Night-to-Night Associations Between Light Exposure and Sleep Health

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to light preceding and during sleep is associated with poor sleep, but most research to date has utilized either experimental or cross-sectional designs. The current study expands upon prior studies by using a microlongitudinal design that examines the night-to-night associations between light and sleep health in a diverse sample of adults (pre-registered at osf.io/k5zgv). U.S. adults aged 18 to 87 from two parent studies (N= 124) wore an actiwatch for up to 10 nights. Light variables estimated from actigraphy include both average exposure and time above light threshold of 10 (TALT10) and 40 (TALT40) lux both during sleep and for the 1-hour preceding sleep. Actigraphy-based sleep variables included sleep offset, duration, percentage, and fragmentation index. Higher average light exposure during sleep was associated with a later sleep offset time, lower sleep percentage, and higher fragmentation index (all p <.01). More minutes of TALT10 during sleep was associated with later sleep timing, lower sleep percentage, and higher fragmentation index (all p < .01) and greater TALT40 during sleep was associated with lower sleep percentage. Light exposure was not related to sleep duration. In summary, greater light exposure during sleep was related to poorer sleep continuity and later wake time. The lack of association between light and sleep duration may be the result of compensating for sleep disruption by delaying wake time. Multi-level interventions to consistently reduce light levels during sleep should be considered.

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Association of physical activity with sleep health: A systematic review

Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde ◽

10.12820/rbafs.23e0057 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Andrea Wendt ◽

Thaynã Ramos Flores ◽

Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam Silva ◽

Fernando César Wehrmeister

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Activity Measurement ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Cross Sectional

The aim of this study was to systematically examine the literature on physical activity and sleep in non-clinical and population-based settings. The inclusion criteria were original studies testing the association between physical activity (as exposure) and sleep (as outcome) in representative samples of the general population, workers, or undergraduate students. Sleep health included sleep duration, sleep quality and insomnia. Studies evaluating samples including only individuals with some disease or a health condition were excluded. A search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, CINAHL, and SPORTdiscus databases in March 2018. Data extraction was performed using the following items: year, author, country, population, age group, sample size, study design, sleep measurement/definition, physical activity measurement/definition, adjustment and main results. A total of 57 studies were selected, which markedly used heterogeneous instruments to measure physical activity and sleep. The majority were conducted in high-income countries and with cross-sectional design. Physical activity was associated with lower odds of insomnia (observed in 10 of 17 studies), poor sleep quality (observed in 12 of 19 studies) and long sleep duration (observed in 7 of 11 studies). The results about short sleep or continuous sleep duration remain unclear. Physical activity seems to be associated with sleep quality and insomnia, especially among adult and elderly populations in which these outcomes are more usually measured. The short- and long-term effects of physical activity intensities and dose-response on sleep should be better evaluated.

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Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Gina Marie Mathew ◽

David A. Reichenberger ◽

Lindsay Master ◽

Orfeu M. Buxton ◽

Anne-Marie Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Caffeine Consumption ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Beverage Consumption ◽

Wake Time ◽

Regularity Index ◽

Social Jetlag

Caffeine consumption has been linked to poor sleep health in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 589). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week. Daily surveys assessed subjective sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0 = no caffeine, 1 = any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n = 458). Adolescents with more variable sleep duration and midpoint had higher average odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. After adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset that night and wake time the next morning than usual versus when they did not consume caffeine. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents.

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534 Food Insecurity and Sleep Health by Race/Ethnicity and Age Group in the United States

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A211-A211

Author(s):

Nyree Riley ◽

Dana Alhasan ◽

W Braxton Jackson ◽

Chandra Jackson

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

The United States ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

High Food ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction Food insecurity may influence sleep through poor mental health (e.g., depression) and immune system suppression. Although prior studies have found food insecurity to be associated with poor sleep, few studies have investigated the food security-sleep association among racially/ethnically diverse participants and with multiple sleep dimensions. Methods Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age-, sex/gender-, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between food insecurity and sleep health. Food security was categorized as very low, low, marginal, and high. Sleep duration was categorized as very short (<6 hours), short (<7 hours), recommended (7–9 hours), and long (≥9 hours). Sleep disturbances included trouble falling and staying asleep, insomnia symptoms, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for sleep dimensions by very low, low, and marginal vs. high food security. Results The 177,435 participants’ mean age was 47.2±0.1 years, 52.0% were women, 68.4% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Among individuals reporting very low food security, 75.4% had an annual income of <$35,000 and 60.3% were ≥50 years old. After adjustment, very low vs. high food security was associated with a higher prevalence of very short (PR=2.61 [95%CI: 2.44–2.80]) and short (PR=1.66 [95% CI: 1.60–1.72]) sleep duration. Very low vs. high food security was associated with both trouble falling asleep (PR=2.21 [95% CI: 2.12–2.30]) and trouble staying asleep (PR=1.98 [95% CI: 1.91–2.06]). Very low vs. high food security was associated with higher prevalence of very short sleep duration among Asians (PR=3.64 [95% CI: 2.67–4.97]), Whites (PR=2.73 [95% CI: 2.50–2.99]), Blacks (PR=2.03 [95% CI: 1.80–2.31]), and Hispanic/Latinxs (PR=2.65 [95% CI: 2.30–3.07]). Conclusion Food insecurity was associated with poor sleep in a diverse sample of the US population. Support (if any):

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Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality as Predictors of Health in Elderly Individuals

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10113918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3918 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lovro Štefan ◽

Vlatko Vučetić ◽

Goran Vrgoč ◽

Goran Sporiš

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Study Participants

The main purpose of the present study was to explore the associations of sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 894 elderly individuals. Self-rated health, sleep duration, and sleep quality were self-reported. The associations were examined using multiple logistic regression analyses.After adjusting for sex, physical activity, smoking consumption, alcohol consumption, psychological distress, socioeconomic status, and chronic disease/s, sleeping <6 h (OR (Odds ratio) = 3.21; 95% CI (95 percent confident interval) 1.61 to 6.39), 6–7 h (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.40 to 4.36), 8–9 h (OR = 3.26; 95% CI 1.82 to 5.83), and >9 h (OR = 3.62; 95% CI 1.57 to 8.34) and having ‘poor’ sleep quality (≥5 points; OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.46 to 3.73) were associated with ‘poor’ self-rated health. When sleep duration and sleep quality were entered simultaneously into the model, the same associations remained. Our findings provide evidence that both ‘short’ and ‘long’ sleep and ‘poor’ sleep quality are associated with ‘poor’ self-rated health. Thus, interventions that promote healthy sleep hygiene in the elderly are warranted.

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190 Changing national trends in sleep and related features among Korean adults between 2009 and 2018

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A76-A77

Author(s):

Jee-Eun Yoon ◽

Daeyoung Kim ◽

Kwang Ik Yang ◽

Min Kyung Chu ◽

Chang-Ho Yun

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Adult Population ◽

Population Level ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

Study Phase ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Korean Adults

Abstract Introduction Sleep patterns have been linked to various heath disease. Evaluating population-level trend of sleep could provide a comprehensive population health-forecasting model that has the potential to inform targeted interventions. Therefore, we aimed to examine the cross-sectional differences in sleep characteristics among Korean adults during a 9-year period of 2009-2018. Methods The data in this study were derived from two nationwide survey regarding sleep and headache in the representative sample of Korean adult population, namely the Korean Sleep Headache Study phase I (2009) and II (2018). The survey was conducted through door-to-door visit and face-to-face interview by using structured questionnaires. Total of 2,836 participants from Phase I (47.9±16.4 years old; female, 50.2%) and 2,501 participants (47.9±16.4 years old; female, 50.3%) from Phase II gave informed consents and completed the survey. For this study, we excluded those who worked as shift workers and missing data. From the MCTQ, we collected participants’ sleep schedule during workdays and free days over the past four weeks. Average sleep duration was a weighted mean of sleep duration on workdays and free days. Poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI >5. Excessive daytime sleepiness and Depression are performed with ESS and PHQ-9, respectively. Results During the 9 years, average sleep duration decreased by 21 minutes, especially more reduction on free days (workday: 7:17±1:58 vs. 7:06±1:06, p <0.001; free days 8:04±2:32 vs. 7:49±1:23, p <0.001). People go to sleep and wake up earlier on workday (workday 23:39±1:50 vs. 23:25±1:30, p <0.001; free days 23:51±2:11 vs. 23:25±2:11, p <0.001), whereas they go to bed earlier and wake up later on free days compared to past (workday 6:52±1:36 vs. 6:37±1:11, p <0.001; 7:42±2:04 vs. 7:49±1:42 p =0.023). Social jetlag was increased by 5 minutes (0:46±1:35 vs. 0:51±0:52, p =0.028). There was the difference of age on the habitual sleep-wake rhythm and sleep related symptoms. Also, short or long sleep duration was associated with a significant increase in each health outcomes. Conclusion Decreased sleep duration seems to be on the rise in the general adult population, which lead to a poor health status. Interventions to promote adequate sleep is urgently needed. Support (if any):

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An automatic estimation of the rest-interval for MotionWatch8© using uniaxial movement and lux data

Sleep Science and Practice ◽

10.1186/s41606-020-00051-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Backhouse ◽

Ryan Stanley Falck ◽

Teresa Liu-Ambrose

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Self Report ◽

Time Interval ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Rest Interval ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Field Methods

Abstract Background Poor sleep is linked with chronic conditions common in older adults, including diabetes, heart disease, and dementia. Valid and reliable field methods to objectively measure sleep are thus greatly needed to examine how poor sleep impacts older adults. Wrist-worn actigraphy (WWA) is a common objective measure of sleep that uses motion and illuminance data to estimate sleep. The rest-interval marks the time interval between when an individual attempts to sleep and the time they get out of bed to start their day. Traditionally, the rest-interval is scored manually by trained technicians, however algorithms currently exist which automatically score WWA data, saving time and providing consistency from user-to-user. However, these algorithms ignore illuminance data and only considered motion in their estimation of the rest-interval. This study therefore examines a novel algorithm that uses illuminance data to supplement the approximation of the rest-interval from motion data. Methods We examined a total of 1086 days of data of 129 participants who wore the MotionWatch8© WWA for ≥14 nights of observation. Resultant sleep measures from three different parameter settings were compared to sleep measures derived following a standard scoring protocol and self-report times. Results The algorithm showed the strongest correlation to the standard protocol (r = 0.92 for sleep duration). There were no significant differences in sleep duration, sleep efficiency and fragmentation index estimates compared to the standard scoring protocol. Conclusion These results suggest that an automated rest-interval scoring method using both light exposure and acceleration data provides comparable accuracy to the standard scoring method.

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1134 Light Exposure At Daytime On Sleep Quality In Stroke Patient During Rehabilitation

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1128 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A432-A432

Author(s):

W Liao ◽

S Lin ◽

N Meng ◽

H Tin ◽

S Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Stroke Patient ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Bright Light ◽

Sleep Efficiency ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Melatonin Concentration ◽

Improve Sleep Quality

Abstract Introduction Lights maintain the day and night rhythm to set patients’ “wake-up cycle” and to stabilize their physiological functions, which may be expected to improve sleep. This study was aimed to investigate the relations between sleep quality and daytime light exposure in stroke patient during rehabilitation. Methods A cross-sectional study design was adopted and 120 stroke patients were recruited from rehabilitation wards of two medical centers and 116 patients completed this study. Research instruments including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Sleep Log, and Somnowatch (Germany) for actigaphy sleep and light were used to collect data and urinary melatonin concentration were measured. Results 47.4% of the patients had poor sleep quality (PSQI>5), 74.1% had actigraphic sleep efficiency less than 85%, and 90.5% waked more than 30 minutes after sleep onset. The average exposure time at lower level light (≤149 lux) were 288.8 minutes, accounting for 48% of the day (8:00-18:00). Compared to lower light exposure group (less than 319.5 min at >150 lux), those who exposed to higher level light (more than 319.5 min at >150 lux) had increased 52.1 minutes in actigraphic total sleep time (TST, t=-2.134, p=0.035), increased 8% in actigraphic sleep efficiency (SE, t=-2.053, p=0.042), and decreased 41.1 minutes in actigraphic wake-after-sleep-onset (WASO, t=2.209, p=0.029). Urinary melatonin concentration increased 52.7 pg/ml, but not statistically significant (t=-1.277, p=0.205). Result of multiple regression analysis showed that after controlling for age, gender, post-stroke complications, and environmental interference, time of bright light exposure significantly affected subjective sleep satisfaction (p=0.014), TST (p=0.04), SE (p=0.041), and WASO (p=0.026). Conclusion Increasing time of bright illumination (≥150 lux) during daytime may improve sleep quality. Results of this study provide empirical references for non-drug intervention to improve sleep quality in patients with stroke. Support This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST 105-2628-B-040 -005 -MY2.

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0193 Sleep Health Across Religions: A Consideration of Bidirectional Processes

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.191 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A76-A76

Author(s):

K Fergason ◽

W Rowatt ◽

M K Scullin

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Sleep Health ◽

Causal Direction ◽

Falling Asleep

Abstract Introduction The psychology of religion literature indicates that religious engagement is beneficial to physical and mental health. Such effects might be mediated by sleep health, which causally affects mood, cognitive, and immune functioning. However, few studies have investigated whether religiosity is associated with better sleep, and no studies have considered the reverse causal direction: better sleep may impact religious behaviors or perceptions. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of 1,501 participants in Wave 5 of the Baylor Religion Survey (BRS-5). Completed in Spring 2017, the BRS-5 used Address Based Sample methodology to derive a population-based sample. The survey included questions on religious affiliation, behaviors, and perceptions (e.g., certainty of Heaven). Additionally, participants rated their difficulty falling asleep and their average total sleep time. We investigated whether participants were meeting AASM/SRS consensus guidelines of 7–9 hours/night. Results Religious affiliation was associated with sleep duration, but not in the predicted direction. Atheists/Agnostics (73%) were significantly more likely to report meeting consensus sleep duration guidelines than religiously-affiliated individuals (65%), p<.05. For example, Atheists/Agnostics reported better sleep duration than Catholics (63%, p<.01) and Baptists (55%, p<.001). Atheists/Agnostics also reported less difficulty falling asleep at night than Catholics (p=.02) and Baptists (p<.001). The effects persisted when controlling for age and were particularly evident in members of African American congregations. Perceptions of getting into Heaven were significantly higher in participants who obtained better sleep duration, p<.05, but interestingly, such beliefs/perceptions were unrelated to difficulty falling asleep at night, suggesting that better sleep may lead to these perceptions rather than vice versa. Conclusion In contrast to predictions, religious affiliation was associated with significantly poorer sleep health. Poor sleep health has implications for physical and mental health, and seemingly also religious perceptions/beliefs. Future experimental work is required to disentangle the causal direction of sleep-religiosity associations. Support The Baylor Religion Survey was supported by the John Templeton Foundation.

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Sleep Quality Among Elderly People Within the Outpatient Department of Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Songklanagarind Medical Journal ◽

10.31584/smj.2017.35.3.729 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 195 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Warut Aunjitsakul ◽

Jarurin Pitanupong ◽

Nisan Werachattawan ◽

Kanthee Anantapong

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Department ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Data

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep quality in the elderly within our outpatient department.Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted by; calculating the sample size for a survey with ‘proportion to size’ at the outpatient department of Songklanagarind Hospital from; October to November, 2015. A total of 408 participants aged between 65 and 99 were interviewed. Demographic and sleep-related data were collected. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) – Thai version. The results were analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics and conducted using R-Epicalc and R-Survey software.Results: Our subjects were predominantly married females. The proportion of those in the 65-74 age range was 63.0%.Most of the participants (70.8%) were poor sleepers, with mean and median PSQI scores of 7.7 and 7.0, respectively.Regarding poor sleepers, their problems were; short sleep duration (99.7%), poor sleep efficiency (61.6%) and daytime dysfunction (51.6%).Conclusion: Similarly to previous studies, our findings showed a high prevalence of poor sleep quality in the elderlypopulation. A sleep duration of less than 6 hours was the major problem in the poor sleeper group. Gaining a betterinsight into sleep quality correlating with comorbidities is recommended.

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Association between Sleep Quality and Duration and Periodontal Disease among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17093034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 3034

Author(s):

Md Monirul Islam ◽

Daisuke Ekuni ◽

Naoki Toyama ◽

Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata ◽

Kota Kataoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

University Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Japanese University

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between sleep quality and duration, and periodontal disease among a group of young Japanese university students. First-year students (n = 1934) at Okayama University who voluntarily underwent oral health examinations were included in the analysis. Sleep quality and duration were assessed by the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dentists examined Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth (PPD), and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP). Periodontal disease was defined as presence of PPD ≥ 4 mm and BOP ≥ 30%. Overall, 283 (14.6%) students had periodontal disease. Poor sleep quality was observed among 372 (19.2%) students. Mean (± standard deviation) sleep duration was 7.1 ± 1.1 (hours/night). In the logistic regression analysis, periodontal disease was significantly associated with OHI-S (odds ratio [OR]: 2.30, 95% confident interval [CI]: 1.83–2.90; p < 0.001), but not sleep quality (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.79–1.53; p = 0.577) or sleep duration (OR: 0.98, CI: 0.87–1.10; p = 0.717). In conclusion, sleep quality and duration were not associated with periodontal disease among this group of young Japanese university students.

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