scholarly journals Does the Delivery Matter? Examining Randomization at the Item Level

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Michelle Buchanan ◽  
Riley E. Foreman ◽  
Becca Nicole Huber ◽  
Jeffrey Michael Pavlacic ◽  
Rachel N. Swadley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Item Order ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Scale Psychometrics

Scales that are psychometrically sound, meaning those that meet established standards regarding reliability and validity when measuring one or more constructs of interest, are customarily evaluated based on a set modality (i.e., computer or paper) and administration (fixed-item order). Deviating from an established administration profile could result in non-equivalent response patterns, indicating the possible evaluation of a dissimilar construct. Randomizing item administration may alter or eliminate these effects. Therefore, we examined the differences in scale relationships for randomized and nonrandomized computer delivery for two scales measuring meaning/purpose in life. These scales have questions about suicidality, depression, and life goals that may cause item reactivity (i.e. a changed response to a second item based on the answer to the first item). Results indicated that item randomization does not alter scale psychometrics for meaning in life scales, which implies that results are comparable even if researchers implement different delivery modalities.

Item Bias Analysis of the Young Schema-Questionnaire for Psychopathology, Gender, and Educational Level

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. Rijkeboer ◽  
Huub van den Bergh ◽  
Jan van den Bout
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
Young Schema Questionnaire ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Schema Questionnaire

This study examines the construct validity of the Young Schema-Questionnaire at the item level in a Dutch population. Possible bias of items in relation to the presence or absence of psychopathology, gender, and educational level was analyzed, using a cross-validation design. None of the items of the YSQ exhibited differential item functioning (DIF) for gender, and only one item showed DIF for educational level. Furthermore, item bias analysis did not identify DIF for the presence or absence of psychopathology in as much as 195 of the 205 items comprising the YSQ. Ten items, however, spread over the questionnaire, were found to yield relatively inconsistent response patterns for patients and nonclinical participants.

Examining the Link Between Character Strengths and Positive and Negative Mental Health Indicators in Iranian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110053
Author(s):  
Mahsa Jabbari ◽  
Shahriar Shahidi ◽  
Leili Panaghi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mazaheri ◽  
Eva Oberle
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Character Strengths ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Grade Level Differences

Character strengths are an important foundation for positive development and thriving in adolescence. Most research on character strengths has been conducted with youths in Western cultures. We examined character strengths in relation to positive and negative well-being indicators in a sample of Iranian youths. We investigated the reliability and validity of the Farsi version of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA Y-96)—a self-report survey commonly used in Western contexts. Participants were adolescents in Iran ( N = 1,359; 48.5% female; M age = 13.54, SD = 1.00) who completed the VIA Y-96 and questionnaires assessing life satisfaction, positive/negative experiences, depression, anxiety, and stress. We found that reliability coefficients were acceptable for most of the VIA subscales. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as a second-order CFA, supported the construct validity of the Farsi VIA Y-96. Correlations between the character strengths and positive and negative well-being indicators supported convergent validity. Measurement invariance for the VIA Y-96 was established in this study comparing boys’ and girls’ response patterns. Sex and grade level differences were found for some of the subscales. Overall, the Farsi VIA Y-96 had acceptable psychometric properties, suggesting that it can be used in research on character strengths with Iranian youths.

Life goals and purpose in life in cancer patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pinquart ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen ◽  
Cornelia Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Life Goals

scholarly journals Readiness in Retirement Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Dewi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Pension Program ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Variable Focus

This study investigates whether the ownership of a retirement program is owned only by those who have a purpose in life in old age or also owned by those who focus on working well now and do not have a purpose in life in old age. The study population is employees, and entrepreneurs who have worked, with sample criteria have a steady income with a specific educational background. The number of samples is 52 respondents. The result revealed that having the purpose of life in old age, and focusing on the purpose of life at the moment encourage someone to have a pension program. The results of the study stated that the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable appeared weak. The independent variable "has the purpose of old age life" and the independent variable "focus on life goals current" can explain 0.69 % of the dependent variable "has retirement fund program.

Measuring State Anxiety in the Context of Acute Exercise Using the State Anxiety Inventory: An Attempt to Resolve the Brouhaha

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panteleimon Ekkekakis ◽  
Eric E. Hall ◽  
Steven J. Petruzzello
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
The State ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Anxiety Subscale

Two studies were conducted to examine the internal consistency and validity of the state anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI) in the context of acute exercise. SAI responses typically found in the exercise literature were replicated. Analysis at the item level revealed divergent response patterns, confounding the total SAI score. During moderate and immediately after vigorous exercise, scores on items referring to cognitive antecedents of anxiety decreased, whereas scores on items assessing perceived activation increased. Indices of internal showed exercise-associated decreases. A principal-components analysis of responses immediately postexercise revealed a multidimensional structure, distinguishing “cognitive” and “activation” items. By failing to discern exercise-induced and anxiety-related increases in activation from anxiety-antecedent appraisals, the SAI exhibits compromised internal consistency and validity in the context of acute exercise.

Examining Nietzsche’s Epigram: Having a Why Helps You Bear Almost Any How?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110418
Author(s):  
P. F. Jonah Li ◽  
Y. Joel Wong ◽  
Ryon C. McDermott
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Life Goals

How does having purpose in life help people develop successful routes to achieve their life goals? The authors address this question in the current study by examining the relationships among U.S. college students’ purpose in life, resilience, and pathways thinking, defined as the belief that one can successfully generate plans to achieve one’s life goals. Purpose in life was positively associated with resilience and pathways. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that purpose in life was indirectly associated with pathways via its correlation with pathways. Based on the findings, the authors outlined a theoretical framework that explains the role of purpose in life in people’s psychological functioning.

Reliability and Validity of an Instrument for Adolescents Meaning in Life Scale(AMIL)

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Ah Kang ◽  
Shin Jeong Kim ◽  
Mi Kyung Song ◽  
Songyong Sim
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Life Scale

A Simulation Study of Reliability and Validity of Multiple-Choice Test Scores Under Six Response-Scoring Modes

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Frary
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
True Score ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Carry Over

Responses to a 40-item, four-choice test were simulated for 120 examinees under six response-scoring modes including number-right, corrected-for-guessing and answer-until-correct. Separate score sets were generated to reflect five levels of prevalence of misinformation (belief that an answer is a distractor) and five levels of propensity-to-guess contrary to instructions for modes designed to inhibit guessing. Criteria were simulated using the number-right mode with five levels of misinformation prevalence and four levels of true-score relationship with the predictor. The entire process was repeated with the introduction of normally distributed, random error at the item level. This process yielded 260 sets of five scores (predictor and four criteria), which were examined to determine differential effects on reliability and validity attributable to the response-scoring modes. Modes permitting multiple responses to an item were found to yield genuine increases in internal consistency reliability, which tended to carry over into validity coefficients. However, the validity differences among all the response-scoring modes simulated were small, probably too small to justify the additional cost and complexity of modes other than number-right.

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