PREVENTION & CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
Nosocomial infection is every infectious process appearing during hospital stays, despite itsclinical picture carrier status and time of manifestation – during hospital treatment orafter discharge.A nosocomial infection is contracted because of an infection or toxin that exists in a certainlocation, such as a hospital. People now use nosocomial infections interchangeably with theterms health-care associated infections (HAIs) and hospital-acquired infections. For a HAI,the infection must not be present before someone has been under medical care.The responsibility of HAI prevention is with the healthcare facility. Hospitals andhealthcare staff should follow the recommended guidelines for sterilization anddisinfection. However, due to the nature of healthcare facilities, it’s impossible to eliminate100 percent of nosocomial infections.Prevention of nosocomial infections requires an integrated, monitored, programme whichincludes the following key components:(1.) limiting transmission of organisms between patients in direct patient care throughadequate handwashing and glove use, and appropriate aseptic practice, isolationstrategies, sterilization and disinfection practices, and laundry(2.) controlling environmental risks for infection(3.) protecting patients with appropriate use of prophylactic antimicrobials, nutrition,and vaccinations(4.) limiting the risk of endogenous infections by minimizing invasive procedure, andpromoting optimal antimicrobial use(5.) surveillance of infections, identifying and controlling outbreaks(6.) prevention of infection in staff members(7.) enhancing staff patient care practices, and continuing staff education.Infection control is the responsibility of all health care professionals — doctors, nurses,therapists, pharmacists, engineers and others.