayans but has been undergoing reforms under Abiy. Abiy is likely to view international intervention as a sign of loss of control and may reject mediation offers. Amhara forces may try to reclaim ‘historic’ Amhara areas that Tigray allegedly arrogated, potentially displacing many Tigrayans. Alongside desert locust swarms in parts of the country, including Tigray, the conflict may worsen food security risks. Elections tentatively rescheduled for May or June 2021 may be postponed again.


Author(s):  
T. Andreeva

The article is devoted to the problem of relationship improvement between UK and Russia under David Cameron’s – Nick Clegg's coalitional government, before the Crimea crisis of 2014. The author scrutinizes history and peculiarities of bilateral political and economic relations, which include the Britain's accusations of human rights violation against Russia, on one side, and the contracts between BP and Russian oil corporations, on the other side. Also the positions of the two states on such issues as the beginning of international intervention in Libya, the adjustment of matters with the civil war in Syria, and the settlement of situation in Afghanistan are highlighted in the paper. The article answers two main questions: what contributed to improvement of bilateral relationship, and what could help to make it better again in the nearest future?


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