scholarly journals Rank Office Records from the RASL Manuscript 16.17.34 as a Source on the History of the Kazan Campaign of 1552

Slovene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-428
Author(s):  
Artem Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
The One

The Kazan campaign of 1552 became the one of the most important events of Ivan the Terrible’s foreign policy and has repeatedly attracted the attention of the researchers. The historical tradition of study of this campaign counts more than two hundred years. During that time, a lot of sources about the preparations and the course of the hostilities were introduced into scientific use. There are Russian chronicles, publicistic treatises and novels, documental compilations etc. The majority of these sources has been published. Therefore, a great value lies in the identification and publication of new sources on the history of the Kazan campaign, which would make it possible to clarify the events of 1552. One such source consists of the records of the Razryadny prikaz (Rank office), contained in the RASL manuscript 16.17.34, which have many original details about the Kazan campaign. This text is not just a collection of disparate extracts from documents of the 16th century. The RASL manuscript 16.17.34 presents a coherent and consistent presentation of events related to the capture of Kazan. The article attempts to assess the potential of this monument as a historical source. At the final part of the article we publish the text of the manuscript.

scholarly journals ACCESSION OF KAZAN KHANATE TO RUSSIA IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS OF THE MIDDLE 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Petukhov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

The article analyzes the views of American historians of the middle 20th century on the problem of accession of Kazan Khanate to Russia. Studies on the history of Russian foreign policy have become relevant in the West with the beginning of the «cold war», the purpose of these studies was the need to identify the historical origins of «expansionist» foreign policy of the USSR and Russia. Searching the roots of “Russian expansionism”, Western science of the middle 20th century came to the conclusion about the non-European character of the Russian statehood, about Byzantine and Mongolian origins of the Russian state ideology, which substantiated its claim to world domination. Harvard University historians specializing in the history of Russia and the countries of Eastern Europe, in their works developed the concept of dual nature of the Russian state foreign policy ideology in the middle 16th century. On the one hand, this ideology was based on the Mongolian political tradition inherited from the Golden Horde. On the other hand, Russian ideology was influenced by the Byzantine political tradition. In the works of E. Keenan and Ya. Pelenski’s accession of Kazan Khanate to Russia was presented as the first embodiment in practice of Moscow rulers’ claims to dominate in the political space of Eastern Europe. At the same time, Kazan’s accession was a powerful impetus for the formation of the Russian state ideology, which was based on historical, dynastic, national and religious justifications for the claims to Kazan Khanate. Raised in the works of American historians, questions about Russian political culture and ideology of the 16th century, their reflection in the sources and interpretation of ideas by modern researchers maintain their scientific relevance today.

Borat, Multiculturalism,Mnogonatsional'nost

Slavic Review ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Jewish American ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Slavoj Zizek ◽  
Slavoj Žižek ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In this article, Sacha Baron Cohen'sBoratappears as just the latest in a decades- long exchange between American and Soviet models of minority uplift: on the one side, civil rights and multiculturalism; on the other,druzhba narodov(the friendship of peoples) andmnogonatsional'nost’(multi-national- ness). Steven S. Lee argues diat, with Borat, multiculturalism seems to have emerged as the victor in this exchange, but that the film also hearkens to a not-too-distant Soviet alternative. Part 1 shows how Borat gels with recent leftist critiques of multiculturalism, spearheaded by Slovenian philosopher Slavoj żižek. Part 2 relates Borat to a largely submerged history of American minorities drawing hope from mnogonatsional'nost', as celebrated in Grigorii Aleksandrov's 1936 filmCircus.The final part presents Borat as choosing neither multiculturalism nor mnogonatsional'nost', but rather the continued opposition of the two, if not a “third way.” For a glimpse of what this might look like, the paper concludes with a discussion ofAbsurdistan(2006) by Soviet Jewish American novelist Gary Shteyngart.

scholarly journals On the History of Ante(s): Exaptation of Adverbial –s?

Languages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dorien Nieuwenhuijsen
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In this paper we will describe the historical development of the Spanish doublet ante-antes (‘before’) and explore the question whether a process of exaptation is involved (cf. Lass 1990). We will argue that the final –s of antes, that originally marked the adverbial status of the word, in the course of time had become a kind of morphological ‘junk’ (cf. Lass 1990) and, subsequently, could be exploited in order to encode the semantic opposition between temporal meaning on the one hand, and adversative meaning on the other hand. However, based on quantitative data we will show that the incipient semantic redistribution over the course of the 16th century rather suddenly collapsed, leading to a differentiation between the prepositional ante and adverbial antes.

scholarly journals ALBRECHT VON BRANDENBURG´S SPEECH AT THE CORONATION OF SIGISMUND II AUGUST AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE BALTIC IN THE XVI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (06) ◽  
pp. 07-16
Author(s):  
D.A. Bessudnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Influence ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Models ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic

The struggle for control over trade routes in the Baltic Sea, which began in the 16th century, has left a controversial mark in the history of the Baltic states. On the one hand, it launched the processes of the formation of new state models, and on the other hand, it led to an internal crisis and the decline of some Baltic states, one of which was the Old Livonia. This article presents a previously unpublished document reflecting an important stage in the actualization of the system of ties between the figure of the Polish-Lithuanian monarch and the archbishops of Riga. This political and legal concept was used by Sigismund II Augustus to expand political influence and substantiate the legitimacy of his actions in Livonia on the eve and at the initial stage of the Livonian War. The prerogative of patronage of the Jagiellons connected to the medieval tradition and had a seignorial-paternalistic basis, subsequently playing the role of a legal basis for the final registration of citizenship relations. The document can be used to reconstruct the features of political consciousness characteristic of the legal field in the 16th century, as well as to expand ideas about the dynamics of the development of state and legal systems in the earlier modern era.

scholarly journals GERMANY’S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND EURO-ATLANTIC ASPIRATIONS OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
V. Krushinsky ◽  
B. Pryimak
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
German Foreign Policy ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Foreign Policy Strategies ◽  
The Eu

Despite the long history of relations Ukraine had a sidetrack in the German Eastern European politics. Ukrainian-German relations were in the shadow of German-Russian. This led to inconsistencies in the development of the German strategy for Ukraine and its European and Euro-Atlantic aspirations. Another cause is a dualism of German foreign policy – as a nation-state on the one hand and on the other – as the informal leader of the EU, the most influential country in the union, whose foreign policy to some extent affects Europe overall. As the informal leader of the EU, Germany wants to strengthen the organization, including by means of the expansion and attraction of the new member-states. At the same time, Germany cannot let the entry of economically weak and politically unstable states that will dilute the strength of the organization. This opinion is shared by the German foreign policy, since the increased number of weak economies in the EU will increase the burden on the economy of Germany. On the one hand this will prorogue considerably Ukraine’s entry to the EU and NATO, but at the same time the situation may change for the better in the event that positive changes take place in Ukraine. The breakdown of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries is characterized by significant changes in the format of relations between countries, including the Eastern region, in particular the relations between Ukraine and Germany changed significantly. There is an abandonment of the fixed spheres of influence concept and political supremacy of some states over others. Germany and many of countries in the region are united in the European Union and NATO. There are new mighty centers of power, especially Poland, which is trying to play an independent role. This dictates the need for Germany to take into account the position of the Polish foreign policy strategies under development in the region.

The foundation and development of International Relations in Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Carlos R. S. Milani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Modern Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Power Studies ◽  
Social Science Field ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article aims to contribute to the critical understanding of how International Relations (IR) was built as a social science field within Brazil's modern project. I argue that the foundation and the development of IR in Brazil in the twentieth century is closely associated with foreign policy, on the one hand, and with the national geopolitical thinking, particularly in the aftermath of the Second World War, on the other. In its trajectory, Brazil's IR has been influenced, among others, by the analysis of domestic and systemic determinants of foreign policy, historical interpretations, the study of the components of state power, studies of diplomacy and its contribution to the country's development, the analysis of decision-making processes and to a lesser extent, cognitive approaches. This article is organised around three sections. First, I present a brief history of the geopolitical tradition in Brazil's IR. Second, I discuss IR development in Brazil, stressing the role of diplomats, the key contribution of intellectuals coming from social and human sciences, and finally the emergence of the first generations of IR scholars in the eighties. Third, I analyse the institutionalisation of the field, its quantitative and qualitative growth, presenting some data on its organisation in recent times.

scholarly journals The Netherlands (Dutch Revolt/ Dutch Republic)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk van Nierop
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Charles V ◽  
Dutch Revolt ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

By the middle of the 16th century the Netherlands consisted of some twenty principalities and lordships, loosely connected under the rule of Emperor Charles V. The heir of the dukes of Burgundy, Charles ruled these lands as his own patrimony. They roughly covered the area of the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, as well as a strip of northern France. During the rule of Philip II, king of Spain (r. 1555–1598), Charles’s son and successor, a revolt broke out. From c. 1580 onward Philip succeeded in bringing the southern provinces of the Netherlands (roughly modern-day Belgium) back to obedience, while the northern provinces (roughly the area covered by today’s Netherlands) retained their independence. The northern provinces came to be known as the “United Netherlands” or the “Dutch Republic,” the southern ones as the “Spanish Netherlands.” What had begun as a rebellion turned into regular warfare between the Dutch Republic, on the one side, and Spain and the Spanish Netherlands, on the other. The so-called Twelve Year Truce interrupted the fighting between 1609 and 1621. It was not until 1648 that the belligerents finally concluded peace. After 1585 (the capture of Antwerp by the Spanish army), the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands gradually drifted apart as they became two separate states, and, even more slowly, they developed their own national cultures and identities. The consequence for historiography is that the history of the Netherlands until the end of the 16th century is best studied as a whole, while the histories of the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands during the 17th century are usually studied separately.

scholarly journals Reformation, Mikael Agricola, and the Birth of the Finnish Literary Language

Nordlit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisa Häkkinen ◽  
Kirsi Salonen ◽  
Tanja Toropainen
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Source Material ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

This article revisits the traditional history of the birth of the Finnish literary language in the aftermath of the Lutheran Reformation in the first half of the 16th century. Contrary to what earlier scholars have assumed, the article argues that the creation of the Finnish literary language cannot be attributed exclusively to the Bishop of Turku, Mikael Agricola, who is known as “the father of the Finnish literary language” because he published the first printed books in Finnish. The article will show that although the first Finnish publications were printed in the name of the Bishop of Turku, they were based on the translations of more authors. The article will also propose answers to the question, who these until now unknown authors could have been. The article is based on the study of relevant contemporary historical source material and close linguistic analysis of the early translations of ecclesiastical texts into Finnish.

Lysimachus, the Getae, and archaeology

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Delev
Keyword(s):  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Political Biography ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
The One

Among the principal successors to Alexander the Great, Lysimachus is probably the one that has suffered most by neglect in the scanty literary sources at our disposal. His wars with the Getae and their king Dromichaetes are among the few events in his long career which have received more than a casual notice in the historical tradition; no wonder that they have been examined repeatedly both in the context of Lysimachus' political biography and of the history of the region and its Thracian population, the Getae. However, many aspects of the circumstances remain obscure and dubious, and their discussion has more than once ended with the expression of hope that one day new archaeological finds might permit the solution of some of the associated riddles. The recent archaeological discoveries near Sveshtari in north-eastern Bulgaria seem now to warrant a re-examination of these problems.

The Slave-Trader as Historian: Robert Norris and the History of Dahomey

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Law
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
African State ◽  
West African ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
The West ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
West African State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Own Name

The Memoirs of the Reign of Bossa Ahadee, King of Dahomy of Robert Norris, first published in 1789, is a history of the west African kingdom of Dahomey during the reign of Tegbesu (“Bossa”), dated by Norris to 1732-1774 (though the correct dates are now known to be 1740-1774). In addition to its separate publication in 1789, Norris' material was also included, in a revised form, in the more comprehensive History of Dahomy compiled by Archibald Dalzel, published in 1793. This second version incorporates numerous detailed alterations and elaborations, mainly stylistic but occasionally relating to matters of substance; according to the Editor of Dalzel's History, these revisions were the work of Norris himself, although he had died before the work was brought to publication. This incorporation of Norris' work into that of Dalzel has had the effect of diminishing his reputation and perceived importance, since his material has usually been cited through (and by implication attributed to) Dalzel, rather than directly under his own name. His Memoirs, however, clearly have immense historiographical significance, as the first serious attempt by a European to write the history of a west African state.In addition to its purely historiographical interest, Norris' work remains an important source for the history of eighteenth-century Dahomey. Its value as a historical source, however, is problematical. On the one hand, Norris, as a slave trader who had operated in Dahomey for several years, had claims to be an exceptionally well-informed observer of Dahomian affairs.

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