scholarly journals ISLAMIC FASTING DURING RAMADAN WILL NEGATIVELY IMPACT ON PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Cellular Inflammation ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Immune System Functioning

The aim of this review is to prove Islamic Fasting during COVID-19 pandemic has negative effect on the spreading of the virus. Basically Water makes up about 60% of one’s body weight. Fasting in Islamic religion is to stop drinking and eating any kinds of food/drinks (Water). even a little amount is forbidden during this month (Ramadan) and the duration is almost 29-30 days. In this review, we have mentioned the impact of fasting in causing Organ/Cellular inflammation, dehydration, dampen cellular/body metabolism which reduces producing enough ATP by mitochondrion through citric acid cycle (CAC) which causes body and organ weakness, dizziness, tiredness and reduction in immune system functioning of the body and increasing the amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species in cells that increasing the possibility of contamination the fasted individual to several important diseases. Infectious diseases including microbial/viral diseases, high abnormal heart rate as a result of falling blood volume which put high pressure on heart and worsen heart disease. The humidity and temperature of the environment in spring time is also help spreading viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on evidences in this article, Islamic Fasting during the pandemic of COVID-19 will increase the rate of contaminated people.

scholarly journals Islamic Fasting During Ramadan will Negatively Impact on Pandemic of Covid-19 (Sars-Cov-2).

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Cellular Inflammation ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Immune System Functioning

Abstract The aim of this review is to prove Islamic Fasting during COVID-19 pandemic has negative effect on the spreading of the virus. Basically Water makes up about 60% of one’s body weight. Fasting in Islamic religion is to stop drinking and eating any kinds of food/drinks (Water). even a little amount is forbidden during this month (Ramadan) and the duration is almost 29-30 days. In this review, we have mentioned the impact of fasting in causing Organ/Cellular inflammation, dehydration, dampen cellular/body metabolism which reduces producing enough ATP by mitochondrion through citric acid cycle (CAC) which causes body and organ weakness, dizziness, tiredness and reduction in immune system functioning of the body and increasing the amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species in cells that increasing the possibility of contamination the fasted individual to several important diseases. Infectious diseases including microbial/viral diseases, high abnormal heart rate as a result of falling blood volume which put high pressure on heart and worsen heart disease. The humidity and temperature of the environment in spring time is also help spreading viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on evidences in this article, Islamic Fasting during the pandemic of COVID-19 will increase the rate of contaminated people.

scholarly journals Islamic Fasting during Ramadan will Negatively Impact on Pandemic of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Cellular Inflammation ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Immune System Functioning

The aim of this review is to prove Islamic Fasting during COVID-19 pandemic has negative effect on the spreading of the virus. Basically Water makes up about 60% of one’s body weight. Fasting in Islamic religion is to stop drinking and eating any kinds of food/drinks (Water). even a little amount is forbidden during this month (Ramadan) and the duration is almost 29-30 days. In this review, we have mentioned the impact of fasting in causing Organ/Cellular inflammation, dehydration, dampen cellular/body metabolism which reduces producing enough ATP by mitochondrion through citric acid cycle (CAC) which causes body and organ weakness, dizziness, tiredness and reduction in immune system functioning of the body and increasing the amounts of Reactive Oxygen Species in cells that increasing the possibility of contamination the fasted individual to several important diseases. Infectious diseases including microbial/viral diseases, high abnormal heart rate as a result of falling blood volume which put high pressure on heart and worsen heart disease. The humidity and temperature of the environment in spring time is also help spreading viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on evidences in this article, Islamic Fasting during the pandemic of COVID-19 will increase the rate of contaminated people.

A Systematic Review of the Impact of Sports on Body Posture in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164
Author(s):  
Lifu Xing ◽  
Sergey Popik
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Symmetrical Body ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Football Training ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: A correct body posture plays an important role in people’s health, especially for children and adolescents who are in intensive development. Exercise regularly can increase their health, but there is also an adverse influence on children and adolescents. Thus this review evaluates the impacts of basketball, volleyball, football, gymnast training on the body posture of adolescents. Methods: The literature collect was complete through databases which included Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. Eight of 480 studies met the inclusion criteria. The collecting articles have assessed the impact of the sport of basketball, volleyball, football, and gymnast on body posture. Result and Conclusion: According to the analysis, the sport of basketball and volleyball play a negative effect on adolescent’s body posture and deviation of body posture increase as training time longer. Further research is required to be done to investigate football training to affect body posture because no studies are confirming the effect of football on body posture. However, gymnast training showed a symmetrical body posture, but the changes of the spine in the sagittal plane in adolescents are worthy of attention. Therefore, it is important to notice that the training program not only aims at the outcome but also promote the harmonious development of the adolescent.

scholarly journals Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporter affect transport activity and protein expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (4) ◽  
pp. F704-F711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Pajor ◽  
Nina N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Substrate Selectivity ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
The Impact

The sodium-coupled transport of citric acid cycle intermediates in the intestine and kidney is mediated by the Na+-dicarboxylate cotransporter, NaDC1. In the kidney, NaDC1 plays an important role in regulating succinate and citrate concentrations in the urine, which may have physiological consequences including the development of kidney stones. In the present study, the impact of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on NaDC1 expression and function was characterized using the COS-7 cell heterologous expression system. The I550V variant had an increased sensitivity to lithium inhibition although there were no significant effects on protein abundance. The L44F variant had no significant effects on expression or function. The membrane protein abundance of the M45L, V117I, and F254L variants was decreased, with corresponding decreases in transport activity. The A310P variant had decreased protein abundance as well as a change in substrate selectivity. The P385S variant had a large decrease in succinate transport Vmax, as well as altered substrate selectivity, and a change in the protein glycosylation pattern. The most damaging variant was V477M, which had decreased affinity for both succinate and sodium. The V477M variant also exhibited stimulation by lithium, indicating a change in the high-affinity cation binding site. We conclude that most of the naturally occurring nonsynonymous SNPs affect protein processing of NaDC1, and several also affect functional properties. All of these mutations are predicted to decrease transport activity in vivo, which would result in decreased intestinal and renal absorption of citric acid cycle intermediates.

scholarly journals Impact of Protein Diet Supplements on Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mohammad Athar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Diet Supplements ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Day By Day

Protein supplements are one of the most commonly consumed nutritional supplements, whether by professional athletes or amateurs, even by those who use them for aesthetic purposes instead of sporting ones. The thirst for becoming better is increasing day by day and so is the quest for competition. Sports have been one of the greatest of platforms to showcase one’s talent, thus leading to constant hustle for getting better day by day. To improve the performance, diet and physical appearance of the body i.e. muscle growth of athletes, sports nutrient products are developed. The use of these protein supplements in diet has increased the physiological requirement of protein but whether the use of these supplements is having positive or negative effect on the host is still a topic of debate for many. Large amount of protein derived constituents end up in the large intestine in case of high protein diets as compared to medium or low protein diets, leading to more bacterial amino acid metabolism in colon having positive as well as negative effects on the host. We, here, will try to summarize the impact of protein diet supplements on athletes.

scholarly journals Impact of Lead on Reproductive Health of Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
S. S. Ostrovska ◽  
◽  
V. F. Shatorna ◽  
O. G. Slesarenko ◽  
P. G. Gerasymchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Impact

Lead does not succumb to biological decomposition, and its ability to accumulate in the body makes it a serious threat to the health of people and animals, while affecting the reproductive function. In most cases, poisoning with lead remains asymptomatic. In a number of studies the authors concluded that in men the level of lead in the blood more than >40 μg/dL leads to the disorder of reproductive functions, such as low libido, a small sperm volume, the amount of spermatozoa, an increase in the abnormal morphology of spermatozoa and decrease in their motility. Male factors are considered the main cause of infertility in 40% of infertile couples and contribute to the emergence of this state in combination with female factors in 20% of cases. The mechanisms of how lead causes male infertility are covered in depth. It is assumed that the basic effect on the reproductive function of men is likely to occur due to changes in the reproductive hormonal axis and hormonal control of spermatogenesis, and not due to direct toxic effects on the seminiferous tubules. The adverse effect of lead on the male reproductive function, especially at low doses (<10 μg/dl), has not been studied properly yet. The risk of lead poisoning is directly connected not only with an increase in concentration, but also with the duration of the impact of metal. There are a number of possible ways of how exposure of lead reduces male fertility. Lead, most likely, impairs the endocrine profile of regulation, mainly through the axis of the hypothalamus-pituitary testosterone, hereafter reduces the production of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles. At the same time, it acts as an endocrine destroyer, affecting hormones responsible for the production of sperm. In addition to changes in the reproductive hormone axis and hormonal control of spermatogenesis, the activity of enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase and potassium-sodium ATP-ase, direct toxic effects on the seminiferous tubules, the exposure time of the metal and its dose affect male infertility. Another problem associated with the reproductive toxicity of lead is determined by the excessive generation of the reactive oxygen species. It is known that the oxidative stress caused by lead is involved in the abnormal functions of spermatozoa and male infertility. The possibility to decrease lead level in the body using a number of methods, such as chelatotherapy, nano-encapsulation, use of N-acetylcysteine is considered. Conclusion. Based on animal studies, it seems to be rational to prescribe the corresponding antioxidants to persons suffering from abnormal parameters of spermatozoa and infertility due to the effects of lead. Antioxidants showed a protective effect on spermatogenesis on animal models and reduced reactive oxygen species in sperm and DNA fragmentation in studies in humans. Although there is no final evidence confirming the use of antioxidant additives in men with low fertility to improve fertility rates, it is believed that due to the low cost and a small number of side effects, antioxidants need to be recommended to men with insufficient fertility

scholarly journals Biological Impact of Exposure to Extremely Fine-Grained Volcanic Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Aguilera ◽  
Marco Viteri ◽  
Rachid Seqqat ◽  
Ligia Ayala Navarrette ◽  
Theofilos Toulkeridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biological Impact ◽  
Murine Lung ◽  
The Impact

At the northwestern edge of South America is located Ecuador. This place is a classical example of an active continental margin with widespread active volcanism. Detailed studies about the impact of volcanic ash on human health are still lacking. Therefore, the disease of exposed populations is unknown. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the biological impact of Pichincha volcanic ash on cell culture and inflammation in murine lung tissues that will contribute to the understanding of the hazards. In this study, the in vivo phase was performed in mice C57BL/6 exposed to several doses of volcanic ash (0.5, 1, and 3.75 mg/100 g mouse body weight). The body weight and survival were controlled during seven days of treatment. The expression of inflammation markers NRLP 3, caspase-1, pro-IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and h-HPRT was analyzed. The in vitro phase was performed in lung cancer cells A549, peritoneal macrophages, and McCoy cells exposing them to different concentrations of volcanic ash (80, 320, and 1280 μg/cm3) to determine the cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species. The ash initiated activation of the inflammasome complex NRLP 3 and the initiation of a proinflammatory activity in the murine lung tissue depending on the concentration of this agent. The viability of A549 and McCoy cell decreased with the length of exposure and increased with the concentration of volcanic ash. The activity in superoxide dismutase decreased by about 60%, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species. These results associated with compounds contained in Pichincha volcanic ash are considered hazardous elements which induce inflammation leading to activate inflammasome NRLP, releasing reactive oxygen species, and producing changes in cell morphology and density, all of which are expression of cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON HEALTH IMPACT OF HAZARDOUS AND SAFEST TRADITIONAL COOKWARE WITH AYURVEDIC APPROACH

AYUSHDHARA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 2559-2566
Author(s):  
Charu Bansal ◽  
Saleha Zaina ◽  
Vinod Parihar
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Human is evolved and nourished by food so food has been given the prime importance since Vedic period, but if our food itself is polluted then how the development of health hazards can be prevented or checked. The contamination of food is a major concern especially for developing countries like India. Today, society are very careful about the selection of food but unfortunately attention has not been given about selection of cookware and the impact of these cooking utensils on health. Number of good looking cookware sets are made by very dangerous material and coated by toxic chemicals to. Most commonly used cookware sets are Aluminum, Plastic and Non-stick cookware. During cooking process these cookware sets releases many hazardous substances like Teflon, BPA, Aluminum etc., which contaminates food and ultimately reaches to the body and linked as a causative factor for many diseases like Cancer, Alzheimer's disease etc. According to FDA materials that are used to make utensils should not allow to migrate into food. Though, traditionally Earthen pots, Cast- iron, glass, bamboo and copper, stone cookware sets were in use. Those were added therapeutic value in the cooked food. Thus, attention must be needed to choose the correct utensils for cooking which should be safe and beneficial for health. In Ayurveda during the description of eight dietary principles, importance of Vasana (utensils) is mentioned under the description of Karana (processing techniques of food items). Ayurveda believes that container helps in transformation of qualities of food items. Different kinds of utensils had been shown both positive and negative effect on body. Hence, this article makes an attempt to gathered data and compiled to find the health impacts of newly evolved as well as traditional cookware options in society.

scholarly journals N-Acetyl Cysteine Abrogates Silver-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Cells Without Altering Silver-based Antimicrobial Activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kush N. Shah ◽  
Parth N. Shah ◽  
Andrew R. Mullen ◽  
Qingquan Chen ◽  
Ralph J. DeBerardinis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Silver Toxicity ◽  
Lung Infections

AbstractSilver-based antimicrobials are widely used topically to treat infections associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Expanding this topical use to aerosols to treat lung infections requires understanding and preventing silver toxicity in the respiratory tract. A key mechanism resulting in silver-induced toxicity is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we have verified ROS generation in silver-treated bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells prompting evaluation of three antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid, and melatonin, to identify potential prophylactic agents. Among them, NAC was the only candidate that abrogated the ROS generation in response to silver exposure resulting in the rescue of these cells from silver-associated toxicity. Further, this protective effect directly translated to restoration of metabolic activity, as demonstrated by the normal levels of citric acid cycle metabolites in NAC-pretreated silver-exposed cells. As a result of the normalized citric acid cycle, cells pre-incubated with NAC demonstrated significantly higher levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels compared with NAC-free controls. Moreover, we found that this prodigious capacity of NAC to rescue silver-exposed cells was due not only to its antioxidant activity, but also to its ability to directly bind silver. Despite binding to silver, NAC did not alter the antimicrobial activity of silver.ImportanceAlthough silver is a potent, broad-spectrum antibiotic, silver-induced toxicity, primarily due to generation of ROS, remains a concern limiting its use beyond treatment of wounds. NAC has been widely used as an antioxidant to rescue eukaryotic cells from metal-associated toxicity. Thus, we have evaluated the capacity of NAC to abrogate silver toxicity in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) as a step towards expanding the use of silver-based antimicrobials to treat lung infections. We found that NAC pre-incubation resurrects a healthy metabolic state in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to silver ions via a combination of its antioxidant and metal-binding properties. Finally, this ability of NAC to rescue silver-exposed eukaryotic cells does not alter the antimicrobial activity of silver. Thus, a silver-NAC combination holds tremendous potential as a future, non-toxic antimicrobial agent.

scholarly journals Nutrient-related metabolite profiles explain differences in body composition and size in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from different lakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tokuma Negisho Bayissa ◽  
Michelle Geerardyn ◽  
Donna Vanhauteghem ◽  
Mulugeta Wakjira ◽  
Geert Paul Jules Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Fat Composition

AbstractThis study investigated how metabolite analysis can explain differences in tissue composition and size in fish from different habitats. We, therefore, studied Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from three Ethiopian lakes (Gilgel Gibe, Ziway, and Langano) using dried bloodspot (DBS) analysis of carnitine esters and free amino acids. A total of sixty (N = 60) Nile tilapia samples were collected comprising twenty (n = 20) fish from each lake. The proximate composition of the targeted tissues (muscle, skin, gill, gut, and liver) were analyzed. The DBS samples were analyzed for acylcarnitine and free amino acid profiles using quantitative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolite ratios were calculated from relevant biochemical pathways that could identify relative changes in nutrient metabolism. The mean weight of Nile tilapia sampled from each lake showed weight variation among the lakes, fish from Lake Ziway were largest (178 g), followed by Gilgel Gibe reservoir (134 g) and Lake Langano (118 g). Fish from Gilgel Gibe showed significantly higher fat composition in all tissues (P < 0.05) except the liver in which no significant variation was observed. The source of fish affected the tissue fat composition. Marked differences were observed in Nile tilapia metabolic activity between the lakes. For instance, the lower body weight and condition of the fish in Lake Langano coincided with several metabolite ratios pointing to a low flow of glucogenic substrate to the citric acid cycle. The low propionyl to acetylcarnitine ratio (C3:C2) in Gilgel Gibe fish is indicating that more of the available acetyl CoA is not led into the citric acid cycle, but instead will be used for fat synthesis. The metabolic markers for lipogenesis and metabolic rate could explain the high-fat concentration in several parts of the body composition of fish from Gilgel Gibe. Our results show that nutrition-related blood metabolite ratios are useful to understand the underlying metabolic events leading to the habitat-dependent differences in the growth of Nile tilapia, and by extension, other species.

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