scholarly journals Association between network characteristics and bicycle ridership across a large metropolitan region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Beck ◽  
Christopher Pettit ◽  
Meghan Winters ◽  
Trisalyn Nelson ◽  
Hai Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Models ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Bayesian Spatial Models ◽  
Network Metrics

Background: Numerous studies have explored associations between bicycle network characteristics and bicycle ridership. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in inner metropolitan regions and as such, there is limited knowledge on how various characteristics of bicycle networks relate to bicycle trips within and across entire metropolitan regions, and how the size and composition of study regions impact on the association between bicycle network characteristics and bicycle ridership.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of household travel survey data and bicycle infrastructure in the Greater Melbourne region, Australia. Seven network metrics were calculated and Bayesian spatial models were used to explore the association between these network characteristics and bicycle ridership (measured as counts of the number of trips, and the proportion of all trips that were made by bike). Results: We demonstrated that bicycle ridership was associated with several network characteristics, and that these characteristics varied according to the outcome (count of the number of trips made by bike or the proportion of trips made by bike) and the size and characteristics of the study region.Conclusions: These findings challenge the utility of approaches based on spatially modelling network characteristics and bicycle ridership when informing the monitoring and evaluation of bicycle networks. There is a need to progress the science of measuring safe and connected bicycle networks for people of all ages and abilities.

Impacts of Telecommuting on Nonmandatory Activity Participation: Role of Endogeneity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2666 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Asgari ◽  
Xia Jin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
P Value ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
Household Travel

Telecommuting has been regarded as an alternative work arrangement that provides higher levels of resilience and flexibility for the workforce. To provide a robust estimation of telecommuting activity, it is important to understand the extent of telecommuting and the underlying factors that contribute to telecommuters’ decisions. One line of discussion in behavioral decisions (including telecommuting) is the endogeneity issue, also referred to as simultaneity in cause and effect. The question is whether certain activity travel behaviors are the causes of telecommuting adoption or telecommuters are manifesting such behaviors because they telecommute. For instance, are people traveling more or farther because of the higher spatial–temporal freedom brought by telecommuting, or are they choosing to or having to telecommute because they already have those activity arrangements (e.g., take care of kids) in place. Exploring such interrelationships between the choice to telecommute, activity travel plans, and other personal and household decisions is the major motivation for this research. Structural equation models were developed. Results showed that adding feedback effects to the full model improved the goodness of fit of the model, and this improvement is statistically significant ( P-value = .032). Furthermore, it could be inferred that a decision to participate in nonmandatory activities has significant positive impact on propensity to telecommute, and it is more in favor of a full-day telecommuting arrangement (versus a part-day arrangement). This study used the 2010–2011 regional household travel survey data from the New York metropolitan region.

Testing Spatial Transferability of Activity-Based Travel Forecasting Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 2669 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Bowman ◽  
Mark Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Travel Survey ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Household Travel

This paper reports results from the second phase of a two-phase FHWA-sponsored project to test and demonstrate empirically the transferability of activity-based model (ABM) systems between regions. With data obtained from the 2008–2009 National Household Travel Survey, researchers estimated ABMs simultaneously for 13 metropolitan regions in seven U.S. states. Statistical tests were used to test transferability, including tests of regional differences in the model coefficients, likelihood ratio tests of model equivalence, and transferability indexes, which measure the degree of model differences. In addition, differences in prediction sensitivity between locally estimated and transferred models were tested. The project overall found evidence in favor of transferability. It also found that parameters associated with land use, logsum accessibilities, and travel time and cost caused the biggest problems with transferability. Finally, the study found that transferring within a state or between regions with similar urban density improves transferability. This paper presents the data, models, and testing methods used in the project and includes details of all tests and results related to the improved transferability associated with model transfers from regions within the same state or with similar urban density. The conclusion of the study was that agencies considering transfer of an ABM from another region would do well to find a region within the same state or with similar urban density that has a model that is well supported by a large household travel survey data set.

Exploring Subbordia – the impact of suburbanisation in cross-border metropolitan regions. The case study of Szczecin and its German hinterland

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Barthel ◽  
Ewelina Barthel
Keyword(s):  
Border Region ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Planning Support ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Connected Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Local Narratives

Abstract This paper focuses on the largely unexamined phenomenon of the developing trans-national suburban area west of Szczecin. Sadly the local communities in this functionally connected area struggle with national planning policies that are unsuitable for the region. The paper examines the impact of those processes on the border region in general and on the localities in particular. The paper investigates the consequences for local narratives and the cohesive development of the Euroregion and what position Polish and German communities took to develop the region, even without the necessary planning support. The region has succeeded in establishing grass-roots planning mechanisms which have helped to create a metropolitan-region working from the bottom up.

Accessibility and Intraurban Travel

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hanson ◽  
M Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
Trip Frequency ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Automobile Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Travel Distances

This paper contains an examination of the fundamental assumption underlying the use of accessibility indicators: that an individual's travel behavior is related to his or her location vis-à-vis the distribution of potential activity sites. First, the conceptual and measurement issues surrounding accessibility and its relationship to travel are reviewed; then, an access measure for individuals is formulated. Using data from the Uppsala (Sweden) Household Travel Survey and controlling for sex, automobile availability, and employment status, the authors explore the relationship between both home- and work-based accessibility and five aspects of an individual's travel: mode use, trip frequencies and travel distances for discretionary purposes, trip complexity, travel in conjunction with the journey to work, and size of the activity space. From the results it can be seen that although all of these travel characteristics are related to accessibility to some degree, the travel–accessibility relationship is not as strong as deductive formulations have implied. High accessibility levels are associated with higher proportions of travel by nonmotorized means, lower levels of automobile use, reduced travel distances for certain discretionary trip purposes, and smaller individual activity spaces. Furthermore, the density of activity sites around the workplace affects the distances travelled by employed people for discretionary purposes. Overall, accessibility level has a greater impact on mode use and travel distance than it does on discretionary trip frequency. This result was unexpected in light of the strong trip frequency–accessibility relationship posited frequently in the literature.

scholarly journals Knowledge Hubs in the German Urban System: Identifying Hubs by Combining Network and Territorial Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Growe ◽  
Hans H. Blotevogel
Keyword(s):  
Urban System ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Producer Service ◽  
Advanced Producer Service

Abstract This paper identifies hubs of knowledge-based labour in the German urban system from two perspectives: the importance of a metropolitan region as a place and the importance of a metropolitan region as an organisational node. This combination of a network perspective with a territorial perspective enables the identification of hubs. From the functional perspective, hubs are understood as important nodes of national and global networks, established by flows of people, goods, capital and information as well as by organisational and power relations. From the territorial perspective, hubs are understood as spatial clusters of organisations (firms, public authorities, non-governmental organisations). The functional focus of the paper lies on knowledge-based services. Based on data about employment and multi-branch advanced producer service firms, four main types of metropolitan regions are identified: growing knowledge hubs, stagnating knowledge hubs, stagnating knowledge regions and catch-up knowledge regions. The results show an affinity between knowledge-based work and bigger metropolitan regions as well as an east-west divide in the German urban system.

Estimating Household Travel Energy Consumption in Conjunction with a Travel Demand Forecasting Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2668 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venu M. Garikapati ◽  
Daehyun You ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
Subhrajit Guhathakurta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Energy Footprint ◽  
Household Travel

This paper presents a methodology for the calculation of the consumption of household travel energy at the level of the traffic analysis zone (TAZ) in conjunction with information that is readily available from a standard four-step travel demand model system. This methodology embeds two algorithms. The first provides a means of allocating non-home-based trips to residential zones that are the source of such trips, whereas the second provides a mechanism for incorporating the effects of household vehicle fleet composition on fuel consumption. The methodology is applied to the greater Atlanta, Georgia, metropolitan region in the United States and is found to offer a robust mechanism for calculating the footprint of household travel energy at the level of the individual TAZ; this mechanism makes possible the study of variations in the energy footprint across space. The travel energy footprint is strongly correlated with the density of the built environment, although socioeconomic differences across TAZs also likely contribute to differences in travel energy footprints. The TAZ-level calculator of the footprint of household travel energy can be used to analyze alternative futures and relate differences in the energy footprint to differences in a number of contributing factors and thus enables the design of urban form, formulation of policy interventions, and implementation of awareness campaigns that may produce more-sustainable patterns of energy consumption.

Does Investing in Rail Transit Benefit the Poor? A Comparative Study of Rail and Bus Travel by Low-Income Households in the California Household Travel Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Ryland Lu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Travel Survey ◽  
Household Travel Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Household Travel ◽  
Low Income Households

This paper addresses academic discourse that critiques urban rail transit projects for their regressive impacts on the poor and proposes bus funding as a more equitable investment for urban transit agencies. The author analyzed data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey on transit trips in Los Angeles County. The author cross-tabulated data on the modal breakdown of transit trips by household income category and on the breakdown of household income associated with trips by bus and rail transit modes. The author also comparatively evaluated the speed of trips (as a ratio of miles per hour) taken by rail and by bus by low-income households in the county. The author found convincing evidence that, on average, trips low-income households made by rail transit covered a greater distance per hour than trips taken by bus transit, but that trips made on the county’s bus rapid transit services with dedicated rights-of-way had a higher mean speed than those taken by rail. Moreover, the mode and income cross-tabulations indicate that rail transit projects only partially serve low-income households’ travel needs. To the extent that equitable transit planning entails minimizing the disparities in access, both rail and bus rapid transit projects can advance social justice if they are targeted at corridors where they can serve travel demand by low-income, transit dependent households.

Modelling urban growth incorporating spatial interactions between the cities: The example of the Tehran metropolitan region

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1064
Author(s):  
Sanaz Alaei Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Karimi ◽  
Kyoumars Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Growth Modelling ◽  
Spatial Interactions ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Central Business Districts ◽  
History Of

Interactions between cities play a significant role in the development of metropolitan regions. Although these interactions and their role in the urban growth modelling have already been investigated, there is still room for more studies. In this research, in addition to conventional urban growth factors, spatial interactions between the cities (SIBC) are incorporated into urban growth modelling. This causes directional trends in urban growth (DTUG). Therefore, first the DTUG of each city was measured using a developed indicator based on the history of urban growth that was extracted from satellite images and spatial statistics. The SIBC was then estimated by integrating the DTUG of the cities. Finally, the SIBC and other driving forces, including the physical suitability, accessibility and neighbourhood effects, were integrated using a cellular automata-based model. The accuracy of the model in the Tehran metropolitan region was increased by 6.44% after considering the SIBC. The analysis of the DTUG and SIBC in the Tehran metropolitan region during 1991–2000–2007–2014 revealed specific patterns as the spatial interactions intensified over time and usually peaked in the periphery of the central business districts and intense interactions existed between the metropolises and other major cities. These findings could help urban managers with strategic decision-making in the metropolitan regions and adjust the science and practice relation in this field.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF URBAN LIFE: IDENTIFICATION OF LIVABLE URBAN SPACES WITHIN MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
N. Gawai ◽  
A. Phadke
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The quality of urban life has become one of the most pertinent issues in contemporary times in India. There have been several reports published by government and nongovernmental agencies listing out various dimensions of quality of urban life but in a half-hearted manner as some reports have focused just upon the quality of urban air or some governmental reports talk about Human Development Index. There has hardly been any holistic effort to scale the quality of urban life in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental and psychological well-being. Unless all these parameters are combined, one cannot furnish the livability index of micro urban spaces within major metropolitan regions. The calculation of livability index thus needs to take into account environmental, socio-economic and mental dimensions. The environment related data has been achieved by extracting NDVI through LANDSAT satellite imagery for the month of May, 2018. NDVI has been used for calculating green spaces index. The data related to socio-economic parameters have been collected through primary and secondary sources of data. The data related to psychological health is gathered through questionnaire survey and personal interviews. Ranking based index calculation has been applied to arrive at a common livability index of select sub spaces in Mumbai Metropolitan Region. The outcomes are very interesting and helpful in comparative analysis of select sub-spaces vis-à-vis quality of life. It has also helped in the identification of stressed sub-regional or micro spaces. Such livability index will be highly useful in regional and urban planning. The research aims at calculating livability index for select sub-regional spaces in Mumbai Metropolitan Region.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document