scholarly journals ERP markers of action planning and outcome monitoring in human – robot interaction.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina-Alisa Hinz ◽  
Francesca Ciardo ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Condition ◽  
The Way

The present study aimed to examine event-related potentials (ERPs) of action planning and outcome monitoring in human-robot interaction. To this end, participants were instructed to perform costly actions (i.e. losing points) to stop a balloon from inflating and to prevent its explosion. They performed the task alone (individual condition) or with a robot (joint condition). Similar to findings from human-human interactions, results showed that action planning was affected by the presence of another agent, robot in this case. Specifically, the early readiness potential (eRP) amplitude was larger in the joint, than in the individual, condition. The presence of the robot affected also outcome perception and monitoring. Our results showed that the P1/N1 complex was suppressed in the joint, compared to the individual condition when the worst outcome was expected, suggesting that the presence of the robot affects attention allocation to negative outcomes of one’s own actions. Similarly, results also showed that larger losses elicited smaller feedback-related negativity (FRN) in the joint than in the individual condition. Taken together, our results indicate that the social presence of a robot may influence the way we plan our actions and also the way we monitor their consequences. Implications of the study for the human-robot interaction field are discussed.

scholarly journals Neuroscientifically-grounded research for improved human-robot interaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyveli Kompatsiari ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Giorgio Metta ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Related Potentials

The present study highlights the benefits of using well-controlled experimental designs, grounded in experimental psychology research and objective neuroscientific methods, for generating progress in human-robot interaction (HRI) research. In this study, we implemented a well-studied paradigm of attentional cueing through gaze (the so-called “joint attention” or “gaze cueing”) in an HRI protocol involving the iCub robot. We replicated the standard phenomenon of joint attention both in terms of behavioral measures and event-related potentials of the EEG signal. Our methodology of combining neuroscience methods with an HRI protocol opens promising avenues both for a better design of robots which are to interact with humans, and also for increasing the ecological validity of research in social and cognitive neuroscience.

scholarly journals Robots Improve Judgments on Self-generated Actions: An Intentional Binding Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Roselli ◽  
Francesca Ciardo ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Intentional Binding ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Robotic Agent ◽  
Individual Condition

In near future, robots will become a fundamental part of our daily life; therefore, it appears crucial to investigate how they can successfully interact with humans. Since several studies already pointed out that a robotic agent can influence human’s cognitive mechanisms such as decision-making and joint attention, we focus on Sense of Agency (SoA). To this aim, we employed the Intentional Binding (IB) task to implicitly assess SoA in human-robot interaction (HRI). Participants were asked to perform an IB task alone (Individual condition) or with the Cozmo robot (Social condition). In the Social condition, participants were free to decide whether they wanted to let Cozmo press. Results showed that participants performed the action significantly more often than Cozmo. Moreover, participants were more precise in reporting the occurrence of a self-made action when Cozmo was also in charge of performing the task. However, this improvement in evaluating self-performance corresponded to a reduction in SoA. In conclusion, the present study highlights the double effect of robots as social companions. Indeed, the social presence of the robot leads to a better evaluation of self-generated actions and, at the same time, to a reduction of SoA.

scholarly journals Reduced Sense of Agency in Human-Robot interaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Ciardo ◽  
Davide De Tommaso ◽  
Frederike Beyer ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Joint Condition ◽  
External Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Embodied Agent ◽  
Individual Condition ◽  
Diffusion Of Responsibility

In the presence of others, sense of agency (SoA), i.e. the perceived relation-ship between our own actions and external events, is reduced. This effect is thought to contribute to diffusion of responsibility. The present study aimed at examining humans’ SoA when interacting with an artificial embodied agent. Young adults participated in a task alongside the Cozmo robot (Anki Robotics). Participants were asked to perform costly actions (i.e. losing vari-ous amounts of points) to stop an inflating balloon from exploding. In 50% of trials, only the participant could stop the inflation of the balloon (Individ-ual condition). In the remaining trials, both Cozmo and the participant were in charge of preventing the balloon from bursting (Joint condition). The longer the players waited before pressing the “stop” key, the smaller amount of points that was subtracted. However, in case the balloon burst, partici-pants would lose the largest amount of points. In the joint condition, no points were lost if Cozmo stopped the balloon. At the end of each trial, par-ticipants rated how much control they perceived over the outcome of the tri-al. Results showed that when participants successfully stopped the balloon, they rated their SoA lower in the Joint than in the Individual condition, in-dependently of the amount of lost points. This suggests that interacting with robots affects SoA, similarly to interacting with other humans

scholarly journals ERP markers of action planning and outcome monitoring in human – robot interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 103216
Author(s):  
Nina-Alisa Hinz ◽  
Francesca Ciardo ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Action Planning ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Outcome Monitoring

Lexical entries and rules of language: A multidisciplinary study of German inflection

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Clahsen
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Computational System ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Way

Following much work in linguistic theory, it is hypothesized that the language faculty has a modular structure and consists of two basic components, a lexicon of (structured) entries and a computational system of combinatorial operations to form larger linguistic expressions from lexical entries. This target article provides evidence for the dual nature of the language faculty by describing recent results of a multidisciplinary investigation of German inflection. We have examined: (1) its linguistic representation, focussing on noun plurals and verb inflection (participles), (2) processes involved in the way adults produce and comprehend inflected words, (3) brain potentials generated during the processing of inflected words, and (4) the way children acquire and use inflection. It will be shown that the evidence from all these sources converges and supports the distinction between lexical entries and combinatorial operations.Our experimental results indicate that adults have access to two distinct processing routes, one accessing (irregularly) inflected entries from the mental lexicon and another involving morphological decomposition of (regularly) inflected words into stem+affix representations. These two processing routes correspond to the dual structure of the linguistic system. Results from event-related potentials confirm this linguistic distinction at the level of brain structures. In children's language, we have also found these two processes to be clearly dissociated; regular and irregular inflection are used under different circumstances, and the constraints under which children apply them are identical to those of the adult linguistic system.Our findings will be explained in terms of a linguistic model that maintains the distinction between the lexicon and the computational system but replaces the traditional view of the lexicon as a simple list of idiosyncrasies with the notion of internally structured lexical representations.

scholarly journals Long-term evaluation of a social robot in real homes

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje M. A. de Graaf ◽  
Somaya Ben Allouch ◽  
Jan A. G. M. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Social Presence ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Mere Exposure Effect ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Interaction Research

Abstract This study aims to contribute to emerging human-robot interaction research by adding longitudinal findings to a limited number of long-term social robotics home studies. We placed 70 robots in users’ homes for a period of up to six months, and used questionnaires and interviews to collect data at six points during this period. Results indicate that users’ evaluations of the robot dropped initially, but later rose after the robot had been used for a longer period of time. This is congruent with the so-called mere-exposure effect, which shows an increasing positive evaluation of a novel stimulus once people become familiar with it. Before adoption, users focus on control beliefs showing that previous experiences with robots or other technologies allows to create a mental image of what having and using a robot in the home would entail. After adoption, users focus on utilitarian and hedonic attitudes showing that especially usefulness, social presence, enjoyment and attractiveness are important factors for long-term acceptance.

Late Positive Event-Related Potentials after Commissural Section in Humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kutas ◽  
Steven A. Hillyard ◽  
Bruce T. Volpe ◽  
Michael S. Gazzaniga
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Oddball ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Auditory Oddball Task

The lateral distribution of the P300 component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) was studied in five epileptic patients whose corpus callosum had been surgically sectioned and in seven neurologically intact controls. The P300 was elicited in an auditory “oddball” task using high- and low-pitched tones and in a visual oddball task in which target words were presented either to the left or right visual fields, or to both fields simultaneously. Commissurotomy altered the normal pattern of bilaterally symmetrical P300 waves over the left and right hemispheres, but in a different manner for auditory and visual stimuli. The auditory P3 to binaural tones was larger in amplitude over the right than the left hemisphere for the patients. In the visual task, the laterality of the P300 varied with the visual field of the target presentation. Left field targets elicited much larger P300 amplitudes over the right than the left hemisphere, as did bilateral targets. In contrast, right field targets triggered P300 waves of about the same amplitude over the two hemispheres. The overall amplitude of the P300 to simultaneous bilateral targets was less than the sum of the individual P300 amplitudes produced in response to the unilateral right and left field targets. These shifts in P300 laterality argue against the view that the P300 is an index of diffuse arousal or activation that is triggered in both hemispheres simultaneously irrespective of which hemisphere processes the target information. The results further demonstrate that the P300 does not depend for its production on interhemispheric comparisons of information mediated by the corpus callosum, as suggested recently by Knight et al. (1989).

scholarly journals The Effect of Reviewer Profile Photo on Purchase Decision: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Tang ◽  
Zhijie Song
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Online Reviews ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Purchase Rate ◽  
The Impact

Although the number of studies on online reviews is growing, the impact of reviewer photo on consumer purchase decision-making has not yet been examined systematically. In particular, the underlying neural mechanisms have remained underexplored. Thus, the present study investigated whether and how reviewer photos affects consumers to make a purchase decision by using event-related potentials (ERPs). At the behavioral level, participants demonstrated a higher purchase rate with a shorter RT in situations with reviewer photos compared to situations without reviewer photos. Meanwhile, at the neural level, compared with situations without reviewer photos, situations with reviewer photos attracted more rapid attention resources at the early automatic processing phase, which induced a greater P2 amplitude, then mobilized more sustained attention allocation at the cognitive monitoring phase due to its evolutionary significance which elicited a more negative N2 amplitude, and finally resulted in a better evaluative categorization with higher motivational and emotional arousal due to its social presence which evoked a larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude at the late elaborate cognitive processing phase. Those results illuminated the neural pathway of purchase decision-making when consumers were exposed in different conditions of reviewer photo. Moreover, the current study provided evidence for the underlying influence of reviewer photo on purchase decision-making in online shopping.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic Parameters Differentiating Melancholic Depression, Non-melancholic Depression, and Healthy Controls. A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Fussing Bruun ◽  
Caroline Juhl Arnbjerg ◽  
Lars Vedel Kessing
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether electroencephalographic parameters can serve as a tool to distinguish between melancholic depression, non-melancholic depression, and healthy controls in adults.Methods: A systematic review comprising an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO in August 2020 with monthly updates until November 1st, 2020. In addition, we performed a citation search and scanned reference lists. Clinical trials that performed an EEG-based examination on an adult patient group diagnosed with melancholic unipolar depression and compared with a control group of non-melancholic unipolar depression and/or healthy controls were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed by the Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.Results: A total of 24 studies, all case-control design, met the inclusion criteria and could be divided into three subgroups: Resting state studies (n = 5), sleep EEG studies (n = 10), and event-related potentials (ERP) studies (n = 9). Within each subgroup, studies were characterized by marked variability on almost all levels, preventing pooling of data, and many studies were subject to weighty methodological problems. However, the main part of the studies identified one or several EEG parameters that differentiated the groups.Conclusions: Multiple EEG modalities showed an ability to distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients and/or healthy controls. The considerable heterogeneity across studies and the frequent methodological difficulties at the individual study level were the main limitations to this work. Also, the underlying premise of shifting diagnostic paradigms may have resulted in an inhomogeneous patient population.Systematic Review Registration: Registered in the PROSPERO registry on August 8th, 2020, registration number CRD42020197472.

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