scholarly journals Estuarine-deltaic controls on coastal carbon burial in the western Ganges-Brahmaputra delta over the last 5,000 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Flood ◽  
Margaret Georgina Milne ◽  
Graeme Swindles ◽  
Iestyn Barr ◽  
Julian Orford
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
The Sundarbans

The Ganges–Brahmaputra fluvial system drains the Himalayas and is one of the largest sources of terrestrial biosphere carbon to the ocean. It represents a major continental reservoir of CO2 associated with c. 1–2 billion tons of sediment transported each year. Shallow coastal environments receive substantial inputs of terrestrial carbon (900 Tg C yr−1), with allochthonous carbon capture on connected floodplains. Vegetated coastal ecosystems play a dominant role in the sequestration of carbon and operate as highly efficient carbon sinks. Mangrove sediments are subject to intense carbon-fixing processes that have a potentially high impact on the global carbon budget. The Sundarbans is the largest tidal mangrove forest in the world (10,200 km2 in area) and is located on the marine-terrestrial boundary of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta and the Bay of Bengal, in West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh. Estimates of sedimentation on the tidal delta plain of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta reveal mean rates of ∼1.1 cm yr−1 with accretion understood to approximately equal the regional rate of sea-level rise of ∼1.0 cm yr−1. In this study, the properties of sediments from the western Ganges-Brahmaputra delta are used to investigate controls on coastal carbon burial over the past 5,000 years. Our main findings are: (1) Beta regression of aluminium and silica ratio data is a robust method of estimating total organic carbon in sediment from the Indian Sundarbans; (2) the estimated rate of sediment deposition over last 5,000 years is between 1.0 and 2.5 mm yr−1, with uncertainty surrounding the reworked origins of sediment; and (3) temporal variation of total organic carbon accumulation through the last 5,000 years is generated by varying sedimentary depositional processes. The delivery and burial of total organic carbon is predicated on the continual supply of sediment to the Sundarbans, which future management strategies may need to consider given changing rates of deposition.

scholarly journals Total Organic Carbon Assessment in Soils Cultivated with Agave tequilana Weber in Jalisco, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Celia De La Mora-Orozco ◽  
José G. Flores-Garnica ◽  
Lucia M. Vega-Ramírez ◽  
Irma J. González-Acuña ◽  
Juan Nápoles-Armenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Agave Tequilana ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agriculture Management

The Agave tequilana Weber is an important commercial crop in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. However, the agave cultivation generates significant soil loss. For that reason, knowledge about the implementation of the agriculture management practices, such as manure application and the combination of inorganic fertilizers and manure, are relevant. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of agricultural management practices on the total organic carbon (TOC) in the soil in three study locations: Arandas, Tepatitlán, and Acatic in the Altos Sur region of Jalisco. A random sampling was carried out in each study location, 12 samples were obtained for each location at 0–30 cm deep, and a total of 36 samples were analyzed. The evaluated parameters were the potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), soil-water saturation (SWS), total nitrogen (TN), and total organic carbon (TOC). Basic statistics and correlations between parameters were generated. In addition, to estimate TOC from a multivariate analysis, models were developed based on the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) and of the classification and regression trees (CART). ANOVA and Tukey test were determined. Results demonstrated a significant difference in the TOC percentages between the study locations. The Tukey test showed that there is no difference in TOC content between the Tepatitlán and Arandas sites, but there is a difference between these two sites and the Acatic. The latter resulted with the lowest values of TOC. Long-term studies are recommended to develop crop management strategies.

scholarly journals Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene: combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4791-4816
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Vyse ◽  
Ulrike Herzschuh ◽  
Gregor Pfalz ◽  
Lyudmila A. Pestryakova ◽  
Bernhard Diekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Organic Carbon Pool ◽  
Arctic Siberia

Abstract. Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5 m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including early Marine Isotope Stage 2 (MIS2) (ca. 29–23.4 ka cal BP), mid-MIS2–early MIS1 (ca. 23.4–11.69 ka cal BP) and the Holocene (ca. 11.69–present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 g OC m−2 a−1) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.08 g OC m−2 a−1) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to be 0.26 ± 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 ± 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32 990 557 m3. The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences compared to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relate to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.

scholarly journals Soil chemical attributes in a high biodiversity silvopastoral system

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Zin Battisti ◽  
Abdon Luiz Schmitt Filho ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Paulo Antonio De Almeida Sinisgalli
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The use of conservation managements such as the silvopastoral system, and the Voisin rational grazing system have been excellent alternatives to increase animal welfare and production efficiency and improve soil chemical attributes of degraded pastures. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluatethe effect of a High Biodiversity Silvopastoral System (SPSNUCLEUS) on the soil chemical attributes through comparisons with soils of a Management Intensive Grazing without trees (MIG), primary forest, and secondary forest areas. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, Al, H+Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P were evaluated after four years of implementation of SPSNUCLEUS. Soil samples from the layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm were collected in all areas—SPSNUCLEUS, MIG, primary forest, and secondary forest. SPSNUCLEUS had better soil quality, with increased P and K contents (0-30 cm), compared to the other areas, and higher total organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents (5-30 cm) when compared to the MIG and secondary forest areas. The soil carbon accumulation capacity in the SPSNUCLEUS area in the layers of 5-10 cm and 20-40 cm was similar to that of the primary forest area, and higher to those of the other areas. SPSNUCLEUS proved to be a promising system to improve the soil chemical attributes of pastures.

scholarly journals Rapid carbon accumulation at a saltmarsh restored by managed realignment far exceeds carbon emitted in site construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L Mossman ◽  
Nigel Pontee ◽  
Katie Born ◽  
Peter J Lawrence ◽  
Stuart Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Managed Realignment ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Motivating Factor ◽  
And Storage

Increasing attention is being paid to the carbon sequestration and storage services provided by coastal blue carbon ecosystems such as saltmarshes. Sites restored by managed realignment, where existing sea walls are breached to reinstate tidal inundation to the land behind, have considerable potential to accumulate carbon through deposition of sediment brought in by the tide and burial of vegetation in the site. While this potential has been recognised, it is not yet a common motivating factor for saltmarsh restoration, partly due to uncertainties about the rate of carbon accumulation and how this balances against the greenhouse gases emitted during site construction. We use a combination of field measurements over four years and remote sensing to quantify carbon accumulation at a large managed realignment site, Steart Marshes, UK. Sediment accumulated rapidly at Steart Marshes (mean of 75 mm yr-1) and had a high carbon content (4.4% total carbon, 2.2% total organic carbon), resulting in carbon accumulation of 36.6 t ha-1 yr-1 total carbon (19.4 t ha-1 yr-1 total organic carbon). This rate of carbon accumulation is an order of magnitude higher than reported in many other restored saltmarshes, and is higher although more similar to values previously reported from another hypertidal system (Bay of Fundy, Canada). The estimated carbon emissions associated with the construction of the site were ~2-4% of the observed carbon accumulation during the study period, supporting the view that managed realignment projects in such settings are likely to have significant carbon accumulation benefits. We outline further considerations that are needed to move towards a full carbon budget for saltmarsh restoration.

scholarly journals Changes in Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Soil Organic Matter Under High CO2 Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun GUO ◽  
Li-Ge WANG ◽  
Ai-Lian WU ◽  
Jin-Song WANG ◽  
Er-Wei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Active Organic Carbon

Abstract To investigate the effects of different organic materials on soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon and nitrogen mineralization under different CO2 concentrations, field topsoil was used as the test soil and chicken manure, cow manure, and straw were mixed with soil samples as organic materials. The changes in organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and utilization of carbon sources by soil microorganisms were measured under high CO2 (800–1000 ppm) and low CO2 (400–500 ppm) concentrations. The results showed that adding organic material to soil can accelerate the mineralization of organic carbon and reduce the mineralization of nitrogen. While the addition of chicken manure and cow manure reduced the content of total organic carbon and active organic carbon in soil, straw increased the content of total organic carbon and active organic carbon in soil and reduced carbon utilization by the soil microbial community. Collectively, our findings revealed that, under high CO2 concentrations, adding organic material to soil can accelerate the mineralization of organic carbon and reduce the mineralization of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Sediment and carbon accumulation in a glacial lake in Chukotka (Arctic Siberia) during the late Pleistocene and Holocene: Combining hydroacoustic profiling and down-core analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Vyse ◽  
Ulrike Herzschuh ◽  
Gregor Pfalz ◽  
Lyudmila A. Pestryakova ◽  
Bernhard Diekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Core ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Budgets ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Organic Carbon Pool ◽  
Arctic Siberia

Abstract. Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment-biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5 m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes, and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including Early MIS2 (ca. 29–23.4 cal. ka BP), Mid-to-late MIS2 (ca. 23.4–11.5 cal. ka BP), and Holocene (ca. 11.5–present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 g OC m−2 a−1) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.09 g OC m−2 a−1) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to 0.26 ± 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 ± 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived sediment volume of ca. 32990557 m3. The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan Yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments, and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes. Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relates to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.

CHARACTERISATION OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) LEACHED FROM LEAVES IN WATER

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Heryanto Langsa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Radiate

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa organik khususnya organic karbon terlarut (DOC) dari dua spesies daun tumbuhan (<em>wandoo eucalyptus </em>and <em>pinus radiate, conifer</em>) yang larut dalam air selama periode 5 bulan leaching eksperimen. Kecepatan melarutnya senyawa organic ditentukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan kombinasi dari beberapa teknik diantaranya Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analyser, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-VIS) spektrokopi dan pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS).</p><p>Hasil analisis DOC dan UV menunjukkan peningkatan yang tajam dari kelarutan senyawa organic di awal periode pengamatan yang selanjutnya berkurang seiring dengan waktu secara eksponensial. Jumlah relatif senyawa organic yang terlarut tergantung pada luas permukaan, aktifitas mikrobiologi dan jenis sampel tumbuhan (segar atau kering) yang digunakan. Fluktuasi profil DOC dan UV<sub>254</sub> disebabkan oleh aktifitas mikrobiologi. Diperoleh bahwa daun kering lebih mudah terdegradasi menghasilkan senyawa organic dalam air dibandingkan dengan daun segar. Hasil pyrolysis secara umum menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hidrokarbon aromatic dan fenol (dan turunannya) lebih banyak ditemukan pada residue sampel setelah proses leaching kemungkinan karena adanya senyawa lignin atau aktifitas humifikasi mikrobiologi membuktikan bahwa senyawa-senyawa tersebut merupakan komponen penting dalam proses karakterisasi DOC.</p>

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