scholarly journals Remediation measures for mitigating degraded properties of a clayey soil caused by treated wastewater irrigation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diriba Bane Nemera ◽  
Guy J. Levy ◽  
Shabtai Cohen ◽  
Moshe Shenker ◽  
David Yalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Control Treatment

Abstract Long-term irrigation of clayey soils with treated wastewater (TWW) has significant negative effects on soil physicochemical properties and the performance of various orchards, including avocado. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of four different mitigation practices on the dynamics and the spatial changes in selected soil properties, following long term irrigation with TWW. The experiment was conducted in a commercial fruit-bearing 'Hass' avocado orchard (Persea americana Mill.) grown on a clayey soil irrigated with TWW since 2009. The mitigation measures, each in 6 replicates, were implemented in 2016 and included the following treatments: freshwater (FW), blended TWW: FW in a 1:1 ratio (MIX), low-frequency TWW-irrigation (LFI), TWW irrigated tuff trenches (TUF) and TWW as the control treatment. The results showed that FW and MIX significantly reduced total salinity (EC), specific salinity related ions (Na and Cl), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) to (i) a depth of 90 cm and 30 cm under drippers, respectively, and (ii) a depth of 60 cm except for chloride and 30 cm between drippers, respectively compared with TWW. Moreover, FW significantly increased aggregate stability to a depth of 30 cm. TUF and LFI reduced soil salinity and sodicity under drippers but not between drippers compared with TWW. TUF increased oxygen concentration in the root zone (35-cm depth) compared with all other treatments. Considering the scarcity of FW, MIX and TUF can be suggested as mitigating measures for reducing soil salinity and sodicity, and increasing poor aeration of clayey soil under long term irrigation with TWW, respectively.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Schacht ◽  
Bernd Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

Development and application of long-term root zone salt balance model for predicting soil salinity in arid shallow water table area

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 486-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanfang Sun ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Ming Ye ◽  
Jinzhong Yang ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Salt Balance ◽  
Shallow Water Table

Resizing irrigation management for TWW quality with a physically-based model to preserve soil quality: A case study in Beit Dajan-Palestine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Dragonetti ◽  
Nabeeh Isleem ◽  
Roula Khadra
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Root Uptake ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Physically Based

<p>Irrigation with Treated Wastewater (TWW) is a well-known and long-established agricultural practice in Palestine. Being a source of water and nutrients, long term use of TWW can lead to imbalances that affect plant development, soil, and groundwater quality. Consequently, irrigation frequency and interval should be properly scheduled, especially when Salts and Fertilizers (FS-TWW) cannot be separated from water.</p><p>Physically based models may be relevant tools to support an adequate irrigation management with TWW for a simultaneous supply of water and fertilizers assessed pursuant to the effects of TWW on soil properties and water fluxes into and out of the root zone.</p><p>The present research was conducted in the framework of Non Conventional WAter Re-use in Agriculture in MEditerranean countries (MENAWARA) ENI CBC Med project, with the aim to propose an alternative TWW irrigation management based on both water requirements and allowable thresholds of soil solution electrical conductivity (ECe), to prevent soil salinity using physically-based Hydrus-1D model.</p><p>To this purpose, a case study in Beit Dajan cultivated with citrus and irrigated with TWW was selected to determine the long term effects of TWW on the soil and on root uptake, considering a two-year (2018-2019) simulations and generating two FS-TWW irrigation scenarios: 1) non-optimized salt supply (NONOPT-FS-TWW) where irrigation volumes fully satisfied crop evapotranspiration demand: 2) optimized salt supply (OPT-FS-TWW) accounting for crop evapotranspiration and respecting allowable thresholds of soil solution electrical conductivity (ECe) by assuming an average soil salinity tolerance in the root zone.</p><p>Soil water movement, ECe, nitrate and ammonium concentrations were simulated, inputting averaged ten-yearly climate data and soil and water quality data measured at the end of each of the two considered years. The results in terms of soil salinity and root uptake impact are considered to define a proper TWW irrigation management for citrus.</p><p>The outputs of the scenario OPT-FS-TWW clearly demonstrate the reduction of soil salinity in the root zone, and of water and nutrient fluxes below 60cm, and thus an improvement of water and nutrient uptake, as compared to NON-OPT-FS-TWW scenario.</p><p>The results suggest that aligning the classical irrigation practices to TWW reuse by considering ECe as an additional variable is appropriate, allows to curb soil salinity, and ensures root water uptake of citrus, although TWW has high salinity levels that may jeopardize plant response after a sequence of irrigation events.</p>

scholarly journals Calibration and Global Sensitivity Analysis for a Salinity Model Used in Evaluating Fields Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in the Salinas Valley

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Prudentia Zikalala ◽  
Isaya Kisekka ◽  
Mark Grismer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Salinas Valley ◽  
Root Zone Salinity

Treated wastewater irrigation began two decades ago in the Salinas Valley of California and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the long-term effects of this strategy on soil salinization. We used data from a long-term field experiment that included application of a range of blended water salinity on vegetables, strawberries and artichoke crops using surface and pressurized irrigation systems to calibrate and validate a root zone salinity model. We first applied the method of Morris to screen model parameters that have negligible influence on the output (soil‐water electrical conductivity (ECsw)), and then the variance-based method of Sobol to select parameter values and complete model calibration and validation. While model simulations successfully captured long-term trends in soil salinity, model predictions underestimated ECsw for high ECsw samples. The model prediction error for the validation case ranged from 2.6% to 39%. The degree of soil salinization due to continuous application of water with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.57 dS/m to 1.76 dS/m depends on multiple factors; ECw and actual crop evapotranspiration had a positive effect on ECsw, while rainfall amounts and fallow had a negative effect. A 50-year simulation indicated that soil water equilibrium (ECsw ≤ 2dS/m, the initial ECsw) was reached after 8 to 14 years for vegetable crops irrigated with ECw of 0.95 to 1.76. Annual salt output loads for the 50-year simulation with runoff was a magnitude greater (from 305 to 1028 kg/ha/year) than that in deep percolation (up to 64 kg/ha/year). However, for all sites throughout the 50-year simulation, seasonal root zone salinity (saturated paste extract) did not exceed thresholds for salt tolerance for the selected crop rotations for the range of blended applied water salinities.

Long-term changes in soil salinity as influenced by subsoil thickness in a reclaimed coal mine in east-central Alberta

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Olatuyi ◽  
L. A. Leskiw
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Upward Migration ◽  
East Central ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Better Than

Olatuyi, S. O. and Leskiw, L. A. 2014. Long-term changes in soil salinity as influenced by subsoil thickness in a reclaimed coal mine in east-central Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 605–620. Elevated salinity and sodicity are major challenges to reclamation of surface-mined coal sites in the Alberta Plains region. Research plots were established in 1981 at the Battle River Coal Mine near Forestburg, AB, to determine an optimum depth of subsoil replacement over sodic mine spoil required to sustain agricultural capability. Subsoil thickness was varied at 0, 25, 65, 135, 165 and 335 cm, overlain with 15 cm topsoil. The plots were monitored annually from 1982 to 1986 and were seeded to forage from 1987. Plots were resampled in 2013 to examine long-term changes in soil quality by comparing the results with the historical means for the 1980s. Key soil parameters measured are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and soluble Na. The soil quality of the root zone (0–40 cm) improved over time in all treatments as EC, TDS, SAR and concentration of Na decreased significantly between the 1980s and 2013. Amounts of EC and soluble Na consistently increased with depth, suggesting salt accumulation was predominantly by downward leaching, but with contribution by upward migration of Na from the underlying spoil. Relative to the native soils in 2013, the root zone quality ratings for EC and SAR in the topsoil/spoil treatment were better than in the shallow-bedrock Solonetzic soil. Ratings for the 25-cm subsoil treatment were also comparable with the local Chernozemic soil, but better than the fine till Solonetzic soil. This study demonstrates that a minimum of 25 cm subsoil and 15 cm topsoil are required for mitigating salinity and sodicity in these reconstructed soils. The resampling in 2013 demonstrates that long-term monitoring is essential to obtain a better understanding of reclamation outcomes.

Effect of Long-Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on the Root Zone Environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. vzj2012.0216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Assouline ◽  
Kfir Narkis
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Treated Wastewater

Mitigating negative effects of long-term treated wastewater application via soil and irrigation manipulations: Sap flow and water relations of avocado trees (Persea americana Mill.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 106178
Author(s):  
Diriba Bane Nemera ◽  
Asher Bar-Tal ◽  
Guy J. Levy ◽  
Victor Lukyanov ◽  
Jorge Tarchitzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Negative Effects
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