Activated sludge combined with powdered activated carbon (PACT process) for the petroleum industry wastewater treatment: A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Typical Configuration ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Treatment of petroleum industry wastewater by a conventional process such as activated sludge may be hindered by the presence of recalcitrant organic compounds; therefore, tertiary treatments for wastewater polishing are required. Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adding to the activated sludge process can lead to a higher quality of treated wastewater, a more stable system and the production of reusable water. In this study, history, principles, mechanisms, and advantages of powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT) process, selection of carbon, typical configuration of a refinery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) consisting of the PACT process, and application and/or performance of the PACT technology for the petroleum industry wastewater treatment have been reviewed. Several laboratories, pilot and full scale studies have demonstrated that PACT technology can be useful for the petroleum industry wastewater treatment. PACT process can generally be applied for the petroleum industry wastewater in those cases where stringent standards require to be met for certain contaminants.

scholarly journals Direct dosage of reactivated carbon from waterworks into the activated sludge tank for removal of organic micropollutants

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lübken ◽  
P. Kosse ◽  
K. Clausen ◽  
B. Pehl ◽  
T. Bendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Plant Level

Abstract The thermal reactivation of granular activated carbon is a substantial ecological and economic benefit in the process of drinking water treatment. A significant amount of abraded carbon, which is similar to powdered activated carbon (PAC), is produced that can be brought to application at wastewater treatment plant level for the removal of micropollutants in a powdered activated carbon–activated sludge (PAC–AS) system. This excess carbon derived as a by-product from the reactivation process in a waterworks was applied directly into the activated sludge tank and has been elevated in this study by monitoring the removal efficiencies for benzotriazole, carbamazepine, diclofenac, metoprolol and sulfamethoxazole in the effluent of a semi-technical wastewater treatment plant of 39 m3. A simulation-derived sampling strategy was applied to optimize the recovery rates of the micropollutants. Flow-proportional, 72-hour composite sampling was considered best. The elimination rates obtained for a 10 g PAC·m−3 dosage were 73% for benzotriazole, 59% for carbamazepine, 60% for diclofenac, 67% for metoprolol and 48% for sulfamethoxazole. The obtained results underline the importance of appropriate sampling strategies, which can be derived from hydraulic modeling.

scholarly journals Removal of organics and metal ion nanoparticles from synthetic wastewater by activated sludge process (ASP)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunveer Singh ◽  
Shubhanshu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo - French Unit for Water & Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB norms) with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The various raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. Studies were conducted using two aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR). MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180±261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560±.0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. Accordingly, the detention time in aeration basin was 24 hours. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For the sake of metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using the ElementAS AAS4141 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd). The biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases with the minimum correlation coefficient for calibration curve being 0.9811. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.

Textile Wastewater Treatment With Activated Sludge And Powdered Activated Carbon

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Yu-Li Yeh ◽  
Yung-Tse Hung ◽  
Robert Lian-Huey Liu ◽  
Hui-Mei Chiu ◽  
Adrian Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

Recirculation of powdered activated carbon for the adsorption of dyes in municipal wastewater treatment plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nicolet ◽  
U. Rott
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The use and recirculation of powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an advanced treatment for colour removal in municipal wastewater treatment plants is presented. Studied wastewaters consist of domestic effluents with a high portion of dyehouse residual waters. The particularity of the treatment is that PAC is not disposed of before being recirculated several times. Therefore, it enables the use of a great part of the total adsorption capacity of the PAC. A positive side effect is that halogenated and refractory organic compounds, which are not degraded by micro-organisms in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant, are removed too. This paper describes results which were obtained in batch experiments and in a pilot plant during two years of observation, and concludes with advantages and drawbacks of this technology.

A Wastewater Treatment Plant Composed of UASB Reactors, Activated Sludge with DAF and UV Disinfection, in Series

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Campos ◽  
M.A.P. Reali ◽  
R. Rossetto ◽  
J. Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This paper focuses the Piçarrão wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Brazil; including its project, construction and operation, related to its first step, with working capacity until 2010 (208.785 inhabitants). The conception of the second step is also presented. This WWTP, based on the water quality of the receiving river, was designed to reach a secondary treatment level in the first step, and a tertiary treatment level in the second step. In the first step, preliminary treatment, UASB reactors, activated sludge with dissolved air flotation (DAF) and post-aeration were implanted. For the second step, denitrification, coagulation applying ferric chloride and UV disinfection should be included. In the second step, one of the UASB modules will be adapted to operate as an anoxic reactor for denitrification. The process/operation flow diagram resulted in a low complexity and relatively low cost treatment plant: USD$ 120.9 per inhabitant for implantation, and USD$ 219.05 per 1000m3 of treated wastewater. Average results for this first period of operation are: BOD5.20°C removal in the UASB reactors: 72.0%, global BOD5.20°C removal in the system: 91.4%; effluent turbidity: (11±5)NTU; total suspended solids in the effluent: (16±8)mg.L-1; fecal coliform removal ≥4 log and dewatered sludge production: 12.3 ton.d-1.

Comparison of the behaviour of selected micropollutants in a membrane bioreactor and a conventional wastewater treatment plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clara ◽  
B. Strenn ◽  
M. Ausserleitner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Technique

Micropollutants as pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), residuals of personal care products or endocrine disrupting chemicals are of increasing interest in water pollution control. In this context the removal efficiencies of sewage treatment plants (STPs) are of importance, as their effluents are important point sources for the release of those substances into the aquatic environment. Activated sludge based wastewater treatment is the worldwide prevalently used treatment technique. In conventional plants the separation of treated wastewater and sludge occurs via sedimentation. A new development is the application of membrane technology for this separation step. The studies focus on the influence of the solids retention time (SRT) on the removal efficiency, as the SRT is the most important parameter in the design of STPs. A conventional activated sludge plant (CASP) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were operated at different SRTs. The substances selected are the antiepileptic carbamazepine, the analgesics diclofenac and ibuprofen, the lipid regulator bezafibrate, the polycyclic musks tonalide and galaxolide and the contraceptive 17α-ethinylestradiole. No significant differences in the removal efficiency were detected. Due to the absence of suspended solids in the MBR effluent, substances with high adsorption potential could be retained to slightly higher amounts.

scholarly journals Is micropollutant-loaded powdered activated carbon from a wastewater treatment plant toxic to the bivalve Corbicula sp.?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Woermann ◽  
Sonja Zimmermann ◽  
Bernd Sures
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water System ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Negative Consequences

Abstract Background In order to reduce emissions of micropollutants (MPs) via effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), additional treatment steps are suggested and already deployed in selected WWTPs. Next to advanced oxidation processes, the application of powdered activated carbon (PAC) is considered a promising and suitable option as MP removal rates of 80% and more can be achieved. However, this method might also hold a drawback as a complete retention of PAC applied within the WWTP cannot always be guaranteed. Hence, small amounts of MP-loaded PAC can enter receiving waters with potentially negative consequences for aquatic organisms. The present study investigated possible effects of MP-loaded PAC from a WWTP as compared to unloaded, native PAC on the bivalve Corbicula sp. in a 10-week exposure experiment. The PAC types were administered in concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L in a semi-static sediment–water system. Results Molecular biomarker responses for xenobiotic metabolism (i.e., glutathione-S-transferase (GST)) and oxidative stress (i.e., catalase (CAT) activity and lipid peroxidation) were analyzed and in none of the treatments, significant differences to the control could be detected, except for the CAT activity in the 1 mg/L PACWWTP treatment. Moreover, the filtration rate of individual bivalves was measured after 5 and 10 weeks of exposure and compared to the initial filtration rate with the result that the presence of PAC did not affect the filtration rate of Corbicula sp. In summary, despite the selection of sensitive endpoints and a comparatively long exposure period, no significant effects were detected for unloaded and MP-loaded PAC even at the highest test concentration, which is far away from environmental relevance. Conclusions These results give an auspicious perspective for the application of PAC in WWTPs. Even when small PAC leakages from WWTPs occur, adverse effects for aquatic organisms appear to be neglectable based on our findings.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal in a Full-Scale Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant with Activated Sludge and Trickling Filter

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Nourmohammadi ◽  
Mir-Bager Esmaeeli ◽  
Hossein Akbarian ◽  
Mohammad Ghasemian
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Gas

During the last decade, more stringent effluent requirements concerning the nutrients effluent values have been imposed by legislation and social concern. In this study, efficiency of total nitrogen removal in activated sludge and trickling filter processes (AS/TF) was investigated in Tehran North wastewater treatment plant. Biological system in this site was included, anoxic selector tank, aeration tank, final sedimentation, and trickling filter. A part of treated wastewater before chlorination was mixed with supernatant of dewatered sludge and fed to the trickling filter. Supernatant of dewatered sludge with high concentration of NH4-N was diluted by treated wastewater to provide complete nitrification in trickling filter Produced nitrate in trickling filter was arrived to the anoxic tank and converted to nitrogen gas by denitrification. According to the study result, low concentration of organic carbone and high concentration of NH4-N led to nitrification in TF, then nitrate denitrification to nitrogen gas occurred in selector area. NH4-N concentration decreased from 26.8 mg/L to 0.29 mg/L in TF, and NO3-N concentration increased from 8.8 mg/L to 27 mg/L in TF. Consequently, the total nitrogen decreased approximately to 50% in biological process. This efficiency has been observed in returned flow around 24% from final sedimentation into TF. It was concluded that, in comparison with biological nutrient removal processes, this process is very efficient and simple.

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