scholarly journals Influence of seed set on apple symmetry assessed by image analysis: an overlooked effect of pollination on fruit shape.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Carisio ◽  
Sara Straffon Díaz ◽  
Aulo Manino ◽  
Marco Porporato
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Longitudinal Plane ◽  
Large Size

Abstract The role of pollination ecosystem service on crop yield and some quality parameters have been largely studied. Nevertheless, the effect of pollination on fruit appearance is still a poorly explored field and it has been assessed by means of oversimplified measurements. Here, we developed an image analysis tool to test the hypothesis that pollination greatly affects the symmetry of one of the most consumed fruit worldwide: the apple. The hypothesis was tested for three commercial classes separately, to understand whether the pollination effect was consistent among classes. We also compared the performance of the image analysis tool with a simplified symmetry measurement that has been previously used. Finally, the effect of pollination on apple symmetry was compared with the effect on weight. We quantified the amount of non-symmetrical area of harvested Gala cultivar apples using two-dimension images of fruits sectioned along the longitudinal plane. We showed that increasing pollination led to significant increase of apple symmetry. The image analysis tool resulted more precise to assess the pollination effect on fruit symmetry than the previously used symmetry measurement, leading to the conclusion that pollination effect on apple shape has been probably overlooked because of the use of oversimplified symmetry measures. The effect of pollination on apple symmetry was not consistent among commercial classes since it resulted significant for little and medium size apples but unimportant for large size apples. Differently from the symmetry, apple weight appeared as not influenced by the pollination. Our findings suggest that the effect of pollination on fruit production should be assessed taking into account different variables and different commercial classes of apple.

scholarly journals Quantifying plasticity in vessel grouping – added value from the image analysis tool ROXAS

IAWA Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg von Arx ◽  
Christoph Kueffer ◽  
Patrick Fonti
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Vessel Size ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
High Degree

The functional role of the connectivity of the xylem network, especially the arrangement of solitary and grouped vessels in a cross section, has often been discussed in the literature. Vessel grouping may improve hydraulic integration and increase resilience to cavitation through redundancy of hydraulic pathways. Alternatively, a high degree of hydraulic integration may facilitate the spread of cavitations among neighboring vessels. Here we show how automated image analysis tools such as ROXAS (see www.wsl.ch/roxas) may greatly enhance the capacity for studying vessel grouping while avoiding some methodological limitations of previous approaches. We tested the new analysis techniques by comparing the xylem network of two populations of the herbaceous species Verbascum thapsus collected at a dry and moist site on Big Island (Hawaii, USA). ROXAS accurately, objectively and reproducibly detected grouped and solitary vessels in high-resolution images of entire root cross sections, and calculated different and partly novel vessel grouping parameters, e.g. the percentage of grouped (vs. solitary) vessels among different vessel size classes. Individuals at the dry site showed a higher degree of vessel grouping, less solitary vessels, greater maximum vessel sizes and an increase of the percentage of grouped vessels with increasing vessel size. The potential, but also some limitations of automated image analysis and the proposed novel parameters are discussed.

AISI TYPE S2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Hard Case ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type

Abstract AISI Type S2 is a water-hardening tool steel with extreme toughness and resistance to shock loading. Even at a hardness of Rockwell C 59-60, it will bend before it breaks. When hardened in medium-size and large-size pieces, it acquires a hard case and a tough core. Sizes under 3/4-inch (19mm) diameter will water harden to the center. The extreme toughness of Type S2 makes it suitable for use in many applications where no other tool steel will hold up. Its many uses include chisels, rivet busters, spike mauls, screw drivers, punches and sledges. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-408. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

Considerations of the technological quality assessment of sugarbeet

2011 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pezzi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Interesting Correlation ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Thick Juice

No real improvement in the technological quality of beet has been recorded over the last 15 years in Northern Italy. Among the possible explanations for the quality stagnation is that the traditional formulae cannot correctly differentiate between sugarbeet varieties which produce thick juice of very high purity. This seems to be connected with the role of potassium. The use of a standard purification procedure gives reliable and accurate data which is immediately comparable with the factory data. Research projects on medium/long term storage are currently being performed by Co.Pro.B., Italy, in cooperation with Syngenta and Beta. Up to now the results have shown that storage of sugarbeet in autumn time in northern Italy is possible provided that suitable varieties and proper handling of the roots are employed. Results obtained in the storage trials are reported. Correlations have been found between quality parameters (purity, color and lime salts) of the purified juice with the glucose content of the raw juice. An interesting correlation is reported between purified juice purity and raw juice purity.

Central ossifying fibroma of mandible

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e239286
Author(s):  
Kumar Nilesh ◽  
Prashant Punde ◽  
Nitin Shivajirao Patil ◽  
Amol Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Ossifying Fibroma ◽  
Mandible Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Osseous Lesion ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare, benign, fibro-osseous lesion of the jawbone characterised by replacement of the normal bone with fibrous tissue. The fibrous tissue shows varying amount of calcified structures resembling bone and/or cementum. The central variant of OF is rare, and shows predilection for mandible among the jawbone. Although it is classified as fibro-osseous lesion, it clinically behaves as a benign tumour and can grow to large size, causing bony swelling and facial asymmetry. This paper reports a case of large central OF of mandible in a 40-year-old male patient. The lesion was treated by segmental resection of mandible. Reconstruction of the surgical defect was done using avascular fibula bone graft. Role of three-dimensional printing of jaw and its benefits in surgical planning and reconstruction are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Rasmus C. Ellegard ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Morten B. Randers ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Game Format

The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs 4 (M4) and 5 vs 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4;1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6;2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.

scholarly journals Alignment of Au nanorods along de novo designed protein nanofibers studied with automated image analysis

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muammer Y. Yaman ◽  
Kathryn N. Guye ◽  
Maxim Ziatdinov ◽  
Hao Shen ◽  
David Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Au Nanorods

In this study, we focus on exploring the directional assembly of anisotropic Au nanorods along de novo designed 1D protein nanofiber templates using automated image analysis tool.

scholarly journals The Constantly Evolving Role of Medical Image Processing in Oncology: From Traditional Medical Image Processing to Imaging Biomarkers and Radiomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Kostas Marias
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Medical Image Processing ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Precision Oncology

The role of medical image computing in oncology is growing stronger, not least due to the unprecedented advancement of computational AI techniques, providing a technological bridge between radiology and oncology, which could significantly accelerate the advancement of precision medicine throughout the cancer care continuum. Medical image processing has been an active field of research for more than three decades, focusing initially on traditional image analysis tasks such as registration segmentation, fusion, and contrast optimization. However, with the advancement of model-based medical image processing, the field of imaging biomarker discovery has focused on transforming functional imaging data into meaningful biomarkers that are able to provide insight into a tumor’s pathophysiology. More recently, the advancement of high-performance computing, in conjunction with the availability of large medical imaging datasets, has enabled the deployment of sophisticated machine learning techniques in the context of radiomics and deep learning modeling. This paper reviews and discusses the evolving role of image analysis and processing through the lens of the abovementioned developments, which hold promise for accelerating precision oncology, in the sense of improved diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning of cancer.

The Entrepreneurship Educator: Understanding Role Identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 251512742097966
Author(s):  
Birgitte Wraae ◽  
Candida Brush ◽  
Shahrokh Nikou
Keyword(s):  
Role Identity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Role Identity Theory ◽  
Depth Interviews

Significant research explores effectiveness of entrepreneurial curriculum, teaching innovations and programs, but less often studied is the role of entrepreneurship educators. The way that the educator sees his or her role relative to the students is of critical importance because this directly influences pedagogy choices, expectations for students and learning outcomes, as well as job satisfaction. While recent studies propose typologies characterizing pedagogical approaches of educators, few of these are based on the data from entrepreneurship educators. Framed within role identity theory, we conducted 13 in–depth interviews to examine how entrepreneurship educators perceive their role. Using the qualitative data analysis tool (NVivo), we analyzed how the relationship between their perceptions of their role and core value orientation is connected to teaching approaches. Results show that these educators view their roles as teacher-focused, network-focused, or student-focused and that these perspectives are associated with different perceptions of students’ role and learning objectives. Further, we find different levels of emphasis on roles and that personal core values are differentially linked to these roles. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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