scholarly journals Management of Septoria leaf spot disease in tomato at Bhaktapur.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Khyaju ◽  
G. K. C. ◽  
R. Timila ◽  
S. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Abstract A farmers' field survey was conducted during 2014 in Bhaktapur district to study socioeconomic status, agricultural practices and occurrence of Septoria Leaf Spot (Septoria lycopersici Mill.) of tomato and its management practices using random sampling of 25 respondents. Field experiment on management of Septoria Leaf Spot was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and four replications. The six treatments were (i) Astha Killer 15 (Azadirachta indica) 1500 ppm, (ii) Cow Urine (@ 5% concentration of cow urine; solar activation for 48 hours), (iii) Neem (2 ml/l water) + cow urine (5%) (1:1 ratio; final solution of 2 ml/l water), (iv) Chlorothalonil @ 2.5 gm/lt water, (v) Mancozeb (@ 2.5 gm/lt water), and (vi) control (water). Majority of farmers (70%) raised seedlings by themselves. Septoria Leaf Spot disease was the third important disease after Late Blight and viral disease. Septoria Leaf Spot disease was found in farms of 84% respondents. Septoria Leaf Spot symptom was found in leaf and both in leaf and stem in 47.62% and 52.38% respondents respectively. The disease incidence in field of 85.71% respondents was since 1-2 years. Higher relative humidity, higher precipitation and higher temperature were congenial for disease development. 80% of the respondents used synthetic fungicides for controlling the disease, where Mancozeb and Chlorothalonil were used by 44% and 20% respectively. Mancozeb was found most effective in controlling disease, followed by Chlorothalonil. Among the botanical treatments, Neem (2 ml/l water) + Cow urine (5%) was found effective in disease control than other two botanical treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Botanical Extracts and Organic Compound in The Management of Leaf Spot Disease of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Caused by Pestalotia longisetula under Field Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Beautina Karki ◽  
Hom Prasad Sitaula ◽  
Sandesh Bhandari ◽  
Pramod Gairhe ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Stem Lesions

A field experiment was carried out using sweet sensation variety of strawberry to check the efficacy of different botanical extracts and organic compounds to manage leaf spot disease. The study was done using ten treatments viz; ginger (T1), turmeric (T2), garlic (T3), ginger + turmeric + garlic (T4), cow urine (T5), cow urine+ ginger + turmeric + garlic (T6), compost tea (T7), compost tea+ ginger+ turmeric+ garlic (T8), SAAF (mancozeb 63 % + carbendazim 12%) (T9) and control (T10), which was replicated thrice. The parameter observed during experiment were plant height, leaf number, disease leaves, stem lesions, yield, percent disease incidence, disease severity percent and percent disease control. At 75 days of transplantation, the highest plant height, leaf number (24.60) and yield (1391.67 gm/plot) were observed in treatment compost tea (18.14 cm), cow urine+ ginger+ turmeric+ garlic and garlic respectively and lowest in treatment control (16.19 cm, 23.27 & 566.67 gm/plot). The disease leaves and stem lesions were observed highest in treatment control (3.40&3.23) and lowest in treatments garlic (3.0), and cow urine+ ginger+ turmeric+ garlic (1.83) respectively at 75 days after transplantation. Moreover, the highest percent disease incidence and disease severity percent were observed highest in treatments control (28.94% & 84.81%) and percent disease control in treatment garlic (42.36%) at 75 days of transplantation. Therefore, it is suggested to use garlic extracts as a measure to control leaf spot disease of strawberry. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 193-202.

scholarly journals Suppression of Septoria Leaf Spot Disease of Tomato Using Aerated Compost Tea

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 831D-831
Author(s):  
Chandrappa Gangaiah* ◽  
Edward E. Carey ◽  
Ned A. Tisserat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Compost teas, made using an aerated brewing process, have been reported to have potential for controlling a range of plant diseases and improving crop health. Septoria leaf spot of tomato, caused by the fungus Septoria lycopersici, is a common and destructive disease of tomato in Kansas. A field trial was conducted at Wichita, Kansas during Summer 2003 to evaluate the potential of pre-plant compost, and compost tea applied as a foliar spray or through drip fertigation, to control Septoria leaf spot of tomato. The experimental design included three factors: Pre-plant application of 13N-13P-13K or vermicompost; fertigation with CaNO3 or compost tea; and foliar spray with compost tea, fungicide (Dithane) or water. A split plot design was used with fertigation treatments as main plots and the other two factors as sub-plots. There were 3 replications. Tomato cultivar Merced was used and individual plots consisted of 5 plants grown on beds covered with red plastic mulch and supported by stake and weave system. Aerated compost tea was brewed weekly using a vermicompost-based recipe including alfalfa pellets, molasses, humic acid, fish emulsion and yucca extract and applied to plots starting 2 weeks after transplanting. Disease incidence and severity were recorded weekly for 3 weeks following the appearance of disease. Plots were harvested twice weekly and counts of No. 1, No 2 and cull grade tomatoes were recorded. There were no effects of pre-plant or fertigation treatments on Septoria leaf spot disease, but there was a significant effect due to foliar sprays, with mean severity of compost-tea-sprayed plots (26.3%) and fungicide-sprayed plots (31.9%) significantly lower than water-sprayed plots (45.9%) at trial termination.

scholarly journals Incidence of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Cercosporidium personatum in Resistant, Susceptible and Hybridized Population of Groundnut Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
M. C. Kottayi ◽  
D. D. Saoji ◽  
S. E. Pawar ◽  
A. D. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Mutant Lines

The disease incidence of Cercosporidium personatum in field was analysed in the hybridized population derived from the resistant mutant lines of the cultivar ICGV-87304 and TAG-24 & TG-26. Reciprocal crosses were performed using the same parents. The comparison of disease incidence in hybridized population was made with resistant cultivar Girnar-1. Susceptible parents TAG-24 and TG-26 showed disease incidence of 14.08 and 16.40%, respectively while Girnar-1 and the resistant mutant parents showed percentage infection ranging from 0.06-0.96%. The plants raised from the hybridized population showed the percent infection ranging from 0.01 to 0.02 %.

scholarly journals Pendeteksian Septoria pada Tanaman Tomat dengan Metode Deep Learning berbasis Raspberry Pi

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Kahlil Muchtar ◽  
Chairuman ◽  
Yudha Nurdin ◽  
Afdhal Afdhal
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

much needed to meet the needs of both industry and households. However, tomato plants still require serious handling in increasing the yields. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that the number of tomatoes produced is not in accordance with a large number of market demands, resulting from the decrease of tomato yields. One of the obstacles in increasing tomato production is that the crops are attacked by septoria leaf spot disease due to the fungus or the fungus Septoria Lycopersici Speg. Most farmers have limited knowledge of the early symptoms, which are not obvious, and also facing difficulty in detecting this disease earlier. The problem has been causing disadvantages such as crop failure or plant death. Based on this problem, a study will be conducted with the aim of designing a tool that can be used to detect septoria leaf spot disease based on deep learning using the Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNets or CNN) model, where an algorithm that resembles human nerves is one of the supervised learning and widely used for solving linear and non-linear problems. In addition, the researcher used the Raspberry Pi as a microcontroller and used the Intel Movidius Neural Computing Stick (NCS) which functions to speed up the computing process so that the detection process is easier because of its portable, fast and accurate nature. The average accuracy rate is 95.89% with detection accuracy between 84.22% to 100%.  

scholarly journals First report of banana (Musa acuminate L. AAA Cavendish, cv. Formosana) leaf spot disease caused by Curvularia geniculata in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxiang Qi ◽  
Yanping Fu ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
Fanyun Zeng ◽  
Yanwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease

Banana (Musa acuminate L.) is an important tropical fruit in China. During 2019-2020, a new leaf spot disease was observed on banana (M. acuminate L. AAA Cavendish, cv. Formosana) at two orchards of Chengmai county (19°48ʹ41.79″ N, 109°58ʹ44.95″ E), Hainan province, China. In total, the disease incidence was about 5% of banana trees (6 000 trees). The leaf spots occurred sporadically and were mostly confined to the leaf margin, and the percentage of the leaf area covered by lesions was less than 1%. Symptoms on the leaves were initially reddish brown spots that gradually expanded to ovoid-shaped lesions and eventually become necrotic, dry, and gray with a yellow halo. The conidia obtained from leaf lesions were brown, erect or curved, fusiform or elliptical, 3 to 4 septa with dimensions of 13.75 to 31.39 µm × 5.91 to 13.35 µm (avg. 22.39 × 8.83 µm). The cells of both ends were small and hyaline while the middle cells were larger and darker (Zhang et al. 2010). Morphological characteristics of the conidia matched the description of Curvularia geniculata (Tracy & Earle) Boedijn. To acquire the pathogen, tissue pieces (15 mm2) of symptomatic leaves were surface disinfected in 70% ethanol (10 s) and 0.8% NaClO (2 min), rinsed in sterile water three times, and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) for three days at 28°C. Grayish green fungal colonies appeared, and then turned fluffy with grey and white aerial mycelium with age. Two representative isolates (CATAS-CG01 and CATAS-CG92) of single-spore cultures were selected for molecular identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from the two isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were amplified and sequenced with universal primers ITS1/ITS4, LROR/LR5, GPD1/GPD2, EF1-983F/EF1-2218R and 5F2/7cR, respectively (Huang et al. 2017; Raza et al. 2019). The sequences were deposited in GenBank (MW186196, MW186197, OK091651, OK721009 and OK491081 for CATAS-CG01; MZ734453, MZ734465, OK091652, OK721100 and OK642748 for CATAS-CG92, respectively). For phylogenetic analysis, MEGA7.0 (Kumar et al. 2016) was used to construct a Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree with 1 000 bootstrap replicates, based on a concatenation alignment of five gene sequences of the two isolates in this study as well as sequences of other Curvularia species obtained from GenBank. The cluster analysis revealed that isolates CATAS-CG01 and CATAS-CG92 were C. geniculata. Pathogenicity assays were conducted on 7-leaf-old banana seedlings. Two leaves from potted plants were stab inoculated by puncturing into 1-mm using a sterilized needle and placing 10 μl conidial suspension (2×106 conidia/ml) on the surface of wounded leaves and equal number of leaves were inoculated with sterile distilled water serving as control (three replicates). Inoculated plants were grown in the greenhouse (12 h/12 h light/dark, 28°C, 90% relative humidity). Necrotic lesions on inoculated leaves appeared seven days after inoculation, whereas control leaves remained healthy. The fungus was recovered from inoculated leaves, and its taxonomy was confirmed morphologically and molecularly, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. C. geniculata has been reported to cause leaf spot on banana in Jamaica (Meredith, 1963). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. geniculata on banana in China.

scholarly journals First Report of a Leaf Spot on Snow Lotus Caused by Alternaria carthami in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-318
Author(s):  
S. Zhao ◽  
G. Xie ◽  
H. Zhao ◽  
H. Li ◽  
C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Tianshan Mountain ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Saussurea Involucrata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Snow Lotus

Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata Karel. & Kir. ex Sch. Bip.) is an economically important medicinal herb increasingly grown in China in recent years. In June of 2005, a leaf spot disease on commercially grown plants was found in the QiTai Region, south of the Tianshan Mountain area of Xinjiang, China at 2,100 m above sea level. Disease incidence was approximately 60 to 70% of the plants during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Initial symptoms appeared on older leaves as irregularly shaped, minute, dark brown-to-black spots, with yellow borders on the edge of the leaflet blade by July. As the disease progressed, the lesions expanded, causing the leaflets to turn brown, shrivel, and die. A fungus was consistently isolated from the margins of these lesions on potato dextrose agar. Fifty-eight isolates were obtained that produced abundant conidia in the dark. Conidia were usually solitary, rarely in chains of two, ellipsoid to obclavate, with 6 to 11 transverse and one longitudinal or oblique septum. Conidia measured 60 to 80 × 20 to 30 μm, including a filamentous beak (13 to 47 × 3.5 to 6 μm). According to the morphology, and when compared with the standard reference strains, the causal organism of leaf spot of snow lotus was identified as Alternaria carthami (1,4). Pathogenicity of the strains was tested on snow lotus seedlings at the six-leaf stage. The lower leaves of 20 plants were sprayed until runoff with conidial suspensions of 1 × 104 spores mL–1, and five plants sprayed with sterile distilled water served as controls. All plants were covered with a polyethylene bag, incubated at 25°C for 2 days, and subsequently transferred to a growth chamber at 25°C with a 16-h photoperiod. Light brown lesions developed within 10 days on leaflet margins in all inoculated plants. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated leaves, and isolates were deposited at the Key Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Xinjiang and the Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University. No reports of a spot disease caused by A. carthami on snow lotus leaves have been found, although this pathogen has been reported on safflower in western Canada (3), Australia (2), India (1), and China (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot caused by A. carthami on snow lotus in China. References: (1) S. Chowdhury. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 23:59, 1944. (2) J. A. G. Irwin. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 16:921, 1976. (3) G. A. Petrie. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 54:155, 1974. (4) T. Y. Zhang. J. Yunnan Agric. Univ.17:320, 2002.

scholarly journals First Report of a Leaf Spot Disease of Bells-of-Ireland (Moluccella laevis) Caused by Cercospora apii in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
S. T. Koike ◽  
S. A. Tjosvold ◽  
J. Z. Groenewald ◽  
P. W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Bells-of-Ireland (Moluccella laevis) (Lamiaceae) is an annual plant that is field planted in coastal California (Santa Cruz County) for commercial cutflower production. In 2001, a new leaf spot disease was found in these commercially grown cutflowers. The disease was most serious in the winter-grown crops in 2001 and 2002, with a few plantings having as much as 100% disease incidence. All other plantings that were surveyed during this time had at least 50% disease. Initial symptoms consisted of gray-green leaf spots. Spots were generally oval in shape, often delimited by the major leaf veins, and later turned tan. Lesions were apparent on both adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaves. A cercosporoid fungus having fasciculate conidiophores, which formed primarily on the abaxial leaf surface, was consistently associated with the spots. Based on morphology and its host, this fungus was initially considered to be Cercospora molucellae Bremer & Petr., which was previously reported on leaves of M. laevis in Turkey (1). However, sequence data obtained from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2) and the 5.8S gene (STE-U 5110, 5111; GenBank Accession Nos. AY156918 and AY156919) indicated there were no base pair differences between the bells-of-Ireland isolates from California, our own reference isolates of C. apii, as well as GenBank sequences deposited as C. apii. Based on these data, the fungus was subsequently identified as C. apii sensu lato. Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying a conidial suspension (1.0 × 105 conidia/ml) on leaves of potted bells-of-Ireland plants, incubating the plants in a dew chamber for 24 h, and maintaining them in a greenhouse (23 to 25°C). After 2 weeks, all inoculated plants developed leaf spots that were identical to those observed in the field. C. apii was again associated with all leaf spots. Control plants, which were treated with water, did not develop any symptoms. The test was repeated and the results were similar. To our knowledge this is the first report of C. apii as a pathogen of bells-of-Ireland in California. Reference: (1) C. Chupp. A Monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1954.

scholarly journals First Report of Leaf Spot Disease Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Chinese Bean Tree in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Z. Fu ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
G. Y. Li ◽  
J. R. Wu ◽  
J. Z. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis

Chinese bean tree, Catalpa fargesii f. duciouxii (Dode) Gilmour, is an ornamental arbor plant. Its roots, leaves, and flowers have long been used for medicinal purposes in China. During July 2010, severe outbreaks of leaf spot disease on this plant occurred in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The disease incidence was greater than 90%. The symptoms on leaves began as dark brown lesions surrounded by chlorotic halos, and later became larger, round or irregular spots with gray to off-white centers surrounded by dark brown margins. Leaf tissues (3 × 3 mm), cut from the margins of lesions, were surface disinfected in 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 3 min, rinsed three times in sterile water, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 28°C. The same fungus was consistently isolated from the diseased leaves. Colonies of white-to-dark gray mycelia formed on PDA, and were slightly brown on the underside of the colony. The hyphae were achromatic, branching, septate, and 4.59 (±1.38) μm in diameter on average. Perithecia were brown to black, globose in shape, and 275.9 to 379.3 × 245.3 to 344.8 μm. Asci that formed after 3 to 4 weeks in culture were eight-spored, clavate to cylindrical. The ascospores were fusiform, slightly curved, unicellular and hyaline, and 13.05 to 24.03 × 10.68 to 16.02 μm. PCR amplification was carried out by utilizing universal rDNA-ITS primer pair ITS4/ITS5 (2). Sequencing of the PCR products of DQ1 (GenBank Accession No. JN165746) revealed 99% similarity (100% coverage) with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates (GenBank Accession No. FJ456938.1, No. EU326190.1, No. DQ682572.1, and No. AY423474.1). Phylogenetic analyses (MEGA 4.1) using the neighbor-joining (NJ) algorithm placed the isolate in a well-supported cluster (>90% bootstrap value based on 1,000 replicates) with other C. gloeosporioides isolates. The pathogen was identified as C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. (teleomorph Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld & H. Schrenk) based on the morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis (1). To confirm pathogenicity, Koch's postulates were performed on detached leaves of C. fargesii f. duciouxii, inoculated with a solution of 1.0 × 106 conidia per ml. Symptoms similar to the original ones started to appear after 10 days, while untreated leaves remained healthy. The inoculation assay used three leaves for untreated and six leaves for treated. The experiments were repeated once. C. gloeosporioides was consistently reisolated from the diseased tissue. C. gloeosporioides is distributed worldwide causing anthracnose on a wide variety of plants (3). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing leaf spots on C. fargesii f. duciouxii in China. References: (1) B. C. Sutton. Page 1 in: Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control. CAB International. Wallingford, UK, 1992. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990. (3) J. Yan et al. Plant Dis. 95:880, 2011.

scholarly journals Evaluation of garlic, BAU-biofungicide, bion and chemical fungicides in controlling leaf spot of Taro

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
MAS Sohag ◽  
MT Hossen ◽  
MS Monjil
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Garlic extract @ 10%, BAU-Biofungicide @ 2%, Bion@ 0.2%, Bavistin DF (Carbendazim) @ 0.1% and Proud 250EC (Propiconazole) @ 0.1%  for controlling leaf spot disease of taro (Colocasia esculenta). Performance of these treatments was assessed by applying as cormel treatment and foliar spray. Cormel treatment under field experiment was found effective for BAU-Biofungicide and Proud 250EC. Bavistin DF and Proud 250EC was more effective than other treatments in increasing plant height and healthy leaves, and in decreasing spotted and dead leaves. Before foliar spraying, BAU-Biofungicide as cormel treatment reduced the disease incidence (46.19%) and severity (25.28%) of taro leaf spot at 180 days after sowing. As foliar spray all the treatments has significant effect on taro leaf spot. Among the treatments BAU-Biofungicide was found superior to control leaf spot of taro. BAU-Biofungicide resulted maximum reduction of disease incidence and severity and increase in number of healthy leaf followed by Bion and Proud 250EC. BAU-Biofungicide showed enhanced results in terms of disease incidence and severity of leaf spot of Taro before and after foliar spraying.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 167--173, 2017

scholarly journals Effective Biomass Reduction of the Invasive Weed Species Banana Poka by Septoria Leaf Spot

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo E. Trujillo ◽  
Chris Kadooka ◽  
Victor Tanimoto ◽  
Steve Bergfeld ◽  
Glenn Shishido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Inoculations of Septoria passiflorae for biological control of banana poka (Passiflora tripartita var. tripartita) at different forest sites in Hawaii, Kauai, and Maui resulted in successful establishment of the Septoria leaf spot disease at all sites during 1996. Semi-annual monitoring of sites in 1997 revealed low disease incidence and no disease spread to adjacent non-inoculated plants. Site inspections in March 1998 revealed light disease epidemics causing visible defoliation at inoculated sites on Kauai and Maui. Banana poka biomass reduction at sites with light epidemics of the disease in Kauai and Maui were estimated to be less than 10% in 1998, whereas in 1999 biomass reduction ranged from 50 to 95%. Five of 11 inoculation sites in 1996 on the island of Hawaii showed no disease. These five sites on Kaloko had frequent acid rainfall averaging 3.2 pH, which inhibited spore germination and infection. Six sites, free of acid rain, three at Hilo Forest Reserve and three at Puuwaawaa Wildlife Sanctuary, had severe disease epidemics by 1998, and vine defoliation was >90%. Widespread epidemics of the disease occurred in 1999, resulting in estimated 80 to 95% biomass reductions in more than 2,000 hectares of native forest infested with banana poka.

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