scholarly journals Skeptical appeal: the source-content bias

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turri
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Perceptual Belief ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Radical Skepticism ◽  
Specific Combination ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Content Bias

Radical skepticism is the view that we know nothing, or at least next to nothing. Nearly no one actually believes that skepticism is true. Yet it has remained a serious topic of discussion for millennia and it looms large in popular culture. What explains its persistent and widespread appeal? How does the skeptic get us to doubt what we ordinarily take ourselves to know? I present evidence from two experiments that classic skeptical arguments gain potency from an interaction between two factors. First, people evaluate inferential belief more harshly than perceptual belief. Second, people evaluate inferential belief more harshly when its content is negative (i.e. that something is not the case) than when it’s positive (i.e. that something is the case). It just so happens that potent skeptical arguments tend to focus our attention on negative inferential beliefs, and we are especially prone to doubt that such beliefs count as knowledge. That is, our cognitive evaluations are biased against this specific combination of source and content. The skeptic sows seeds of doubt by exploiting this feature of our psychology.

The Effect of Damage Density Profile on Moving specles in Ion-Induced Reactions

1986 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tao ◽  
C. A. Hewett ◽  
S. S. Lau ◽  
Ch. Buchal ◽  
D. B. Poker
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Damage Distribution ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Atomic Transport ◽  
Implantation Damage ◽  
Metal Semiconductor Metal ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Two Factors

AbstractWe present evidence in this study that the moving species under ion mixing conditions are affected by the implantation damage distribution in the sample. This observation holds for metal-semiconductor, metal-metal and semiconductorsemiconductor systems. The direction of thermal annealing and atomic transport appears to play a role in ion-mixing as well. When these two factors are in the same direction, only one dominant moving species is observed. When these two factors are in opposite directions, both constituents can contribute to the atomic transport in ion mixing.

scholarly journals Imperatives are existential modals: Deriving the strong reading as an Implicature

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Oikonomou
Keyword(s):  
Existential Analysis ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Strong Reading

The variety in the interpretation of Imperatives has received different accounts in the literature (Wilson & Sperber 1988, Han 2000, Schwager 2006/Kaufmann 2012, Portner 2007, Grosz 2009, Condoravdi & Lauer 2012, von Fintel & Iatridou 2015). In this paper, I argue that Imperatives involve an existential modal. I present evidence for the existential analysis of the Imperative operator from scopal ambiguities with \emph{only}. The universal reading is explained on the basis of two factors; i) lack of a scalar counterpart as opposed to overt modals (cf. Deal 2011) ii) strengthening via an Implicature derived in the presence of certain Focus Alternatives (cf. Schwager 2005, 2006, Kaufmann 2012).

scholarly journals PERILAKU DANSOU PADA MEMBER FUDANJUKU NI DANSOU NO SEIKAKU

mezurashii ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmah Anugerah Wati ◽  
Novi Andari
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Abstrak: Budaya bagaikan sebuah keajaiban yang akan terus ada bersama dengan masyarakat. Di Jepang, budaya tradisional dan budaya modern berjalan beriringan. Salah satu fenomena budaya modern atau budaya populer di Jepang adalah Dansou. Dansou adalah istilah untuk perempuan yang mengenakan pakaian serta bertingkah laku seperti laki-laki. Saat ini fenomena tersebut sudah terlihat cukup lumrah di kalangan masyarakat. Apalagi ditambah dengan budaya populer yang terus mengikuti perkembangan jaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambahkan wawasan mengenai dansou yang dilakukan oleh salah satu idol group bernama Fudanjuku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis perubahan perilaku dan faktor yang melatar belakangi Fudanjuku untuk ber-dansou. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dansou yang dilakukan oleh Fudanjuku. Sumber data adalah artikel berita baik tertulis maupun yang berbentuk video. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perubahan perilaku yang dilakukan oleh Fudanjuku merupakan perubahan yang disengaja guna untuk terus berada di dunia hiburan Jepang, dansou yang dilakukan oleh Fudanjuku merupakan terobosan terbaru dalam budaya populer yang ada di Jepang khususnya dalam bidang musik (idol group), dansou yang dilakukan dalam jangka waktu lama akan menimbulkan perubahan perilaku yang sedikit mencolok sehingga menyebabkan sisi maskulin pada perempuan akan bertambah. Kemudian faktor yang melatar belakangi Fudanjuku untuk ber-dansou disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Dimana kedua faktor tersebut dapat dibilang sama rata. Seperti faktor bakat, kepribadian, kebudayaan maupun sosial ekonomi.Kata kunci: budaya populer, psikologi kepribadian, dansou, idol group Abstract: Culture is like a miracle that will continue to exist with the community. In Japan, traditional culture and modern culture go hand in hand. One of the phenomena of modern culture or popular culture in Japan is Dansou. Dansou is a term for women who wear clothes and behave like men. At present this phenomenon is already quite common among the people. Moreover, coupled with popular culture that continues to follow the development of the era. This study aims to add insight into dansou conducted by one idol group named Fudanjuku. The research method used is descriptive qualitative to analyze changes in behavior and factors underlying Fudanjuku for dansou. The data used in this study are dansou conducted by Fudanjuku. Data sources are both written and video news articles. The results of this study are the behavioral changes made by Fudanjuku are intentional changes in order to continue to be in the Japanese entertainment world, dansou made by Fudanjuku is the latest breakthrough in popular culture in Japan, especially in the field of music (idol group), dansou made in the long run will lead to changes in behavior that are a bit striking, causing the masculine side in women will increase. Then the factors behind Fudanjuku's background for dansou are caused by internal and external factors. Where the two factors can be considered equally. Such as talent, personality, culture and socio-economic factors.Keywords: popular culture, personality psychology, dansou, idol group

Slow Down You’re Moving Too Fast

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lang ◽  
Nancy Schwartz ◽  
Sharon Mayell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference

The study reported here compared how younger and older adults processed the same set of media messages which were selected to vary on two factors, arousing content and valence. Results showed that older and younger adults had similar arousal responses but different patterns of attention and memory. Older adults paid more attention to all messages than did younger adults. However, this attention did not translate into greater memory. Older and younger adults had similar levels of memory for slow-paced messages, but younger adults outperformed older adults significantly as pacing increased, and the difference was larger for arousing compared with calm messages. The differences found are in line with predictions made based on the cognitive-aging literature.

Effects of an Anxiety-Specific Psychometric Factor on Fear Conditioning and Fear Generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baumann ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Martin J. Herrmann ◽  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Peter Zwanzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.

A Quick Visual Mind Can be a Slow Auditory Mind

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Martens ◽  
Addie Johnson ◽  
Martje Bolle ◽  
Jelmer Borst
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Conscious Level ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Concurrent Information

The human mind is severely limited in processing concurrent information at a conscious level of awareness. These temporal restrictions are clearly reflected in the attentional blink (AB), a deficit in reporting the second of two targets when it occurs 200–500 ms after the first. However, we recently reported that some individuals do not show a visual AB, and presented psychophysiological evidence that target processing differs between “blinkers” and “nonblinkers”. Here, we present evidence that visual nonblinkers do show an auditory AB, which suggests that a major source of attentional restriction as reflected in the AB is likely to be modality-specific. In Experiment 3, we show that when the difficulty in identifying visual targets is increased, nonblinkers continue to show little or no visual AB, suggesting that the presence of an AB in the auditory but not in the visual modality is not due to a difference in task difficulty.

Influence of death obsession and anxiety on exposure to popular culture media

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance C. Garmon ◽  
Meredith Patterson ◽  
Jennifer M. Shultz ◽  
Michael C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Culture Media
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