scholarly journals Live Scoping Review of N95 and Surgical Facemask Decontamination and Reuse: A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie O'Hearn ◽  
Anirudh Agarwal ◽  
Karen Choong ◽  
Shira Gertsman ◽  
Nassr Nama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Open Access Database

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), namely surgical masks, N95 masks, and gowns, has been experienced by some hospitals and could be expected in others due to a rapidly increased need. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) specifically recommends N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers who are interacting with patients with COVID-19 under aerosol precautions, and when performing aerosol generating medical procedures. In contrast, surgical masks have much broader use and are recommended for use by health care providers to protect against the risk of droplet transmission in inpatient healthcare settings and outpatient settings (e.g. COVID-19 assessment centres, long-term care facilities, and community care settings). One potential method of addressing the shortage and ensuring adequate protection for health care workers in accordance with the above recommendations would be to decontaminate and reuse N95 FFRs and surgical masks. Our group recently conducted a series of systematic reviews to synthesize the existing literature on N95 and surgical mask decontamination. However, literature in this area is rapidly evolving and these systematic reviews will require updates in order to provide clinicians, hospital administrators, and public health officials with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information available. The purpose of this living scoping review is to identify all original research on N95 and surgical mask decontamination and reuse, and to build an open-access database of the existing literature.

scholarly journals Understanding physical literacy in the context of health: a rapid scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Cornish ◽  
Gloria Fox ◽  
Trina Fyfe ◽  
Erica Koopmans ◽  
Anne Pousette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Physical literacy is a multidimensional concept that describes a holistic foundation for physical activity engagement. Understanding the utilization and effectiveness of physical literacy in the context of health and the health care setting will support clinical and population health programming. The purpose of this rapid scoping review was to: 1) map the conceptualization of physical literacy as it relates to health; 2) identify and describe the utilization of physical literacy in the context of health and engagement of health care providers; and 3) better understand the relationship between physical literacy, physical activity, and health. Methods Following established scoping review methods adapted for a rapid review approach, we searched electronic databases Medline OVID, CINAHL Ebsco, PsycInfo Ebsco, Web of Science ISI, and ERIC Ebsco from conception until September 2019. Tabulation coding was used to identify the key themes across included articles and synthesize findings. The review follows an integrated knowledge translation approach based on a partnership between the health system, community organizations, and researchers. Results Following removal of duplicates, our search identified 475 articles for title and abstract screening. After full text review, 17 articles were included (12 original research papers and five conceptual or review papers). There was near consensus among included papers with 16 of 17 using the Whiteheadian definition of physical literacy. There was limited involvement of health care providers in the concept of physical literacy. Physical literacy was connected to the following health indicators: BMI and body weight, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. The primary demographic focus of included studies was children and there was a conceptual focus on the physical domain of physical literacy. Conclusions Despite growing popularity, the empirical evidence base linking physical literacy and health outcomes is limited and the relationship remains theoretical. Physical literacy may present a novel and holistic framework for health-enhancing physical activity interventions that consider factors vital to sustained participation in physical activity across the life course. Future work should continue to explore the nature and direction of the relationship between physical activity and physical literacy to identify appropriate focused approaches for health promotion.

On the Margins of Death: A Scoping Review on Palliative Care and Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Relyea ◽  
Brooke MacDonald ◽  
Christina Cattaruzza ◽  
Denise Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Care Providers

Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness that results in marginalization and stigma for sufferers. It is the seventh leading cause for disability worldwide. The symptoms of the illness, including hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior, may also introduce barriers to accessing treatment, education, housing, and employment. Little is known about end-of-life care for individuals with schizophrenia. To address this gap, a scoping review was conducted to enhance understanding of hospice and palliative care for patients with schizophrenia. From this scoping review, 342 unique titles and abstracts were identified through a search of 20 databases, including 11 social science databases, 6 medical databases, and 3 gray literature databases. A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and the following 4 themes were identified: Stigma affecting quality of care and access to care; Issues related to consent and capacity for the patient’s end-of-life care decisions and to appoint substitute decision makers; Best practices for psychosocial interventions, pharmacology, family and health-care collaborations, goals of care, setting, and smoking; and Barriers to care, including setting, communication, provider education, and access to care. The review suggests the importance of mandatory interdisciplinary training practices and policy standards outlining cooperative communication across health-care providers. It highlights gaps in evidence-based research on psychosocial interventions and collaborative frameworks to enable the provision of quality end-of-life care for individuals with schizophrenia.

Outside Looking In: A Pharmacist's Personal Journey With Family Elders

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Jeannette Y. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Clinical Inertia ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Personal Journey ◽  
Care System

Pharmacists who work in long-term care—or in any area of health care—are exposed to the health care system on a daily basis. While most of us recognize that the health care system has problems, especially at transitions of care, few of us appreciate fully how serious these problems can be. Certifying and accrediting agencies have encouraged health care providers to step out of their silos and work more collaboratively, and educators have emphasized understanding geriatric syndromes. A description of a personal journey through the health system—for both the patient and the caregiver—with two older individuals, this narrative discusses how difficult it is for patients to understand what's happening around them. It also discusses the clinical inertia in addressing geriatric issues and offers suggestions to health care providers facing similar situations.

scholarly journals MP34: Elder abuse in the emergency department: a systematic scoping review

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S54-S55
Author(s):  
E. Mercier ◽  
A. Nadeau ◽  
A. Brousseau ◽  
M. Emond ◽  
J. Lowthian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Care Providers

Introduction: This systematic scoping review aims to synthetize the available evidence on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, screening tools, prevention strategies, interventions and knowledge of health care providers regarding elder abuse in the emergency department (ED). Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using three databases (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library). Grey literature was scrutinized. Studies were considered eligible when they were observational studies or randomized control trials reporting on elder abuse in the prehospital and/or ED setting. Data extraction was performed independently by two researchers and a qualitative approach was used to synthetize the findings. Results: A total of 443 citations were retrieved from which 58 studies published between 1988 and 2018 were finally included. Prevalence of elder abuse following an ED visit varied between 0.01% and 0.03%. Reporting of elder abuse to proper law authorities by ED physicians varied between 2% to 50% of suspected cases. The most common reported type of elder abuse detected was neglect followed by physical abuse. Female gender was the most consistent factor associated with elder abuse. Cognitive impairment, behavioral problems and psychiatric disorder of the patient or the caregiver were also associated with physical abuse and neglect as well as more frequent ED consultations. Several screening tools have been proposed, but ED-based validation is lacking. Literature on prehospital- or ED-initiated prevention and interventions was scarce without any controlled trial. Health care providers were poorly trained to detect and care for older adults who are suspected of being a victim of elder abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse in the ED is an understudied topic. It remains underrecognized and underreported with ED prevalence rates lower than those in community-dwelling older adults. Health care providers reported lacking appropriate training and knowledge with regards to elder abuse. Dedicated ED studies are required.

scholarly journals Health Education Serious Games Targeting Health Care Providers, Patients, and Public Health Users: Scoping Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Sharifzadeh ◽  
Hadi Kharrazi ◽  
Elham Nazari ◽  
Hamed Tabesh ◽  
Maryam Edalati Khodabandeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Serious Educational Games

BACKGROUND Serious educational games have shown effectiveness in improving various health outcomes. Previous reviews of health education games have focused on specific diseases, certain medical subjects, fixed target groups, or limited outcomes of interest. Given the recent surge in health game studies, a scoping review of health education games is needed to provide an updated overview of various aspects of such serious games. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the design and evaluation of serious educational games for health targeting health care providers, patients, and public (health) users. METHODS We identified 2313 studies using a unique combination of keywords in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. A total of 161 studies were included in this review after removing duplicates (n=55) and excluding studies not meeting our inclusion criteria (1917 based on title and abstract and 180 after reviewing the full text). The results were stratified based on games targeting health care providers, patients, and public users. RESULTS Most health education games were developed and evaluated in America (82/161, 50.9%) and Europe (64/161, 39.8%), with a considerable number of studies published after 2012. We discovered 58.4% (94/161) of studies aiming to improve knowledge learning and 41.6% (67/161) to enhance skill development. The studies targeted various categories of end users: health care providers (42/161, 26.1%), patients (38/161, 23.6%), public users (75/161, 46.6%), and a mix of users (6/161, 3.7%). Among games targeting patients, only 13% (6/44) targeted a specific disease, whereas a growing majority targeted lifestyle behaviors, social interactions, cognition, and generic health issues (eg, safety and nutrition). Among 101 studies reporting gameplay specifications, the most common gameplay duration was 30 to 45 min. Of the 61 studies reporting game repetition, only 14% (9/61) of the games allowed the users to play the game with unlimited repetitions. From 32 studies that measured follow-up duration after the game intervention, only 1 study reported a 2-year postintervention follow-up. More than 57.7% (93/161) of the games did not have a multidisciplinary team to design, develop, or assess the game. CONCLUSIONS Serious games are increasingly used for health education targeting a variety of end users. This study offers an updated scoping review of the studies assessing the value of serious games in improving health education. The results showed a promising trend in diversifying the application of health education games that go beyond a specific medical condition. However, our findings indicate the need for health education game development and adoption in developing countries and the need to focus on multidisciplinary teamwork in designing effective health education games. Furthermore, future health games should expand the duration and repetition of games and increase the length of the follow-up assessments to provide evidence on long-term effectiveness.

scholarly journals Accelerating the Appropriate Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Protocol for a Multistepped Approach

10.2196/30940 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e30940
Author(s):  
David Wiljer ◽  
Mohammad Salhia ◽  
Elham Dolatabadi ◽  
Azra Dhalla ◽  
Caitlin Gillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Environmental Scan

Background Significant investments and advances in health care technologies and practices have created a need for digital and data-literate health care providers. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms transform the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of medical conditions. Complex and massive data sets are informing significant health care decisions and clinical practices. The ability to read, manage, and interpret large data sets to provide data-driven care and to protect patient privacy are increasingly critical skills for today’s health care providers. Objective The aim of this study is to accelerate the appropriate adoption of data-driven and AI-enhanced care by focusing on the mindsets, skillsets, and toolsets of point-of-care health providers and their leaders in the health system. Methods To accelerate the adoption of AI and the need for organizational change at a national level, our multistepped approach includes creating awareness and capacity building, learning through innovation and adoption, developing appropriate and strategic partnerships, and building effective knowledge exchange initiatives. Education interventions designed to adapt knowledge to the local context and address any challenges to knowledge use include engagement activities to increase awareness, educational curricula for health care providers and leaders, and the development of a coaching and practice-based innovation hub. Framed by the Knowledge-to-Action framework, we are currently in the knowledge creation stage to inform the curricula for each deliverable. An environmental scan and scoping review were conducted to understand the current state of AI education programs as reported in the academic literature. Results The environmental scan identified 24 AI-accredited programs specific to health providers, of which 11 were from the United States, 6 from Canada, 4 from the United Kingdom, and 3 from Asian countries. The most common curriculum topics across the environmental scan and scoping review included AI fundamentals, applications of AI, applied machine learning in health care, ethics, data science, and challenges to and opportunities for using AI. Conclusions Technologies are advancing more rapidly than organizations, and professionals can adopt and adapt to them. To help shape AI practices, health care providers must have the skills and abilities to initiate change and shape the future of their discipline and practices for advancing high-quality care within the digital ecosystem. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/30940

scholarly journals P129: Safer transitions in the care of the elderly: identification of essential information in transitional care

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S110-S111
Author(s):  
S. Trivedi ◽  
S. Beckett ◽  
A. Dick ◽  
R. Hartmann ◽  
C. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Patient Advocates

Introduction: When presenting to the Emergency Department (ED), the care of elderly patients residing in Long Term Care (LTC) can be complicated by threats to patient safety created by ineffective transitions of care. Though standardized inpatient handover tools exist, there has yet to be a universal tool adopted for transfers to the ED. In this study, we surveyed relevant stakeholders and identified what information is essential in the transitions of care for this vulnerable population. Methods: We performed a descriptive, cross sectional electronic survey that was distributed to physicians and nurses in ED and LTC settings, paramedics, and patient advocates in two Canadian cities. The survey was kept open for a one month period with weekly formal reminders sent. Questions were generated after performing a literature review which sought to assess the current landscape of transitional care in this population. These were either multiple choice or free text entry questions aimed at identifying what information is essential in transitional periods. Results: A total of 191 health care providers (HCP) and 22 patient advocates (PA) responded to the survey. Within the HCPs, 38% were paramedics, 38% worked in the ED, and 24% were in LTC. In this group, only 41% of respondents were aware of existing handover protocols. Of the proposed informational items in transitional care, 100% of the respondents within both groups indicated that items including reason for transfer and advanced care directives were essential. Other areas identified as necessary were past medical history and baseline functional status. Furthermore, the majority of PAs identified that items such as primary language, bowel and bladder incontinence and spiritual beliefs should be included. Conclusion: This survey demonstrated that there is a need for an improved handover culture to be established when caring for LTC patients in the ED. Education needs to be provided surrounding existing protocols to ensure that health care providers are aware of their existence. Furthermore, we identified what information is essential to transitional care of these patients according to HCPs and PAs. These findings will be used to generate a simple, one page handover form. The next iteration of this project will pilot this handover form in an attempt to create safer transitions to the ED in this at-risk population.

Simplifying Glasgow Coma Scale Use for Nurses

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Hamza AL-Quraan ◽  
Mohannad AbuRuz
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Coma Scale

<p>Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was introduced in 1974 as a tool to standardize the assessment of the level of consciousness of patients. Since it was introduced and used, GCS was considered to be the gold standard method for this purpose. Despite plenty of strengths GCS has (i.e. objectivity and easy communication on the results between the health care providers); GCS was considered to be ambiguous and confusing for nurses and infrequent users. Moreover, lack of knowledge and training about GCS might affect the accuracy and inter-rater reliability among health care professionals. The purpose of this paper was to simplify the use of GCS step by step for the beginner health care professionals.</p><p>This literature review was done by searching the following search engines: Pubmed, Midline, CINHAL, Ebsco host, and Google Scholar for the key words of: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), flow chart, nurses, and consciousness.Types of articles included: original research, literature review and meta-analysis. This review included the following sections:</p><p>1)     Definition of the related concepts</p><p>2)     The historical development of the GCS</p><p>3)     How to score the GCS</p><p>4)     Recommendation for clinical settings, and</p><p>5)     Conclusion</p>

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