scholarly journals Из наблюдений над семантикой имперфективного будущего в среднерусской письменности

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Я. А. Пенькова ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Type ◽  
Russian Part ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
National Corpus

The present paper investigates differences between the semantic types of predicates which occurred in the constructions with the auxiliaries budu and stanu in Middle Russian. The data for the research was collected using the Middle Russian part of the Russian National Corpus. The examples in the final dataset were classi fied according to the date, source, and semantic type of the verb used in the constructions in question. The study has shown that states were more likely to co-occur with the auxiliary budu, whereas accomplishments denoting the accumulation of effect — with the auxiliary stanu. Such differences between budu and stanu show that budu was not a simple “foreign” replacement for stanu but penetrated the verb system through a separate set of contexts not related to expressing inchoative meaning.

“That’s well good”: A Re-emergent Intensifier in Current British English

2020 ◽  
pp. 007542422097914
Author(s):  
Karin Aijmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
British English ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
National Corpus

Well has a long history and is found as an intensifier already in older English. It is argued that diachronically well has developed from its etymological meaning (‘in a good way’) on a cline of adverbialization to an intensifier and to a discourse marker. Well is replaced by other intensifiers in the fourteenth century but emerges in new uses in Present-Day English. The changes in frequency and use of the new intensifier are explored on the basis of a twenty-year time gap between the old British National Corpus (1994) and the new Spoken British National Corpus (2014). The results show that well increases in frequency over time and that it spreads to new semantic types of adjectives and participles, and is found above all in predicative structures with a copula. The emergence of a new well and its increase in frequency are also related to social factors such as the age, gender, and social class of the speakers, and the informal character of the conversation.

Reflexive nominal compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekkehard König
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Nominal Compounds ◽  
Multiple Uses ◽  
Semantic Types

This paper presents a detailed analysis of reflexive nominal compounds like self-assessment in English and their counterparts in nine other languages, whose number and use has strongly increased in these languages over the last several decades. The first component of these compounds is shown to be related to intensifiers like selbst in German and its cognate form self- in English, whose multiple uses also underlie different semantic types of reflexive compounds (self-help vs. self-control), whereas the second component typically derives from transitive verbs. Among the central problems discussed in this paper are the question of the productivity of these compounds and the possibility of deriving their meaning in a compositional fashion. The parameters of variation manifested by the sample of languages under comparison in this pilot study concern inter alia the form of the intensifier (native or borrowed, one or two), the semantic type, and the lexical category of the resultant compound.

scholarly journals The Specific Role of Verb “To Carry” in Balinese

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Pristina Pidada ◽  
Mirsa Umiyati ◽  
Ni Wayan Kasni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Intimate Relation ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Research Show

A number of studies on verbs as one of the linguistic grammatical categories, serving to desccribe events, have been to explore in depth their more distinct types according to their semantic primitives under the natural semantic metalanguage theory approach. This research aims is to features the semantic types and specific roles of the verb ‘to carry’ in Balinese from the natural semantic metalanguage theory perspective. This study is a qualitative study. The semantic types of the verb in question was first classified in order to ease the identification of their specific semantic roles. The results of research show type of semantic roles were restricted to agent for the arguments serving as an actor of the activity described with the each of semantic type of the verb ‘to carry’ and patient for those serving as target of the said activity. This research discloses a 21 type of Balinese verbs which semantically have an intimate relation to the verb ‘to carry’; they are nèngtèng, ningting, nyangkol, nyangkil, nyuun, negen, ngandong, nenggolong, nyelet, nyelepit, ngabin, nampa, ngundit, nangal, nandan, nyekel, nikul, ngenyang, mundut, nyunggi, dan ngayot.

Méthode D'analyse des Connecteurs du Français en Vue D'un Traitement Automatique

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Renata Kozlowska-Heuchin
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Processing ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Semantic Typology ◽  
Semantic Properties

The subject of this article is the analysis of clauses of aim, cause, consequence and condition in French in view to the automatic processing. Our theoretical framework is that of lexicon-grammar. This study differs from the usual grammatical analyses. Here, the complex sentence is studied on the model of the simple sentence, defined as an operator accompanied by its arguments. The conjunctive phrase is our starting point for this study, and it is then shown that the noun around which it is formed, is of predicative type and has the main clause and the subordinate as arguments. This is a predicate «of second order». Automatic processing requires extremely accurate notation of syntactic and semantic properties if ambiguity and polysemy are to be correctly handled. Those descriptions based on syntactico-semantic features are insufficient, which is why the concept of « class of objects » is brought in. There are as many types of relations as there are semantic types of predicate. This is the reason why a semantic typology of predicates is sketched out, integrating lexical, syntactic and semantic components. It is shown that each semantic type can have its own appropriate lexical means of expression and specific syntactic behaviour.

scholarly journals Quality Assurance of UMLS Semantic Type Assignments Using SNOMED CT Hierarchies

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Chen ◽  
Z. He ◽  
M. Halper ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
H. Gu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Unified Medical Language System ◽  
Type Assignment ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
High Level

SummaryBackground: The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is one of the largest biomedical terminological systems, with over 2.5 million concepts in its Metathesaurus repository. The UMLS’s Semantic Network (SN) with its collection of 133 high-level semantic types serves as an abstraction layer on top of the Metathesaurus. In particular, the SN elaborates an aspect of the Metathesaurus’s concepts via the assignment of one or more types to each concept. Due to the scope and complexity of the Metathesaurus, errors are all but inevitable in this semantic-type assignment process.Objectives: To develop a semi-automated methodology to help assure the quality of semantic-type assignments within the UMLS.Methods: The methodology uses a cross- validation strategy involving SNOMED CT’s hierarchies in combination with UMLS se -mantic types. Semantically uniform, disjoint concept groups are generated programmatically by partitioning the collection of all concepts in the same SNOMED CT hierarchy according to their respective semantic-type assignments in the UMLS. Domain experts are then called upon to review the concepts in any group having a small number of concepts. It is our hypothesis that a semantic-type assignment combination applicable only to a very small number of concepts in a SNOMED CT hierarchy is an indicator of potential problems.Results: The methodology was applied to the UMLS 2013AA release along with the SNOMED CT from January 2013. An overall error rate of 33% was found for concepts proposed by the quality-assurance methodology. Supporting our hypothesis, that number was four times higher than the error rate found in control samples.Conclusion: The results show that the quality-assurance methodology can aid in effective and efficient identification of UMLS semantic-type assignment errors.

scholarly journals Subjunctive in Russian relative clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Dobrushina
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Relative Clauses ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
National Corpus

The paper aims at determining the factors that trigger the choice of subjunctive in relative clauses, where it freely alternates with indicative forms. The factors are established on a basis of frequency of occurrence in Russian National Corpus (www.ruscorpora.ru) and include the referential status of the noun heading the relative clause, the polarity, semantic type and epistemic status of the main predicate and the affirmative vs. interrogative status of the whole sentence.

Russian explanatory sentence as a semantic type

2021 ◽  
pp. 272-286
Author(s):  
Tatiana I. Steksova ◽  
◽  
Tatyana V. Shmeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
First Time

The paper interprets the Russian explanatory sentence as a semantic type. It is noted that descriptions of the semantic types of monopropositional sentences have already been carried out in the linguistic literature. For the first time, it is proposed to consider polypropositional semantic structures as a semantic type. The semantic nature of an explanatory sentence is defined as an expression of reflection on the events and phenomena of reality, with the position of the object-event accompanied by an indication of the reflection nature expressed by the governing predicate. General characteristics of this semantic type are given, as well as a number of semantic features serving as the basis for revealing the patterns of compatibility of various types of modus and dictum and the ways of their connection. It is proved that the previously existing qualification of relevance/factuality is based on overestimating the role of the brace and underestimating the predicative expression of deliberative. Several techniques are proposed to distinguish between thematic and factual utterances. Among sentence elements, the concept of the subject is the most significant for the typology of explanatory sentences, proposed to be divided into mono-subject and poly-subject ones. We note the poly-paradigmatic nature of the explanatory sentence and the presence of a number of its transformations used in the texts. The range of explanatory sentences with such an interpretation expands significantly without taking into account the boundaries of simple and complex sentences and some other constructive differences.

Ratio and Proportion: Connecting Content and Children's Thinking

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Lamon
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Proportional Reasoning ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Ratio And Proportion ◽  
Problem Situations ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Children’S Thinking

Twenty-four sixth-grade children participated in clinical interviews on ratio and proportion before they had received any instruction in the domain. A framework involving problems of four semantic types was used to develop the interview questions, and student thinking was analyzed within the semantic types in terms of mathematical components critical to proportional reasoning. Two components, relative thinking and unitizing, were consistently related to higher levels of sophistication in a student's overall problem-solving ability within a semantic type. Part-part-whole problems failed to elicit any proportional reasoning because they could be solved using less sophisticated methods. Stretcher/shrinker problems were the most difficult because students failed to recognize the multiplicative nature of the problem situations. Student thinking was most sophisticated in the case of associated sets when problems were presented in a concrete pictorial mode.

scholarly journals Electronic Medical Record Search Engine (EMERSE): An Information Retrieval Tool for Supporting Cancer Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 454-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hanauer ◽  
Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan ◽  
Mark F. Beno ◽  
Guilherme Del Fiol ◽  
Eric B. Durbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Electronic Medical Record ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Semantic Types

PURPOSE The Electronic Medical Record Search Engine (EMERSE) is a software tool built to aid research spanning cohort discovery, population health, and data abstraction for clinical trials. EMERSE is now live at three academic medical centers, with additional sites currently working on implementation. In this report, we describe how EMERSE has been used to support cancer research based on a variety of metrics. METHODS We identified peer-reviewed publications that used EMERSE through online searches as well as through direct e-mails to users based on audit logs. These logs were also used to summarize use at each of the three sites. Search terms for two of the sites were characterized using the natural language processing tool MetaMap to determine to which semantic types the terms could be mapped. RESULTS We identified a total of 326 peer-reviewed publications that used EMERSE through August 2019, although this is likely an underestimation of the true total based on the use log analysis. Oncology-related research comprised nearly one third (n = 105; 32.2%) of all research output. The use logs showed that EMERSE had been used by multiple people at each site (nearly 3,500 across all three) who had collectively logged into the system > 100,000 times. Many user-entered search queries could not be mapped to a semantic type, but the most common semantic type for terms that did match was “disease or syndrome,” followed by “pharmacologic substance.” CONCLUSION EMERSE has been shown to be a valuable tool for supporting cancer research. It has been successfully deployed at other sites, despite some implementation challenges unique to each deployment environment.

QUANTITATIVE ADJECTIVES IN KULISUSU LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Eca Nurfarsil ◽  
Tambunan Tambunan ◽  
Rohmana Rohmana
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Type ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Interview Instrument ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Straight Lines

This research aimed at investigating  the quantitative adjectives and semantic types of quantitative  adjectives in  Kulisusu language. The scope of this research was quantitative adjectives and semantic types of quantitative adjective meaning color, size, form and taste. The research questions of this study were "what is the form quantitative adjectives in Kulisusu language" and "what is the semantic type of quantitative adjectives in Kulisusu language. This research used qualitative descriptive by applying some techniques of collecting data such as :  (1) translation, (2) introspection (3) elicitation and interview.  Instrument of Indonesian word of adjective. After  the data being collected, the data were analyzed by using   the following steps : (1) identify the form of adjectives, (2) determine the form of adjectives,  and (3) determine the meaning of adjectives.The  result of the research  showed that Kulisusu language had  six kinds of quantitative adjective gathered  in this research namely  ompole, sade’ete, samentonga, malingumo and  o’opa.  And there are seven kinds of semantic types of quantitative adjectives meaning color  namely , mea, kuni, bula, yijo, kangura, and wungu. Furthermore  adjective meaning in term could be seen  of lines that make it consist of shapes that have straight lines, shapes that have curved lines, and shapes that have mixed lines, namely straight lines and curved lines. After that adjective meaning the size in detail  twelve types of subordinates namely (1.) distance size, (2,)  long size, (3.)  high, size (4.)   broad size, (5.)  depth size, (6)  thickness size, (7.)  content size (8.) amount size, (9.) time size, (10.) heavy size, (11) big size, and (12.) age size. The last adjective meaning of  taste includes  (1.) a state  that symbolizes the ambiences of the mind (2.) a taste that symbolizes of  the mood, and (3.) a taste that symbolizes the senses.

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