Steam Flow formulation of the Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator

The purpose of this paper is to formulate the steam flow that will be generated by the “Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator” according to its dimensions. For mor detail information refer to the article "Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator"[https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dvr9y] and the preprint "Detail Design - Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator"[https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/wuq92] . The steam Flow is the key point out put of this paper. It will allow to figure out the impact of the sea water desalination engine, its cost and its benefits.

Solar Heat Transfer formulation for the Steam generation from seawater based on Linear Fresnel Concentrator

10.31219/osf.io/frhy3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

samir touzani

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Steam Generator ◽

Sea Water ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Thin Layers ◽

Steam Flow ◽

Steam Generation ◽

Detail Design ◽

Flow Generation ◽

The purpose of this paper is to formulate the heat transfer needed to generate continuously the steam from the “Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator” according to its dimensions. For more detail information refer to the article "Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator"[1], the preprint "Detail Design - Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator"[2] and the preprint Steam Flow formulation of the Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator[3]. The heat transfer flow assessment depending of many dimensions is the key point out put of this paper. At the glance, these dimensions are the geometry of the Linear Fresnel Concentrator, the tilt to the sun's rays, the length , the radius of the tangled cylinders, the thickness of the annulus spaces and the cavity between the composed device absorber and mirror. The device absorber is composed of the tangled cylinders and the steam collector. Note that the known LFR applications for both industrial and power sectors requires medium temperatures ranging from 100°C to 250°C. The flat plate solar collectors are suitable for low temperature applications maximum up to 80°C and parabolic concentrators are suitable for high temperatures applications above 300°C. Hence, the present work will focus on LFR with parabolic concentrator because sea water desalination requires reaching the boiling point under pressure near atmospheric pressure which is 100 °C. Furthermore, the diameter of absorber device for parabolic concentrator may vary from 5 in to 10 in which is much greater than tubes dimensions for trapezoidal cavity. Then, this dimension fact allows efficient flow water circulation and meaningful steam flow generation.[1] touzani, s. (2019, March 28). Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dvr9y[2] touzani, s. (2020, September 12). Detail Design - Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/wuq92[3] touzani, s. (2020, September 21). Steam Flow formulation of the Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ske5c

Detail Design - Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator

10.31219/osf.io/wuq92 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

samir touzani

Keyword(s):

Steam Generator ◽

Sea Water ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Detail Design

Complete Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator schema . This paper describes in detail the steam gneration process to achieve the new sea water desalination process described in the paper available by this link https://osf.io/dvr9y/

Energy Production and vapor condensating in Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator"

10.31219/osf.io/muz9g ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

samir touzani

Keyword(s):

Steam Generator ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Membrane System ◽

Thin Layers ◽

Condensation Process ◽

Steam Generation ◽

Detail Design ◽

Solar Desalination ◽

Additional Process ◽

This paper aims to present the outline of two additional process for "Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator"[1]. For more detail information refer to the article "Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator"[1], the preprint "Detail Design - Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator"[2] , the preprint Steam Flow formulation of the Linear Fresnel concentrator Steam Generator[3] and the preprint ‘Solar Heat Transfer formulation for the Steam generation from seawater based on Linear Fresnel Concentrator’[4].The first process is the condensation process which reuse an existing process. We recommend to use the HeatSink technology combined to cooling plate. For more information about this condensation process we can refer to this article ‘Improvement of condensation step of water vapor in solar desalination of seawater and the development of three-ply membrane system’[5]. The second process, which the innovation aspect for this paper, is to generate hydro-electrical energy from the condensate water in the first process.

Sea water desalination and removal of iodine: effect on thyroid function

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.372 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 472-475

Author(s):

Gideon Koren ◽

Yona Amitai ◽

Meital Shlezinger ◽

Rachel Katz ◽

Varda Shalev

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Sea Water ◽

Population Based ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Before And After ◽

Using Data ◽

Abstract In Israel, about 55% of drinking water is derived from desalination (DSW) which removes all iodine. A recent study from Israel demonstrated high rates of iodine deficiency among school-aged children and pregnant women. There are concerns that low iodine may lead to impaired thyroid function. However, to date, the impact of consuming DSW on body iodine status has not been studied. The objective was to assess whether the increased use of DSW is associated with increased rates of hypothyroidism. Using data from a large health fund in Israel, we compared proportions of patients with higher than normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and lower than normal T3 and T4 levels before and after a massive desalination project became operational in August 2013 in areas with high vs. low use of DSW. Over 400,000 cases were compared in 2010–2013 vs. 2014–2016. Overall, there was no increase in the proportion of individuals with higher than normal TSH levels, or lower than normal T3 and T4 levels. In conclusion, in this population-based study, following the introduction of DSW, there was no evidence of increased incidence of low thyroid function tests, and the trends were similar in both areas highly consuming, or not consuming, DSW.

Desalination of seawater by successive heating of thin layers of water using solar radiations from a Fresnel concentrator

10.31219/osf.io/dvr9y ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

samir touzani

Keyword(s):

Sea Water ◽

Thin Layers ◽

Equivalent Resistance ◽

Initial Value ◽

Cold Source ◽

The Subject ◽

The Difference ◽

A New Technique ◽

Development Prospects ◽

The seawater desalination technique presented in this article is based on a new technique for the production of water vapor which has the advantage of using solar energy with maximum evaporation efficiency. This innovation is limited to the production of steam and can be combined with a known technique of condensation of the steam in order to complete the desalination cycle of seawater. This technique is based on the simple principle that the heat transferred from the hot source to the cold source is maximum if the difference between their respective temperatures is kept at its maximum. Thus, by carrying out successive operations of heating thin layers of water, the technique makes it possible to maximize the efficiency of the evaporation by bringing the temperature of the fluid to its initial value at each iteration, thus enabling, according to the Newton's law, to favor the transfer of heat to water.Then, in this paper, we present the theoretical demonstration of the soundness of this technique by using the analogy with electricity using the equivalent resistance for circuits in parallel. Next, an application of the technique which is the subject of a patent of invention is presented in the detal. It is a desalination engine for seawater using solar radiation from a Fresnel concentrator. The presented invention makes it possible to produce steam continuously by heating thin layers of sea water by the Fresnel concentrator. The development prospects of the invention are also presented using the techniques of Nanotechnology.

Research on Novel Seawater Desalination Zero Release System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1489 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 1489-1493

Author(s):

Jian Zhong Shi ◽

Gang Wang

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Sea Water ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Ecological Condition ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Compressed Air ◽

Ecological Environment ◽

Release System ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

In according to adverse effect on ecological condition by discharging concentrated seawater into the sea, novel sea water desalination zero release system is proposed in this article. The brine from desalination system will be deal with compressed air method, and not into the ser. The brine fully utilized to improve water use efficiency and economic benefits, which reduce the impact on the ecological environment.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part M Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment ◽

Effect of long-term moisture exposure on impact response of glass-reinforced vinylester

10.1177/1475090221996167 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147509022199616

Author(s):

Fatemeh Alizadeh ◽

Navid Kharghani ◽

Carlos Guedes Soares

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Sea Water ◽

Composite Plates ◽

Impact Response ◽

Low Velocity Impact ◽

Water Type ◽

Interfacial Damage ◽

Impact Properties ◽

Glass/Vinylester composite laminates are comprehensively characterised to assess its impact response behaviour under moisture exposure in marine structures. An instrumented drop weight impact machine is utilised to determine the impact responses of dry and immersed specimens in normal, salted and sea water. The specimens, which had three different thicknesses, were subjected to water exposure for a very long period of over 20 months before tested in a low-velocity impact experiment. Water uptake was measured primarily to study the degradation profiles of GRP laminates after being permeated by water. Matrix dissolution and interfacial damage observed on the laminates after prolonged moisture exposure while the absorption behaviour was found typically non-Fickian. The weight of the composite plates firstly increased because of water diffusion up to month 15 and then decreased due to matrix degradation. The specimens with 3, 6 and 9 mm thickness exhibited maximum water absorption corresponding to 2.6%, 0.7% and 0.5% weight gain, respectively. In general, the results indicated that water uptake and impact properties were affected by thickness and less by water type. Impact properties of prolonged immersed specimens reduced remarkably, and intense failure modes detected almost in all cases. The least sensitive to impact damage were wet specimens with 9 mm thickness as they indicated similar maximum load and absorbed energy for different impact energies.

Study of the Ecological Footprint and Carbon Footprint in a Reverse Osmosis Sea Water Desalination Plant

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11060377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Federico Leon ◽

Alejandro Ramos-Martin ◽

Sebastian Ovidio Perez-Baez

Keyword(s):

Reverse Osmosis ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Ecological Footprint ◽

Sea Water ◽

Water Desalination ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Generation System ◽

Negative Part ◽

Desalination Plant ◽

Materials Used

The water situation in the Canary Islands has been a historical problem that has been sought to be solved in various ways. After years of work, efforts have focused on desalination of seawater to provide safe water mainly to citizens, agriculture, and tourism. Due to the high demand in the Islands, the Canary Islands was a pioneering place in the world in desalination issues, allowing the improvement of the techniques and materials used. There are a wide variety of technologies for desalination water, but nowadays the most used is reverse osmosis. Desalination has a negative part, the energy costs of producing desalinated water are high. To this we add the peculiarities of the electricity generation system in the Canary Islands, which generates more emissions per unit of energy produced compared to the peninsular generation system. In this study we have selected a desalination plant located on the island of Tenerife, specifically in the municipality of Granadilla de Abona, and once its technical characteristics have been known, the ecological footprint has been calculated. To do this we have had to perform some calculations such as the capacity to fix carbon dioxide per hectare in the Canary Islands, as well as the total calculation of the emissions produced in the generation of energy to feed the desalination plant.

Analysis of the Accelerator-Driven System Fuel Assembly during the Steam Generator Tube Rupture Accident

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14081818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 1818

Author(s):

Di-Si Wang ◽

Bo Liu ◽

Sheng Yang ◽

Bin Xi ◽

Long Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Assembly ◽

Steam Generator ◽

Metal Flow ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Steam Generator Tube ◽

Driven System ◽

Fuel Assemblies ◽

Accelerator Driven System ◽

The Impact ◽

Steam Bubble

China is developing an ADS (Accelerator-Driven System) research device named the China initiative accelerator-driven system (CiADS). When performing a safety analysis of this new proposed design, the core behavior during the steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident has to be investigated. The purpose of our research in this paper is to investigate the impact from different heating conditions and inlet steam contents on steam bubble and coolant temperature distributions in ADS fuel assemblies during a postulated SGTR accident by performing necessary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. In this research, the open source CFD calculation software OpenFOAM, together with the two-phase VOF (Volume of Fluid) model were used to simulate the steam bubble behavior in heavy liquid metal flow. The model was validated with experimental results published in the open literature. Based on our simulation results, it can be noticed that steam bubbles will accumulate at the periphery region of fuel assemblies, and the maximum temperature in fuel assembly will not overwhelm its working limit during the postulated SGTR accident when the steam content at assembly inlet is less than 15%.

Engineering Slidable Graphical User Interfaces with Slime

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction ◽

10.1145/3457147 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (EICS) ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Arthur Sluÿters ◽

Jean Vanderdonckt ◽

Radu-Daniel Vatavu

Keyword(s):

User Interface ◽

User Interfaces ◽

Graphical User Interfaces ◽

Domain Model ◽

Transition Diagram ◽

New Device ◽

Computing Platform ◽

Detail Design ◽

Uml Class Diagram ◽

Intra-platform plasticity regularly assumes that the display of a computing platform remains fixed and rigid during interactions with the platform in contrast to reconfigurable displays, which can change form depending on the context of use. In this paper, we present a model-based approach for designing and deploying graphical user interfaces that support intra-platform plasticity for reconfigurable displays. We instantiate the model for E3Screen, a new device that expands a conventional laptop with two slidable, rotatable, and foldable lateral displays, enabling slidable user interfaces. Based on a UML class diagram as a domain model and a SCRUD list as a task model, we define an abstract user interface as interaction units with a corresponding master-detail design pattern. We then map the abstract user interface to a concrete user interface by applying rules for the reconfiguration, concrete interaction, unit allocation, and widget selection and implement it in JavaScript. In a first experiment, we determine display configurations most preferred by users, which we organize in the form of a state-transition diagram. In a second experiment, we address reconfiguration rules and widget selection rules. A third experiment provides insights into the impact of the lateral displays on a visual search task.