scholarly journals Energy Storage as a System Resource

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Leon ◽  
Maria Camila Ochoa ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Grid Resource ◽  
Electric Industry ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
System Resource

The origins of the electric industry can be traced back to the invention of the battery. However, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) have never been considered as a part of the electricity supply chain. Even though there has been an increase of government mandated storage investments in power grids, market driven investments are still lacking sustainable business models. Now, with the possibility that cost reductions of the technology make it viable for widespread utilization, multiple efforts have been devoted by the academia and industry to design its incorporation into electricity markets. A large majority of the proposals have been devoted to develop mechanisms for their incorporation in ancillary services markets or for arbitrage, considering storage as another market player, both still with little success in providing sustainable benefits to energy consumers and investors alike. In this paper, we demonstrate that Large Scale Energy Storage excels when incorporated as a service provider in electricity markets. Our proposal considers ESS as a grid resource, available to the ISO to achieve the optimal mix of resources in the day ahead dispatch. We demonstrate that in the Colombian system, a large ESS used in this manner may achieve high benefit-cost ratios. The results also indicate that current market designs need to evolve in order to take better advantage of energy storage and renewable energy resources.

scholarly journals Future Generation 5G Wireless Networks for Smart Grid: A Comprehensive Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofana Reka. S ◽  
Tomislav Dragičević ◽  
Pierluigi Siano ◽  
S.R. Sahaya Prabaharan
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
5G Network

Wireless cellular networks are emerging to take a strong stand in attempts to achieve pervasive large scale obtainment, communication, and processing with the evolution of the fifth generation (5G) network. Both the present day cellular technologies and the evolving new age 5G are considered to be advantageous for the smart grid. The 5G networks exhibit relevant services for critical and timely applications for greater aspects in the smart grid. In the present day electricity markets, 5G provides new business models to the energy providers and improves the way the utility communicates with the grid systems. In this work, a complete analysis and a review of the 5G network and its vision regarding the smart grid is exhibited. The work discusses the present day wireless technologies, and the architectural changes for the past years are shown. Furthermore, to understand the user-based analyses in a smart grid, a detailed analysis of 5G architecture with the grid perspectives is exhibited. The current status of 5G networks in a smart grid with a different analysis for energy efficiency is vividly explained in this work. Furthermore, focus is emphasized on future reliable smart grid communication with future roadmaps and challenges to be faced. The complete work gives an in-depth understanding of 5G networks as they pertain to future smart grids as a comprehensive analysis.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Performance Enhancement of Air and CO2 Based Compressed Gas Storage Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Dahiya ◽  
Jishnu Bhattacharya ◽  
Nitin D. Banker
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Compressed Gas

Abstract Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and their adverse effects on the environment, there is a need of hour to shift towards the renewable energy resources. However, the most promising renewable resources such as wind power and solar power are intermittent in nature. Thus, a sustainable shift requires economical and efficient energy storage systems. Use of batteries is the widely accepted storage systems for such resources and significant research work has been carried out in last few decades to improve the cycle life of batteries but they are still unsuitable for large scale systems and disposal of discarded batteries is also a major environmental concern. In view of this, researchers found compressed gas energy storage (CGES) system as one of the potential alternatives to store renewable energy at large spatial and temporal scales. The current study provides a comparison between air and carbon dioxide (CO2) based CGES systems from a thermodynamic standpoint. In an effort of improving efficiency of system, it is proposed to supply additional heat via renewable resource to CO2 based system before the expansion of gas in the turbine. The performance comparison of six different systems has been carried out using first and second law efficiencies.

Application of LiMn2O4 Nanostructures as Efficient Cathodes for Energy Storage Devices

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-228
Author(s):  
Shabir Ahmad Akhoon ◽  
Ashaq Hussain Sofi ◽  
Rayees Ahmad Khan ◽  
Ab. Mateen Tantray ◽  
Seemin Rubab
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
End Use

Renewable energy resources have been investigated as alternatives to fossil fuels. Though the energy density of these renewable sources is not comparable to the fossil fuels, their abundance make them highly interesting. There are three main steps in the renewable energy utilization: harvesting, conversion, and storage. Thus, after harvesting renewable energy, storing this energy is an important aspect for its large-scale end use. Considering the fact that the energy is a basic need for life on earth, there has been a strong scientific temperament towards the renewable energy utilization. The electrical energy storage maintains the key to promote the use of renewable energy. Among the storage devices, the rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are the most promising energy storage devices. Among various cathodes proposed for LIBs, the most promising one is the spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4). Its non-toxicity, low cost, abundance, and ease of synthesis, besides being environmentally friendly, make it suitable for next generation green LIBs.

Simulation Based Grid Optimization to Enhance Renewable Energy Storage in Iceland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sugar ◽  
Runar Unnthorsson
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Peak Shaving

Renewable energy resources are contributing evermore to the generation mix worldwide, however, expanding grids in size and complexity have given rise to unforeseen complications such as frequency oscillations, voltage sags and spikes, and power outages. In 2013, nearly 100% of electricity generation in Iceland was from hydropower and geothermal sources; there is also high potential for wind and tidal energy, both options are being explored and would benefit from additional technologies to manage fluctuations and store energy surplus. Landsnet is the sole transmission system operator (TSO) responsible for energy balance in Iceland. On the consumer side, load variations represent difficulties for utilities to meet ever-changing demand. Research indicates high-capacity electricity energy storage (EES) has the potential to be economically beneficial as well as carbon neutral, all while improving power and voltage quality, peak-shaving, reducing the number of grid failures and reducing natural fluctuations in renewable energy (RE) sources. Two complex resource deployment scenarios are modeled using GridCommand™ Distribution: (1) large-scale 10 MWh capacity EES evenly distributed across the transmission system, and (2) large-scale 10 MWh capacity EES clustered at targeted substations in the transmission system. Results reveal 10 MWh capacity battery EES at a density of 60% in the transmission model provides optimal performance conditions. Optimal conditions are defined by EES performance metrics, and signify improvements in power quality, energy balance, and peak-shaving when electricity demand is at its highest. EES technologies are presented and tested at different locations across the Icelandic grid to predict which solutions are best for the future development of the electricity system.

Rechargeable Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal-Air Batteries – Potential and Challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Hua Cheng ◽  
Keith Scott
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Power Sources

In order to resolve environmental and sustainable energy concerns, significant efforts are required to find ways to minimise the use of fossil fuels and to shift to renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal power generation. The key to success lies in developing reliable large scale high power energy storage devices. The lithiumair battery has been suggested as one candidate because of its exceptionally high energy storage capacity. Non-aqueous metal-air batteries utilising alkali and alkaline earth metal anodes also offer great gains in energy density over the state-of-the-art Li-ion battery. They are also unique power sources because the cathode active material (oxygen) does not have to be stored in the battery but can be accessed from the atmosphere. Moreover, alkali and alkaline earth elements are much more abundant than lithium and therefore would offer a more sustainable energy storage solution for even beyond the long-term. This work is to enable the uptake of this technology by fully analysing its principle and by exploring the application of nanostructured catalytic cathode materials. The potential of alkali and alkaline earth metal-air batteries will be demonstrated by their electrochemical cycling performance and will be compared with the lithium-air battery. The challenging issues will be discussed according to experimental observations.

Biotechnology-driven business model archetypes: Sustainability, Innovation and Commercial Viability

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Peppou
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Biotechnology Firms ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Sustainable Business Models

PurposeIn spite of enthusiasm for biotechnologies to enable sustainability and the development of innovative sustainable business models, limited research, tools and resources exist. Therefore, this research questions how the business model of sustainable biotechnology-driven firms differs from other businesses.Methodology         This article applies a structured content analysis method to enumerate sustainable business model archetypes in biotechnology firms focuses utilising secondary data from 64 existing. The triple-layer business model canvas is used as the categorisation matrix.FindingsFive sustainable business model archetypes were identified for biotechnology firms. Findings highlight that sustainable biotechnology-driven businesses can reach a sustainable business model through either operating as an environmentally-led or economically-led domain.Research limitations/implicationsThis article recognises that transitioning to a sustainable business model requires significant change to many facets of the business, therefore this study provides a template for future organisations, supporting the realisation of future, sustainable, biotechnology innovations.Originality/value Unlike previous studies this article focuses exclusively on biotechnology firms, as well as utilising the Triple Layer Business Model Canvas as the categorisation matrix, the first article to do so. This article provides a template for large-scale industrial businesses to build, or transition to, more sustainable business models utilising biotechnology. 

scholarly journals Experimental study of pipe-pile-based micro-scale compressed air energy storage (PPMS-CAES) for a building

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 07012
Author(s):  
Jingtao Zhang ◽  
Hoyoung Seo ◽  
Sihyun Kim ◽  
Junyoung Ko ◽  
Seunghee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Pipe Pile ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Test Pile

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology has been re-emerging as one of the promising options to address the challenge coming from the intermittency of renewable energy resources. Unlike the large-scale CAES, which is limited by the geologic location, small-and micro-scale CAES that uses a human-made pressure vessel is adaptable for both grid-connected and standalone distributed units equipped with the energy generation capacity. The research team recently suggested a new concept of pipe-pile-based micro-scale CAES (PPMS-CAES) that uses pipe-pile foundations of a building as compressed air storage vessels. To ascertain the mechanical feasibility of the new concept, we conducted lab-scale pile loading tests with a model test pile in both a loose and dense soil chamber that emulates an actual closed-ended pipe pile. The test pile was subjected to a repeated cycle of compressed air charge (to Pmax=10 MPa) and discharge (to Pmin=0.1 MPa) during the experimental study. The displacement at the top of the test pile, with and without a structural loading, in loose and dense sand, was closely monitored during the repetitive air pressurization-and-depressurization. It was observed that the vertical displacement at the pile head under different conditions was accumulated during the extended cycle of air charge and discharge, but the rate of displacement gradually attenuates during the cycle. And, the presence of structural load and density of soil affected the magnitude of the accumulated vertical displacement. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the concept of PPMS-CAES is not likely to compromise the mechanical integrity of pipe piles while showing a promising capacity for energy storage.

scholarly journals Utilization of Energy Storage System for Frequency Regulation in Large-Scale Transmission System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhan Yoon ◽  
Jaehyeong Lee ◽  
Sungyoon Song ◽  
Yeontae Yoo ◽  
Gilsoo Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Inertia Response

As the penetration rate of renewable enery resources (RES) in the power system increases, uncertainty and variability in system operation increase. The application of energy storage systems (ESS) in the power system has been increased to compensate for the characteristics of renewable energy resources. Since ESS is a controllable and highly responsive power resource, primary frequency response and inertia response are possible in case of system contingency, so it can be utilized for frequency regulation (FR) purposes. In frequency regulation, reduction of the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and increase the frequency nadir by improving the response characteristics are important factors to secure frequency stability. Therefore, it is important to control ESS with proper parameters according to changing system situation. In this paper, we propose a method to calculate and apply a frequency droop, which is basically required according to the power system condition based on swing equation and effective inertia assessment. In addition, a method to estimate RoCoF droop according to the correlation with frequency by estimating the systematic inertia in the current situation is proposed. The case study for verification of the proposed method was performed through dynamic simulation using actual Korean power system data. The results show that the proposed method is more effective than the governor-free of the conventional thermal generator and conventional droop control-based FR-ESS.

scholarly journals On Optimal Battery Sizing for Households Participating in Demand-Side Management Schemes

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Pilz ◽  
Omar Ellabban ◽  
Luluwah Al-Fagih
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Optimal Capacity ◽  
Depth Analysis

The smart grid with its two-way communication and bi-directional power layers is a cornerstone in the combat against global warming. It allows for the large-scale adoption of distributed (individually-owned) renewable energy resources such as solar photovoltaic systems. Their intermittency poses a threat to the stability of the grid, which can be addressed by the introduction of energy storage systems. Determining the optimal capacity of a battery has been an active area of research in recent years. In this research, an in-depth analysis of the relation between optimal capacity and demand and generation patterns is performed for households taking part in a community-wide demand-side management scheme. The scheme is based on a non-cooperative dynamic game approach in which participants compete for the lowest electricity bill by scheduling their energy storage systems. The results are evaluated based on self-consumption, the peak-to-average ratio of the aggregated load and potential cost reductions. Furthermore, the difference between individually-owned batteries and a centralised community energy storage system serving the whole community is investigated.

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